Desain U-slot Ganda untuk Meningkatkan Bandwidth Antena MIMO 5G Millimeter-wave

ABSTRAK Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan rekayasa antena mikrostrip (MSA) dengan penambahan U-slot ganda untuk meningkatkan performansi bandwidth antena mikrostrip. Penelitian sebelumnya berfokus pada penambahan U-slot tunggal dan didesain untuk frekuensi di bawah 15 GHz. Kebutuhan utama antena 5G adalah memiliki bandwidth yang lebar dan kemampuan Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan desain antena MIMO 5G dengan bandwidth yang lebih lebar pada frekuensi millimeter-wave 28 GHz sebagai kandidat utama alokasi frekuensi untuk komunikasi seluler 5G. Pada penelitian ini diajukan teknik desain antena MIMO dengan penambahan rekayasa U-slot ganda untuk meningkatkan performansi bandwidth. Hasil kalkulasi dan simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan U-slot ganda, dihasilkan peningkatan performansi bandwith sebesar 68% dibandingkan desain antena tanpa U-slot. Jika dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian U-slot sebelumnya, penambahan U-slot ganda menghasilkan peningkatan bandwidth sebesar 76%. Kata kunci: U-Slot ganda, antena 5G millimeter-wave, MIMO, bandwidth ABSTRACT In this study, a microstrip antenna (MSA) was developed with the addition of a double U-slot to improve bandwidth performance. Previous studies have focused on adding single U-slots and designed for frequencies below 15 GHz. The main requirement for 5G antennas is high bandwidth performance and multiple inputmultiple output capabilities (MIMO). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a 5G MIMO antenna with broader bandwidth at the millimeter-wave frequency 28 GHz as the primary candidate for frequency allocation for 5G cellular communication. In this study, MIMO antenna design techniques were proposed with the addition of a double U-slot method to improve bandwidth performance. The calculation and simulation results show that with the addition of a double U-slot, an increase in bandwidth performance of 68% compared to antenna designs without U-slots and 76% when compared to using a single U-slot in previous studies. Keywords: Double U-Slot, millimeter-wave 5G antenna, MIMO, bandwidth

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Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2018/1905984 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chia-Hao Wu ◽

Jwo-Shiun Sun ◽

Bo-Shiun Lu

Keyword(s):

Ground Plane ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Antenna Design ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Monopole Antennas ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output

This paper presents a compact four-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design operating within the WiFi 802.11 ac bands (5.2–5.84 GHz) for a smartwatch. The antenna is fabricated using a polyamide substrate and embedded into the strap of a smartwatch model; the strap is created using three-dimensional etching of plastic materials. The four-element MIMO antenna is formed by four monopole antennas, has a simple structure, and is connected to the system ground plane of the smartwatch. Due to the stub and notched block between two antennas and the slit in the system ground, the four-element MIMO antenna exhibits favorable isolation. Moreover, the envelope correlation coefficient of the antennas is considerably lower than 0.005 in the operating band. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidths of the four elements of the antenna (Ant1–Ant4) with the human wrist encompass the WiFi 802.11 ac range of 5.2–5.84 GHz; moreover, an isolation of more than 20 dB is achieved. The measured antenna efficiency with and without a phantom hand are 45%–55% and 93%–97%, respectively.

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High Isolation Millimeter-Wave Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Communication

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2019/4283010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Zhaoyun Duan ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Qing Zhou ◽

Yubin Gong

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communications ◽

Transmission Coefficient ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

High Isolation ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

The Stability ◽

24 Ghz

A millimeter-wave wideband antenna is presented for the 5th generation applications. The operation band ranges from 24 GHz to 39 GHz which covers most of the Ka band. Furthermore, a 9×9 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is developed. The high isolation is achieved without introducing external decoupling structures. The transmission coefficient is under −20 dB within only 0.4 mm space between antenna elements. The radiation pattern also shows the stability within the wide operation band. Both simulated and measured results show that this proposed MIMO antenna is suitable for the future wireless communications.

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Bandwidth enhancement and miniaturization of circular-shaped microstrip antenna based on beleved half-cut structure for MIMO 2x2 application

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1110-1121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teguh Firmansyah ◽

Supriyanto Praptodiyono ◽

Herudin Herudin ◽

Didik Aribowo ◽

Syah Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microstrip Antenna ◽

Mutual Coupling ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Center Frequency ◽

Design System ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Bandwidth Enhancement ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output

In this paper, circular-shaped microstrip antenna was simulated, fabricated, and measured accordingly. As the novelty, to enhance bandwidth and reduce antenna size, beleved half-cut microstrip structure is proposed. Further, this proposed antenna structure will be applied to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna 2´2. Therefore, this research was investigated conventional circular shape antenna (CCSA), circular shaped beleved antenna (CSBA), and MIMO circular shaped beleved antenna (MIMO-CBSA) as Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3, respectively. An FR4 substrate with er= 4.4, thickness h=1.6 mm, and tan d=0.0265 was used. The simulation has been conducted using Advanced Design System (ADS). The antenna CCSA/CSBA/ MIMO-CBSA achieve 1.831GHz/2.265 GHz/2.256 GHz, -15.13dB/-17.37dB/-17.25 dB, 1.42/1.31/1.33, and 1.474/2.332/2.322 for center frequency, reflection coefficient, VSWR, and bandwidth, respectively. This antenna has a size 63x90 mm and 51.5x90 mm for CCSA (Model 1) and CSBA (Model 2), respectively. After the structure of MIMO 2´2 was applied, the size of antenna MIMO-CBSA (Model 3) became 180 mm x 180 mm with a mutual coupling (S21)=-26.18 dB and mutual coupling (S31)=-26.41 dB. The result showed that proposed antenna CSBA (Model 2) has wider-bandwidth of 58,2% and smaller-size of 18.2%. Furthermore, after CSBA (Model 2) structure was applied to MIMO 2´2 (Model 3) and the MIMO antenna obtain good mutual coupling (<-15dB). Moreover, the measured results are good agreement with the simulated results. In conclusion, all of these advantages make it particularly valuable in multistandard antenna applications design such as GSM950, WCDMA1800, LTE2300, and WLAN2400.

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Genetic Algorithm-Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/5817120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hao Guo ◽

Behrooz Makki ◽

Tommy Svensson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

Mobile Networks ◽

System Performance ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Hardware Impairments ◽

Mimo Networks ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

High Carrier

Initial access (IA) is identified as a key challenge for the upcoming 5G mobile communication system operating at high carrier frequencies, and several techniques are currently being proposed. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm- (GA-) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas/users/per-user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA-based approach performs well in delay-constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state-of-the-art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage-constrained end-to-end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users’ mobility into account, our GA-based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.

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Design of an interlocked four-port MIMO antenna for UWB automotive communications

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078721000374 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

M. Saravanan ◽

R. Kalidoss ◽

B. Partibane ◽

K. S. Vishvaksenan

Keyword(s):

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Performance Estimation ◽

Ultra Wideband ◽

Antenna Element ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

Operating Bandwidth ◽

Peak Gain

Abstract The design, analysis, fabrication, and testing of a four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is reported in this paper for automotive communications. The MIMO antenna is constructed using the basic antenna element exploiting a slot geometry. Two such antennas are developed on the same microwave laminate to develop a two-port MIMO antenna. Two such microwave laminates are interlocked to create the four-port MIMO scheme. The most distinct feature of the proposed architecture is that the inter-port isolation is well-taken care without the need for an external decoupling unit. The four-port MIMO antenna has an overall volume of 32 × 15 × 32 mm3. The prototype MIMO antenna is fabricated and the measurements are carried out to validate the simulation results. The antenna offers ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics covering the frequency range of 2.8–9.5 GHz. The average boresight gain of the antenna ranges from 3.2 to 5.41 dBi with the peak gain at 8 GHz. The simulated efficiency of the antenna is greater than 73% within the operating bandwidth. The MIMO parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and mean effective gain are evaluated and presented. The appropriateness of the proposed antenna for deployment in the shark fin housing of the present-day automobiles is verified using on-car performance estimation.

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Novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning inspired dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks ◽

10.1177/15501477211055376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 155014772110553

Author(s):

Xiaoping Zhou ◽

Haichao Liu ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Yang Wang

Keyword(s):

Millimeter Wave ◽

Manifold Learning ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Restricted Boltzmann Machine ◽

Boltzmann Machine ◽

Hybrid Precoding ◽

User Clustering ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

Low Dimensional

Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output is a key technology in 5G communication system. In particular, the hybrid precoding method has the advantages of being power efficient and less expensive than the full-digital precoding method, so it has attracted more and more attention. The effectiveness of this method in simple systems has been well verified, but its performance is still unknown due to many problems in real communication such as interference from other users and base stations, and users are constantly on the move. In this article, we propose a dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding method in the high-dimensional millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output system, which uses low-dimensional manifolds to avoid complicated calculations when there are many antennas. We model each user set as a novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold, and the problem is transformed into cluster-oriented multi-manifold learning. The novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning seeks to learn embedded low-dimensional manifolds through manifold learning in the face of user mobility in clusters. Through proper user clustering, the hybrid precoding is investigated for the sum-rate maximization problem by manifold quasi-conjugate gradient methods. This algorithm avoids the traditional method of processing high-dimensional channel parameters, achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces computational complexity. The simulation result table shows that this method can get almost the best summation rate and higher spectral efficiency compared with the traditional method.

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Mutual Coupling Reduction of DRA for MIMO Applications

Advanced Electromagnetics ◽

10.7716/aem.v8i1.730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

N. Al Shalaby ◽

S. G. El-Sherbiny

Keyword(s):

Mutual Coupling ◽

Dielectric Material ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Antenna System ◽

Parasitic Element ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

Element Method

In this paper, A multiple input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna using two Square Dielectric Resonators (SDRs) is introduced. The mutual coupling between the two SDRAs is reduced using two different methods; the first method is based on splitting a spiral slot in the ground plane, then filling the slot with dielectric material, "E.=2.2". The second method is based on inserting a copper parasitic element, having the same shape of the splitted Spiral, between the two SDRAs. The effect of replacing the copper parasitic element with Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) parasitic element "SOC12 doped long-MWCNT BP" is also studied. The antenna system is designed to operate at 6 GHz. The analysis and simulations are carried out using finite element method (FEM). The defected ground plane method gives a maximum isolation of l8dB at element spacing of 30mm (0.6λo), whereas the parasitic element method gives a maximum isolation of 42.5dB at the same element spacing.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPACT METAMATERIAL MIMO ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/57/2/12992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 223

Author(s):

Hoa Nguyen Thi Quynh ◽

Sy Tuan Tran ◽

Huu Lam Phan ◽

Duy Tung Phan

Keyword(s):

Ground Plane ◽

Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽

Split Ring Resonator ◽

Antenna Element ◽

Mimo Antenna ◽

Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽

Antenna Performance ◽

Multiple Input ◽

Input Multiple Output ◽

The Individual

A compact three-port metamaterial multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna using complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) loaded ground have demonstrated in order to miniaturize the size and improve the antenna performance. The antenna is designed on FR4 material and simulated by HFSS software. By loading CSRRs in the ground plane, the size reduction of 77% of the individual patch antenna element is achieved, which appeared to be the major reason for the obtained the compact MIMO antenna. Furthermore, the simulated results show that the proposed MIMO antenna achieves the total gain higher than 5 dB, the isolation less than -11 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value lower than 0.015, and the bandwidth of 100 MHz through the whole WLAN band from 2.4 GHz to 2.484 GHz, indicating promises for WLAN applications.

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