scholarly journals Internal Sources of Labour Productivity Growth in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
E. V. Balatsky ◽  
N. A. Ekimova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
New Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Right

In this article, the authors analysed the readiness of Russian regions for the integration of technological innovations. In this context, managerial dichotomy “borrowing/creation of innovations” is of fundamental importance. The right choice of the way to increase productivity in the regions of the country represents a nontrivial task since the wrong solution would lead to significant economic losses. The authors proposed to use the concept of technological boundary to increase objectivity managerial decisions making. “Technological boundary” means the relative productivity of the region corresponding to the average productivity in the United States, the excess of which allows the region to develop new production technologies. The use of the concept of technological frontier and comparison of labour productivity in the Russian regions showed that only two regions in the country could act as drivers for the development of their own new technologies. At the same time, the available data and calculations show that in many regions there are leading companies of different industries with extremely high productivity and ability to act as innovative local drivers within the regions. This circumstance made it possible to formulate a multi-step strategy to accelerate the technological diffusion for Russia.

Management of Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Ensuring the Right Treatment of the Right Patient at the Right Time

2018 ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Spratt ◽  
Deaglan J. McHugh ◽  
Michael J. Morris ◽  
Alicia K. Morgans
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Recurrent Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
New Gene ◽  
The Right

Biochemically recurrent prostate cancer is an increasingly common disease state, with more than 25,000 cases occurring annually in the United States. Fortunately, progress continues to be made to more effectively identify metastatic disease, optimize existing therapies, and develop new technologies and therapeutic strategies for the timing and delivery of systemic treatments to improve outcomes. This review covers three topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of men with biochemical recurrence (BCR). First, we provide an update on the state of the rapidly evolving field of molecular imaging and its place in practice. Second, we describe validated clinicopathologic methods to risk stratify patients with biochemically recurrent disease, including new gene expression classifiers, to personalize postoperative radiotherapy (RT) timing. Last, we define our approach to optimal management with systemic therapy, including identifying the patients who may benefit most and balancing the duration and timing of treatment with consideration of the effect of therapy on quality of life (QOL) and medical complications associated with treatment.

Structural Change and Economic Growth across Major States of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Monica Thind ◽  
Lakhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Relationship

The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. Structural change becomes a potential source of growth in an economy as it induces reallocation of labour from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus leading to fuller and better utilization of overall resources. This article studies the relationship between structural change and growth in 15 major states of India over the 30-year period from 1983–1984 to 2014–2015. The study aims at discovering whether structural changes have contributed to economic growth of these states or otherwise. This is achieved by decomposing the overall labour productivity growth of states into contribution by structural change and within sector change. The results show that in all the states under study structural changes have contributed positively to growth; however, contribution of within sector changes is found to be much more than structural change in all states except Maharashtra.

The Role of Information and Communications Technology Inputs

2003 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 58-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary O'Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The impact of recent advances in information technology on output and productivity growth has been one of the key research questions in the past few years. A consensus has emerged that the use of information and communications technology (ICT) capital has had a significant impact on aggregate economy-wide labour productivity growth through the capital deepening channel in the United States in the 1990s (see the discussion and references in the papers below). Evidence is also emerging of a delayed but nonetheless significant impact in European and other OECD economies. These findings have stimulated additional research using microeconomic data focusing on both the industry or company level.

scholarly journals Interregional Structural Factor of Labour Productivity Growth in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
E. V. Balatsky ◽  
N. A. Ekimova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Total Labour

In the article, we consider changes in the arrangement of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of labour productivity for the period 2000–2017. We show that currently in Russia, there is an extremely high differentiation of regions in terms of labour productivity, and over the past two decades, there has been an increase in it. The figures that allow us to conclude about the unique territorial structure of Russia we give in the text, namely: part of the Russian regions belong to the group of core countries in terms of technological development; the other part — to the countries of the semi-periphery; the third — to the countries of the periphery. We showed that in the periods of 2000–2010 and 2010–2017 characterised completely different structural schemes of the country’s development. The share of so-called “between effect” in the growth of the total labour productivity in Russia in the second period increased more than ten times as compared to the first period. It means that in the second decade of the XXI century the country’s regional labour overflows accelerated. It simultaneously contributed to the growth of productivity and even more entrenched concentric model of development, increasing the differentiation of subjects of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Redistribution and transmission mechanisms of income inequality - panel analysis of the affluent OECD countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosta Josifidis ◽  
Radmila Dragutinovic-Mitrovic ◽  
Novica Supic ◽  
Olgica Glavaski
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The aim of this paper is to point out the limitations of conventional approaches, articulated via political processes, in reducing income inequality. Using the panel data methods, on the sample of 21 affluent OECD countries in the period from 1980 to 2011, it is observed that the increase in labour productivity as well as preferences of voters to parties that advocate greater redistribution, contrary to common perception, not necessarily lead to reduction in income inequality. Increasing dominance of big capital in the field of technological progress changes the conventions about contribution of workers to labour productivity. The result is a weakening of workers? bargaining power in relation to employers as well as increase in gap between labour productivity growth and real wage growth, which both lead to increase in income inequality. In comparison with the other political parties, it seems that the right-wing parties are more efficient in using voters? support to implement their concept of the welfare state, which contributes to maintaining the high market-generated income inequality. Such situation could be explained that de jure power of the government depends on election results, whereas de facto power depends on the support of so-called globally-oriented super elites.

Of Yeast and Mushrooms: Patterns of Industry-Level Productivity Growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Inklaar
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Intangible Investments ◽  
Information And Communication

Abstract In this paper we analyse labour productivity growth in the United States, four European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands and United Kingdom), Australia and Canada between 1987 and 2003 from an industry perspective. Rather than analysing broad industry groups, we compare the pattern of growth in all industries through Harberger diagrams. We introduce new summary measures, which indicate the pervasiveness of growth patterns. These indicators show that investment in both information and communication technology (ICT) and non-ICT capital is fairly balanced or ‘yeasty’, driven by overall macro-economic conditions. However, growth of total factor productivity (TFP) is much more localized or ‘mushroom-like’. In particular we find a clear distinction between countries in continental Europe, in which TFP is decelerating after 1995 and becoming more localized, and Anglo-Saxon countries in which TFP growth is accelerating and becoming more broad-based, especially after 2000. The increased breadth of Anglo-Saxon TFP growth is consistent with delayed effects of intangible investments that are complementary to ICT investments.

scholarly journals PROJECT CRESCENT: A PROPOSAL TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE MOONBASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Basanta Das ◽  
Malaya Kumar Biswal M
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Moon ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Be it harsh snowy mountains or dry hostile deserts, wherever there is space to expand into humans have done so boldly. With Earth mostly discovered and inhabited it is hardly surprising that many countries, organizations and space agencies are already making preparations to build permanent settlements and bases throughout the solar system starting with the Moon and Mars. The Moon our only satellite and the closest celestial body to the Earth is the next logical step in the ladder to becoming an interplanetary civilization. We have the technology to do so and NASA’s current estimates say it could be possible with a budget of 20 to 40 billion Dollars spread over the time of a decade. This budget is comparable to that of the International Space Station or a mere 1% of the United States Federal Budget in 2019. A small investment with an immeasurable payoff if done right. This is a step in the right direction towards becoming a type 2 civilization on the Kardashev scale, develop new technologies and discover new sources of energy.

scholarly journals A Physician’s Commentary on Electronic Health Records in the United States Medical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Irina V. Angel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Healthcare Innovation ◽  
The Right

This commentary presents a point of view on how the arrival of electronic health records (EHR) in the United States (U.S.) has changed physicians’ practice. EHR implementation has pros and cons. EHR systems have been a great asset during the pandemic and help with efficiency, safety, and cost reduction. Despite their benefits, healthcare providers and organizations still face challenges, including usability and interoperability across systems, contributing to physicians’ burnout. Can physicians adopt new technologies and adapt to current challenges? Is it the right time for physicians to stop being observers and become active participants in the process of healthcare innovation and implementation?

scholarly journals Foreign aggairs of the customs organization and operation activities on the example United States of America

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
V.O. Khoma ◽  
V.P. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Government Body ◽  
Search Warrant ◽  
The Right

In modern developed countries it is important to protect national economic interests, and therefore there is a need to improve cooperation between customs authorities to combat smuggling and the illegal movement of goods across the customs border of the countries. This article focuses on the study of foreign experience of functioning of the bodies authorised to apply measures of operational-search activities in the system of combating smuggling and illegal movement of goods across the customs border by the example of the United States of America. Every year the customs border of America cross goods valued at a trillion dollars as the total imports, and therefore the customs authorities of the United States of America require the improvement of existing technologies for the protection of the state border. New technologies play a crucial role in the customs of the United States of America. Today in America, the custom is the only governmental Agency in which its officials have the authority for the inspection of people, goods and vehicles crossing the border without a search warrant. It should be noted that the customs service of the United States of America has also partnered with the police departments, the Federal Bureau of investigation in providing customs information that would allow them to detect, and in some cases to predict organized crime, i.e. the police investigate. In addition, the customs service of the United States of America, as the main government body that has the right to apprehend criminals at the border, faced with a complex, multifaceted threat to the smuggling of goods, narcotic drugs and so on. But because the customs service is working on these tasks with the use of modern achievements of science and practice through a variety of approaches, directions: intelligence, operational, experienced, which bring a positive result. In case of detection by customs officers of the United States of America violations of the customs legislation, they have the right to conduct an investigation on this fact, as well as having the right to seize the goods which are subject to export outside the country. In addition, the customs authorities of the United States of America have the right to confiscate without a court order any goods that you intended to illegally vivactis from the country, and vehicle that was to be used for these purposes.

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