scholarly journals Micorrizas arbusculares e absorção de fósforo em função da capacidade de fixação de fósforo do solo e da competição com a microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Regina Lúcia Félix de Aguiar Lima
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Fixation Capacity

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) se associam às raízes das plantas e incrementam a absorção de fósforo (P), macronutriente com baixa mobilidade no solo. A capacidade de fixação de P do solo e a competição com a biota heterotrófica afetam sua disponibilidade para plantas. Visando avaliar a contribuição dos FMA na absorção de P em solos com capacidade crescente de fixação ou em situação de competição com a biota foram realizados experimentos em vasos compartimentalizados cultivados com braquiária associada a FMA, contendo substrato marcado com 32P. Foram quantificadas a massa seca das plantas, o conteúdo e a atividade específica do P. No experimento 1 avaliou-se a absorção de P por raízes e hifas de FMA ou somente por hifas em solos com alta, média e baixa capacidade fixação de P. No experimento 2 avaliou-se a absorção de P por raízes e hifas de FMA ou somente por hifas em solos com alta e baixa capacidade fixação de P em situação de competição com a biota do solo ativada por fontes de carbono. O aumento da capacidade de fixação de P pelo solo resultou em diminuição de massa seca, conteúdo de P e atividade específica nas plantas. No solo com alta fixação de P, plantas com absorção exclusiva por hifas de FMA tiveram aumento da massa seca e conteúdo de P. Em situação de competição, houve diminuição na massa seca e no conteúdo de P nas plantas. Plantas com absorção por raízes e hifas de FMA tiveram maior atividade específica de P. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and phosphorus uptake in soils as a function of adsorption capacity and competition with microbiota A B S T R A C TArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with plant roots and increase the absorption of phosphorus (P), macronutrient with low soil mobility. Soil P fixation capacity and competition with heterotrophic biota affect its availability. To evaluate the contribution of AMF to P uptake in soils with increasing fixation capacity or in competition with biota, experiments were carried out in compartmentalized pots cultivated with AMF-associated Brachiaria decumbens containing 32P-labeled substrate. Plant dry mass, content and specific activity of P. were quantified. In experiment 1, the absorption of P by roots and hyphae of AMF or only by hyphae in soils with high, medium and low P. fixation capacity was evaluated. In experiment 2, the absorption of P by roots and hyphae of AMF or only by hyphae in soils with high and low P fixation capacity in competition with carbon-activated soil biota was evaluated. Increasing P fixation capacity by soil resulted in decreased dry matter, P content and specific activity in plants. In soil with high P fixation, plants with exclusive absorption by FMA hyphae had increased dry matter and P content. In a competition situation, there was a decrease in dry matter and P content in plants. Plants absorbed by roots and hyphae of AMF had higher P-specific activity.Keywords: 32P, P-soil fixing, AMF, extraradical mycelium, hyphal absorption

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil P dynamics, corn P-nutrition and growth in a ridge-tilled commercial field

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P Landry ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse relationship between P uptake and PAEM. At harvest, grain P content of AMNI plants was greater than that of AMI plants. In 1998, only AMI plants had decreased yield in the absence of P fertilization. In 1999, AMNI plants produced greater grain yield than AMI plants at all P rates. AM fungi improve the exploitation of soil P by corn thereby maintaining high yields while reducing crop reliance on P inputs in RT. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, ridge-tillage, soil P dynamics, corn, P nutrition

Arbuscular mycorrhizae of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in cultivated field plots: plant age affects the development of a colonization lag phase

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P McGonigle ◽  
J P Hovius ◽  
R L Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Hyphal Coils

Temporal patterns of colonization of roots of perennials by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are poorly understood because annual crops are more often studied. The objective was to monitor in detail the growth and mycorrhizae of the perennial American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) over the first 2 years after seeding. In particular, the extent of carry-over of colonization into the second year was examined. Delayed germination of some seeds caused by chance-driven variability in the time needed for seed maturation after seed collection provided an opportunity to compare first- and second-year plants under identical conditions in the second year. For all plants, development of arbuscules rose to a maximum in mid-August, falling partially thereafter. Production of hyphal coils proceeded more slowly but steadily, so that end-of-season colonization was composed equally of arbuscules and hyphal coils. Between seasons, taproot dry mass was reduced by 18%, whereas lateral root length increased by 15%. These changes were probably caused by root turnover, which left little initial colonization of roots at the start of the second year. Strikingly, second-year plants did not exhibit a colonization lag phase, whereas a lag of 43 days was seen for the first-year plants alongside. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.Key words: perennial, arbuscules, hyphal coils, taproot, Ontario.

DISPONIBILITÉ DU PHOSPHORE DANS LES SOLS NEUTRES ET CALCAIRES DU QUÉBEC EN RELATION AVEC LEURS CARACTÉRISTIQUES CHIMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SEN TRAN ◽  
M. GIROUX
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Content ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
Exchange Resins

Seven chemical methods (Bray-II, Bray-I, North Carolina DA-4, DA10, Mehlich II, Mehlich III and Olsen) and two anion exchange resins (F− and [Formula: see text] forms) were evaluated on 43 soils with pH varying from 6.4 to 7.88. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with ryegrass receiving two treatments (without P fertilization and 150 mg kg−1 soil) on these soils. The Olsen's method and the two anion resins used as reference ones were effectively the better correlated with P uptakes (r = 0.83**–0.87**) and relative yield (R2 = 69.3–70.2%). The Mehlich II, Mehlich III and to a lesser extent Bray-I methods showed good correlations with these reference methods (r = 0.77**–0.83**) and with plant P uptakes (r = 0.73**–0.79**) or relative yields (R2 = 48.9–55.1%). The Bray-II, DA-4 and DA-10 methods may dissolve some calcium phosphates such as apatites or tricalcium phosphate in some soils and thus overestimated their available P content. The P amounts extracted by these methods were less correlated with P uptakes (r = 0.57*–0.67**) or relative yields (R2 = 14.4–31.4%). On the other hand, the DA-4 extractability was diminished in soils containing more than 3% of carbonates. Although the Ca-P was the predominant form in these soils, the P fixation capacity (M) and maximum P buffer (Mb) capacity were mostly related with Al and Fe-oxalate contents. However, the low Mb values obtained from these soils indicated that the P concentration in soil solution is more favored with respect to adsorbed P. Organic matter and clay contents, pH (H2O), exchangeable Ca and carbonate contents had some effects on the extraction capability of some methods without affecting plant P uptakes. Key words: Available P, soil testing, anion exchange resins, soil properties, P fixation

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal fungi increase coffee plants competitiveness against Bidens pilosa interference

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Cabral França ◽  
Ana Flávia de Freitas ◽  
Edson Aparecido dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Valter Carvalho de Andrade Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Coffee Plants

ABSTRACT Mycorrhizae provide several benefits to coffee plants. This study evaluated whether these benefits influence the damage caused by the Bidens pilosa competition with coffee seedlings. A randomized blocks design was used, with treatments established in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (presence and absence of B. pilosa interference in non-inoculated control or plants inoculated with either Claroideoglomus etunicatum or Dentiscutata heterogama). Coffee seedlings were inoculated with fungi spores and developed for 120 days. Then, they were subjected to the interference of B. pilosa for more 120 days, when data were collected for growth traits, mycorrhizal colonization, dry matter and foliar nutrient concentrations in coffee plants. Dry matter and nutrient contents in B. pilosa plants were also evaluated. Inoculation provided better growth and nutrition of coffee plants. The competition with B. pilosa reduced mycorrhizal colonization, height, leaf area, leaf and stem dry mass, root dry weight, number of reproductive branches and levels of P and Fe in the coffee plants. However, the harmful effect of the interference was lower in inoculated coffee plants. The dry mass of B. pilosa decreased under the interference of inoculated coffee plants. The inoculation of C. etunicatum and D. heterogama in Arabica coffee seedlings increases the competitiveness of the crop against B. pilosa interference.

scholarly journals Effect of glyphosate and P on the growth and nutrition of Coffea arabica cultivars and on weed control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Karoline Santos da Costa ◽  
Nagilla Moraes Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme Cesar Pereira de Moura ◽  
Artur Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Silvano Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
P Content ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Coffee Plants

AbstractThe effect of the phosphorus (P) and glyphosate interactions on the growth and nutrition of Arabica coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica), as well as on the control of Ipomoea grandifolia and Urochloa decumbens, was evaluated. Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62 and Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144 cultivars did not show glyphosate poisoning, regardless of the soil P content. However, glyphosate reduced the growth of Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144. In addition, the soil P content influenced the height, leaf area and dry matter of Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62, and the absorption of P and Ca in both cultivars. On the other hand, glyphosate efficiently controlled U. decumbens but not I. grandifolia. Glyphosate effectiveness on I. grandifolia decreased as the soil P content increased. In addition, the soil P content and the glyphosate influenced the P content in I. grandifolia and U. decumbens plants. The soil P content influenced the growth and absorption of other nutrients by coffee plants as well as glyphosate effectiveness on weed control.

The influence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass production in willow

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg F. Backhaus ◽  
Per Häggblom ◽  
Lars Owe Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Cuttings of Salixdasyclados and Salixdaphnoides were grown in clay, peat, or sand under greenhouse conditions and inoculated with endomycorrhizal roots. Uninoculated cuttings in the same substrates served as controls. All plants were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer solution. Shoot dry mass and colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were measured during the experiment. At the end of the experiment growth of inoculated plants was significantly enhanced in peat (p < 0.001) and sand (p < 0.01), while in clay, no effect of inoculation on growth was found. In peat and sand increased growth of plants could be correlated with frequency of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. No significant differences in concentrations of P or N in leaves and stems were noted between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae stimulate growth of willow under greenhouse conditions despite application of easily available nutrients.

scholarly journals Growth and phosphorus uptake of faba bean and cotton are related to Colwell-P concentrations in the subsoil of Vertosols

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. McLaren ◽  
M. J. Bell ◽  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
M. K. Tighe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Recent studies report low and variable phosphorus (P) fertiliser use efficiency (PUE) for cotton in the northern grains region (NGR) of eastern Australia. This may be due to cotton accessing P pools that are not currently tested for in the subsoil (10–30 cm) or variation in response to P source and placement strategy. Two glasshouse studies were used to investigate this, incorporating two soil P tests to assess readily and slowly available P pools (Colwell, and a dilute acid colloquially referred to as the BSES extractant), and five different P fertiliser placement strategies in the subsoil. Eighteen Vertosols were collected across southern to central Queensland in the NGR, and then used to grow faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sequentially in the same 28-L pot. Readily available P pools assessed by Colwell-P were of major importance for faba bean and cotton dry matter, as well as for tissue P concentrations. Cotton was less responsive to extractable subsoil P concentrations than faba bean, suggesting either greater internal PUE or improved ability to accumulate P under conditions of limited availability. We recommend that subsoil P fertilisation should occur before sowing faba bean to maximise PUE in a cotton–faba bean rotation. Faba bean and cotton both recovered more P when the subsoil was fertilised, but no individual P fertiliser placement strategy was superior. Phosphorus extracted using the BSES method was not correlated with faba bean or cotton dry matter or tissue P concentration over the single crop cycle. We also recommend that Colwell-P be measured in the topsoil and subsoil to understand the quantity of plant-available P in Vertosols of the NGR, and that further research is needed to describe the resupply of the readily available P pool from slowly available P pools during a single crop cycle.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN YOUNG PLANTS OF Cordia trichotoma SUBMITTED TO THE APPLICATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽  
Thaise da Silva Tonetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Native Tree Species

ABSTRACT The application of phosphorus (P) doses in the soil can increase the growth of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the morphological and the physiological parameters in C. trichotoma seedlings, cultivated in soil with increased P content. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots with 2.5 dm-3 of soil, four doses of P (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg dm-3), and six replicates. P content in the soil, P concentrations in the leaves, morphological attributes (height, stem diameter, aerial dry matter, root dry matter, and leaf area) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll α fluorescence) were determined 180 days after transplantation. The increase in the available P content in the soil allowed greater absorption of this element by the plant’s roots, increasing the concentration in the leaves, and therefore favoring the energetic metabolism of the plants. In addition, the higher influx and accumulation of P in the plant when 450 mg dm-3 was used, increased the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments and increased the photosynthetic capacity of the C. trichotoma seedlings. The highest use of the light energy by photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76) was observed in the seedlings cultivated with 450 mg dm-3 of P, with a 95% increase when compared to seedlings without P. Thus, we observed that this tree species is demanding and responsive to the higher P content available in the soil.

Colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi changes the relationship between phosphorus uptake and membrane potential in leek (Allium porrum) seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Ayling ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake and root membrane electric potential difference (p.d.) was investigated in leek (Allium porrum L.). Plants were grown, with or without the AM fungus Scutellospora calospora (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Walker and Sanders, in soil. P uptake and root p.d. were correlated; plants with the highest P concentration in the shoot had the most negative p.d. This relationship was strong in non-mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 84–98%), but weaker in mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 55–64%), consistent with the idea that in mycorrhizal roots the fungal hyphae are the principal site of P uptake.

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