scholarly journals Autism, schizofrenie, ADHD. Perspective convergente

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Bogdana MICLEA
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Over Time

Over time, continuous efforts have been made to clarify and circumscribe diagnoses of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The diagnostic split between the 3 disorders dominated psychiatry after the 80s, being still used and recognized as such by the diagnostic manuals. Recently a shift and flexibility of the psychiatric paradigm has been noticed. The categorical perspective on mental illness is gradually complemented by the dimensional one. In the last decade, research in the field of neuroscience and psychology has brought evidence in favor of a partial overlap between ADHD, autism and schizophrenia. The hypothesis of a partial overlap can also be supported by non-medical or psychological theorizations, related to common deficits of symbolic structuring of the psyche in achieving a coherent representation of the world and of one’s own person.

scholarly journals O TDAH no Campo da Assistência Social: Possibilidades para uma Clínica Ampliada

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 438-448
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Santos TESSARO ◽  
Ana Maria VEIGALIMA
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Gestalt Therapy ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Sensory Activities

This theoretical article aimed to constitute a review of the gestalt literature about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced in Brazil and to discuss practical possibilities of intervention based on Gestalt therapy. These proposals were designed in the context of a social welfare service that welcomes children and adolescents, with or without the diagnosis of ADHD. Thus, was necessary to articulate with the concept of extended clinic, supported by the field concept of Kurt Lewin. Was considered the contributions of Luciana Aguiar and Violet Oaklander, two important authors of gestalt psychotherapy with children, in Brasil and in the world, respectively. Among the results, there was the need for interventions at the institutional level (such as working within the institution's introjects and offering greater supervision and monitoring to these children) and individual (performing motor sensory activities aimed at the development of the protagonism through the possibility of to choose).

scholarly journals Can a Person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder be an Athlete?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Alexandru Robert Vlad ◽  
Andreea Ioana Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorder ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Stimulant Drugs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency

AbstractAttention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that impairs academic, social and occupational functioning in children, adolescents and adults. It is characterized by excessive activity, restlessness, and nervousness. The disease occurs in general at children before the age of 7 and usually is not easy to be detected, due to various symptoms. When the diagnosis is established the physician can prescribe two types of drugs, stimulants: amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and non-stimulants such as: guanfacine, atomoxetine, and clonidine. So what can be done for a person who has ADHD, and wants to be an elite athlete? Due to the rules established by the World Anti-Doping Agency the stimulant drugs are prohibited in competition and if traces of a prohibited substance are detected in the sample of blood of the athlete his access to competition can be blocked from 2-4 years, from that date of the incident. Fortunately for some athletes the disease was acute in childhood but as they grew up the symptoms were reminiscent and they could concentrate at the sporting task that was supposed to be achieved. What about those athletes that still have the symptoms? Well, they can be treated with the non-stimulant drugs, but their doctor must monthly verify if the list of prohibited drugs has been changed. In conclusion we can say that ADHD can be an impediment, but with the help of parents, teachers, and physicians the athlete can achieve very good performances.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Kiriakos Xenitidis ◽  
Shazia Zahid ◽  
Caryl Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Research Findings

People with intellectual disability (ID) are more susceptible to mental disorders including mental illness and developmental disorders, such as autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The identification of comorbidities is an important task for the clinician as, in addition to clarifying the diagnosis, it carries implications for the treatment and prognosis. This chapter aims to explore the association between ID and ADHD and review the key research findings. The validity of the diagnosis of ADHD in ID is considered. The assessment issues relating to the diagnosis of ADHD in this population are discussed. The questions around treatment and management are summarized and, finally, the clinical implications are highlighted.

Karl Leonhard (1904–88) and his academic influence through the ‘Erlangen School’

2020 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2097883
Author(s):  
Birgit Braun
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
East Germany ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
Academic Influence

The Erlangen University Psychiatric and Mental Clinic was an annexe to the Erlangen Mental Asylum, so when Leonhard worked there he became acquainted with acute and chronic stages of schizophrenia. This can be viewed as a decisive impulse for his later differentiated classification of types of schizophrenia. The suspicion that Leonhard suffered from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cannot be supported. His reticence concerning social-psychiatric aspects is analysed in the context of his early professional contact with the ‘Erlangen system’ of open care and its Nazi perversion. Leonhard’s role in national-socialism is still uncertain. His unsuccessful attempts to retain the Erlangen Chair of Psychiatry and Mental Illness in 1951 can be viewed as his first difficulty in the tensions between West Germany and East Germany.

Are Psychotherapies for Young People Growing Stronger? Tracking Trends Over Time for Youth Anxiety, Depression, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Conduct Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Weisz ◽  
Sofie Kuppens ◽  
Mei Yi Ng ◽  
Rachel A. Vaughn-Coaxum ◽  
Ana M. Ugueto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Multiple Study ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Over Time

With the development of empirically supported treatments over the decades, have youth psychotherapies grown stronger? To investigate, we examined changes over time in treatment effects for four frequently treated youth mental-health problems: anxiety, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorders. We used PubMed and PsycINFO to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published between January 1960 and May 2017 involving youths between the ages of 4 and 18 years. We also searched reviews and meta-analyses of youth psychotherapy research, followed reference trails in the reports we identified, and obtained additional studies identified by therapy researchers whom we contacted. We identified 453 RCTs (31,933 participants) spanning 53 years (1963–2016). Effect sizes for the problem-relevant outcome measures were synthesized via multilevel meta-analysis. We tracked temporal trends for each problem domain and then examined multiple study characteristics that might moderate those trends. Mean effect size increased nonsignificantly for anxiety, decreased nonsignificantly for ADHD, and decreased significantly for depression and conduct problems. Moderator analyses involving multiple study subgroups showed only a few exceptions to these surprising patterns. The findings suggest that new approaches to treatment design and intervention science may be needed, especially for depression and conduct problems. We suggest intensifying the search for mechanisms of change, making treatments more transdiagnostic and personalizable, embedding treatments within youth ecosystems, adapting treatments to the social and technological changes that alter youth dysfunction and treatment needs, and resisting old habits that can make treatments unduly skeuomorphic.

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