A review on maize-finger millet relay cropping in hills of Nepal: Prospects and constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
Dipika Parajulee ◽  
Sangam Panta
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Available Resources

Maize (Zea mays) and Finger millet (Elusine corocana) are two key staple crops grown in the hills of Nepal. These crops are planted in a relay intercropping system developed by farmers since the dawn of time. The unique example of cereal-cereal intercropping with its cropping system and cropping pattern at different altitudes is reviewed along with the yield comparison of direct-seeded and transplanted finger millet with maize. Relay cropping is the planting of second crop in the same land area before the harvest of first crop with the goal of higher productivity by sharing the available resources. Considerable research has been done on maize and millet but there has been a limited approach to their cropping system. This paper reviews the existing system of cropping, its prospects, and its constraints. The prospects of maize/finger millet cultivation are pronounced in the form of yield increment, economic and efficient use of available resources, insurance against crop failure, and reduced insect, pest, and weed incidence. Although this cropping system has benefits, it exhibits limitations as well which are competition between crops, lack of suitable varieties, labor-intensive system, and soil-nutrient loss. As maize and finger millet are the main food crops in hilly terrain, it is urged to provide the focus and encouragement regarding their sustainable and modern approaches by developing and disseminating crop growing and management technologies. 

Crop Productivity Enhancement under Soybean Based Cropping System through Harvested Rain Water in Malwa Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Ranade ◽  
M.L. Jadav ◽  
Indu Swarup ◽  
O.P. Girothia ◽  
D.V. Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Net Return

Background: Rainwater harvesting is commonly practiced in areas, where the rainfall is insufficient for crop growing. Due to the intermittent nature of run-off events, it is necessary to store the maximum possible amount of rainwater during the rainy season so that it may be used as irrigation to enhance the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system.Methods: A study was carried out during 2018-2019 in Indore district of Malwa region. Rainwater harvesting tanks at on station (42´21´2.4m) and on farm (15´11´4m) were constructed for irrigation water availability. Provision of water harvesting tank increased the irrigation water availability (1781m3 and 630m3 respectively) and stored water was managed through various irrigation systems viz. rain gun, drip and flood.Result: It was resulted that the provision of water harvesting tanks enhanced the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system. Availability of irrigation encouraged the farmers to diversify the cropping pattern (soybean-chickpea, soybean -wheat). It is also clear from the study that even with smaller storage tank and through conjunctive use of ground (1164.2m3) and surface water (596m3), multiple crops (Soybean, potato, sweet corn, chickpea, onion, garlic etc.) can be grown. Soybean-Chickpea cropping system at station gave the net return of 70976 Rs/ha with B: C ratio of 3.15. Soybean-Wheat cropping system at farm gave the net return of 119000 Rs/ha with B:C ratio of 3.38. 

scholarly journals Agronomic management of lentil under relay cropping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Mandi ◽  
Hasim Reja ◽  
Milan Kanti Kundu ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Relay Cropping ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (22.97oN, 88.43oE, 9.75m MSL), Nadia, West Bengal, India during rabi season of 2014-16 to identify the optimum seed rate and variety for relay cropping with transplanted long duration kharif rice under changing onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid down in split plot design with three replications comprising of three lentil varieties (PL6, WBL 77 and NDL 1) in main plot and four seed rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kg ha-1) in sub-plot. The varieties and seed rates significantly affected the plant population, pods per plant, biological and seed yield. The lentil variety PL 6 recorded highest seed yield (1446.8 kg ha-1) with the seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 followed by WBL 77 and NDL 1. Among the varieties PL6 recorded highest test weight (27.58 g) followed by NDL 1 (18.36 g) and WBL 77 (16.20 g). The variety PL 6 exhibited highest seed yield which was mainly attributed by the highest test weight of seeds along with moderate plant population m-2 and number of pods plant-1.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF PLANT LANDSCAPES IN TANDAI IRRIGATION AREA, KERINCI DISTRICT, JAMBI

Neutron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Acep Hidayat ◽  
Marcellino Rico Ariana
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Large Water

The Plantation Network has a land area of ​​375 ha. Population which is directly proportional to the necessities of life, one of which is in the food sector, has made the government take the initiative to meet the needs and welfare of the community with productive agricultural land and fields. The data includes secondary data on 10-year rainfall from Depati Parbo and Kayu Aro Station and 10-year climatology from Kayu Aro Climatology Station. The calculation method used is the rainfall intensity Average method, Evapotranspiration modification Penman method, Debit danalan DR.FJ Mock method, cropping patterns, and irrigation water needs. Related to the calculation of 6 alternative cropping patterns with different types of plants and different initial planting plans by making comparisons with the existing discharge factor (Q80). Obtained that the cropping pattern is very possible, namely using the cropping pattern PADI-PADI-PALAWIJA. The most efficient and optimal planting pattern is that this cropping system consists of PADI-PADI-ON with large water demand in tertiary plots (NFR tertiary plots) producing 0 - 1,308 ltr / sec/ha with a maximum of 1,308 ltr / ha / February II, while the need for irrigation water in the intake (DR intake) ranges from 0 - 1,615 ltr sec/ha with a maximum of 1,615 ltr / sec/ha in February II. The available debit and debit in the Irrigation Network Planning Mark is very abundant with the mainstay discharge (Q80) for irrigation, the maximum available debit (Q80) can occur in November with 202,207 ltr / sec/ha and the minimum in August with 115,012 ltr / sec / Ha. Based on the results of the discharge and water above, it can be determined about the ratio of water/air equilibrium between discharge and water Q80 and the need for irrigation water requires a large/adequate surplus.

Effects of aeolian processes on soil nutrient loss in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: an experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunming Wang ◽  
Lili Lang ◽  
Ting Hua ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Caixia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Gonghe Basin

scholarly journals Weeds and Their Effect on the Performance of Maize and Finger Millet in Mid-Hills of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Shrawan K. Sah ◽  
Resam B. Thapa ◽  
Andrew J. McDonald ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Weed Infestation

Relay cropping of maize with fingermillet (maize/fingermillet) is the predominant cropping system for sustaining food security situation in the hilly regions of Nepal. In this region weed pressure severely reduces crop yields. Basic information on weed species composition, biomass production and their effect on crop yields and economics are lacking for this region. This information will be necessary to develop effective weed management strategies for the future. In light of this an empirical study was carried out in two representatives mid hill districts of Parbat and Baglung during summer season of 2010/2011 in Nepal. A total of 10 major weed species with densities of 172 in Parbat and 311 per 0.25m2 area in Baglung were observed. The highest percentage of both relative and absolute densities were recorded for Ageratum conyzoides in Parbat and Polygonum chinensis in Baglung. Weed infestation under farmers practice of crop management reduced the grain yield of maize by 1.985 Mt ha-1 (117%) in Baglung and 1.760 Mt ha-1 (108%) in Parbat. Similarly, in finger millet it was 0.489 Mt ha-1 (63%) in Baglung and 0.403 Mt ha-1 in Parbat. Similarly, the combined yield of both the crops was also significantly reduced by 79.3% and 61.7% in Baglung and Parbat respectively. Hence, weeds are directly affecting the crop performance in the region. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an alternative crop production system in the hills. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10790Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 275-278  

scholarly journals Yield tradeoffs and weed suppression in a winter annual oilseed relay‐cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 2485-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Hoerning ◽  
M. Scott Wells ◽  
Russ Gesch ◽  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Donald Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Relay Cropping

scholarly journals Cropping System Intensification for Increasing Crop Productivity in Salt-Affected Coastal Zones of Bangladesh

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Rina Rani Saha ◽  
Md. Alimur Rahman ◽  
Md. Hafijur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
Richard Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cropping Patterns

In Global Climate Risk Index 2019, Bangladesh has been ranked seventh among the countries most affected by extreme weather events. The salinity intrusion has increased by 27% from 1973 to 2009 in coastal areas of Bangladesh due to impacts of climate change. The cropping intensities of the coastal zones are below than the country’s average intensity (195%), which causes severe food insecurity. In southern coastal zone, soil and water (river/canal) salinity remain the minimum (<4 dS/m) during in July/August but attain the maximum (upto 11 and 25 dS/m, respectively) in March/April. Farmers grow single T.aman rice a year. Therefore, five cropping patterns were tested under ACIAR funded project in Amtali (Barguna district) and Dacope (Khulna) upazilas during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 irrigating with low salinity surface water (canal/pond) to increase crop productivity. In Amtali, T.aman-Potato-Mungbean-T.aus cropping pattern gave the highest (20.18 t/ha) rice equivalent yield (REY), which increased 360% REY over the farmers’ practice (T.aman-fallow-fallow). However, in Dacope, T.aman-spinach-fallow showed the highest REY (13.99 t/ha) that increased 211% REY compared to farmers’ practice. The improved cropping patterns can be practiced within the polder (embankment for water control) for increasing crop productivity and profitability in salt-affected coastal zones of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Impact of depth of placement of mineral fertilizer micro-dosing on growth, yield and partial nutrient balance in pearl millet cropping system in the Sahel

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. IBRAHIM ◽  
D. PASTERNAK ◽  
D. FATONDJI
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYA study was carried out in the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 in Niger to investigate the effects of fertilizer micro-dosing on root development, yield and soil nutrient exploitation of pearl millet. Different rates of diammonium phosphate (DAP) were applied to the soil at different depths and it was found that although micro-dosing with DAP increased grain yield over the unfertilized control to a similar level as broadcast DAP, doubling the micro-dosage did not increase it further. Increasing the depth of fertilizer application from 5 to 10 cm resulted in significant increases in root length density, and deep application of fertilizer resulted in higher yields, although the increases were generally not significant. It was postulated that the positive effect of micro-dosing resulted from better exploitation of soil nutrients because of the higher root volume. Levels of nutrients exported from the soil were at least as high in plants receiving micro-dosing as the unfertilized control, and plants receiving micro-dosing exported 5–10 times more phosphorus from the soil than the amount added through fertilization.

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