scholarly journals Da Escassez ao Excesso de Água: um Recorte do Semiárido no Nordeste e Médio Vale do Itajaí no Sul do Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
RAFAELA DIAS FERNANDES ◽  
Angela Maria Cavalcanti Ramalho ◽  
Camila Cristina Rosa ◽  
Cristiane Mansur de Moraes Souza ◽  
Bruno Jandir Mello
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Social And Environmental Risks

Objetiva-se discutir a problemática das condições de riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais nos cenários do Semiárido paraibano e Médio Vale do Itajaí (SC), respectivamente, no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o alcance dos dois problemas emblemáticos de (i) escassez e (ii) excesso de água apresentam riscos sociais e ambientais. Com base em um argumento socioambiental é relevante compreender que a questão da escassez de água no Semiárido nordestino se debruça sobre as questões de acesso e distribuição da água, ocasionando conflitos socioambientais. Enquanto a questão do excesso de água no Vale do Itajaí apresenta um indicador significativo de vulnerabilidade resultante das cheias, deslizamentos e enxurradas na localidade. A metodologia da pesquisa se caracteriza por um diagnóstico descritivo explicativo de caráter exploratório. Os principais resultados apontam para argumentos os quais enfatizam que com o crescente aumento da população urbana em todo o mundo é premente incorporar o conhecimento dos riscos e vulnerabilidades a que esta população está sujeita, e o planejamento para a gestão e gerenciamento da água. Medidas de mitigação e adaptação a estes riscos que aumentem a resiliência socioecológica são evidentemente necessárias e precisam ser incluídas no planejamento e na gestão das cidades. Estas medidas necessitam reforçar a legitimidade nos processos de governança por meio da participação social.  A B S T R A C TThe main purpose of the paper is discuss the risk conditions and social environmental vulnerabilities in the scenarios of the Médio Vale do Itajaí (SC) and Semi-Arid Paraiban, respectively, in the South and Northeast of Brazil.  It is assumed that the scope of the two problems of (i) excess and (ii) water scarcity pose social and environmental risks. Based on a socio-environmental argument it is relevant to understand that the issue of water excess in the Vale do Itajaí presents a significant indicator of social vulnerability resulting from flooding, landslides and floods, the issue of water scarcity in the Northeastern Semi-Arid focuses on the lack of water access and distribution, causing social and environmental conflicts in the communities.  The research methodology is characterized by an exploratory descriptive diagnosis. The main results point out arguments that emphasize that because of the growing urban population worldwide it is urgent to incorporate the knowledge of risks and vulnerabilities to this population, and its correct management. Mitigation and adaptation measures to these risks that increase socio-ecological resilience are obviously necessary and need to be included in city planning and management. These measures need to strengthen legitimacy in governance processes through social participation.Keywords: water management, social and environmental vulnerability, resilience, Paraíba, Vale do Itajaí. 

scholarly journals Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Urban Heat

In the era of climate change, before developing and establishing mitigation and adaptation measures that counteract urban heat island (UHI) effects [...]

scholarly journals Dialogues between social and natural sciences: contribution to the debate on socio-environmental conflicts

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2335-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Social Environmental

ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that attempting to solve real problems is a possible approach to bring social and natural sciences together, and suggest that - as Environmental Impact Assessment necessarily brings together social and environmental issues - this debate is a strong candidate for such a task. The argument is based on a general discussion about the possibilities and limitations of Environmental Impact Assessments, the social-environmental impacts of mining activities and three case studies. The analysis of the cases indicates possibilities and limitations of the dialogue between scientists from various areas - and of the collaboration with social movements and affected communities - in avoiding negative impacts of mining projects and, eventually, increasing their sustainability.

scholarly journals Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Gerald Krebs ◽  
David Camhy ◽  
Dirk Muschalla
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Annual Scale

While ongoing climate change is well documented, the impacts exhibit a substantial variability, both in direction and magnitude, visible even at regional and local scales. However, the knowledge of regional impacts is crucial for the design of mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly when changes in the hydrological cycle are concerned. In this paper, we present hydro-meteorological trends based on observations from a hydrological research basin in Eastern Austria between 1979 and 2019. The analyzed variables include air temperature, precipitation, and catchment runoff. Additionally, the number of wet days, trends for catchment evapotranspiration, and computed potential evapotranspiration were derived. Long-term trends were computed using a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test. The analysis shows that while mean annual temperatures were decreasing and annual temperature minima remained constant, annual maxima were rising. Long-term trends indicate a shift of precipitation to the summer, with minor variations observed for the remaining seasons and at an annual scale. Observed precipitation intensities mainly increased in spring and summer between 1979 and 2019. Catchment actual evapotranspiration, computed based on catchment precipitation and outflow, showed no significant trend for the observed time period, while potential evapotranspiration rates based on remote sensing data increased between 1981 and 2019.

Gender, Forests and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Marcos Morezuelas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
Change Mitigation

As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.

Towards Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-158
Author(s):  
Umer Khayyam ◽  
Rida Bano ◽  
Shahzad Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
The University

Abstract Global climate change is one of the main threats facing humanity and the impacts on natural systems as well as humans are expected to be severe. People can take action against these threats through two approaches: mitigation and adaptation. However, mitigations and adaptations are contingent on the level of motivation and awareness, as well as socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study examined personal perception and motivation to mitigate and adapt to climate change among the university students in the capital city of Pakistan. We divided the respondents into social sciences, applied sciences and natural sciences, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students who perceive severity, benefits from preparation, and have more information about climate change were 1.57, 4.98 and 1.63 times more likely to take mitigation and 1.47, 1.14 and 1.17 times more likely to take adaptation measures, respectively. Students who perceived self-efficacy, obstacles to protect from the negative consequences of climate change and who belonged to affluent families were more likely to take mitigation measures and less likely to take adaptation strategies. However, mitigation and adaptation were unaffected by age, gender and study discipline.

scholarly journals Assessing storm surge hazard and impact of sea level rise in the Lesser Antilles case study of Martinique

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1559-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Krien ◽  
Bernard Dudon ◽  
Jean Roger ◽  
Gael Arnaud ◽  
Narcisse Zahibo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the Lesser Antilles, coastal inundations from hurricane-induced storm surges pose a great threat to lives, properties and ecosystems. Assessing current and future storm surge hazards with sufficient spatial resolution is of primary interest to help coastal planners and decision makers develop mitigation and adaptation measures. Here, we use wave–current numerical models and statistical methods to investigate worst case scenarios and 100-year surge levels for the case study of Martinique under present climate or considering a potential sea level rise. Results confirm that the wave setup plays a major role in the Lesser Antilles, where the narrow island shelf impedes the piling-up of large amounts of wind-driven water on the shoreline during extreme events. The radiation stress gradients thus contribute significantly to the total surge – up to 100 % in some cases. The nonlinear interactions of sea level rise (SLR) with bathymetry and topography are generally found to be relatively small in Martinique but can reach several tens of centimeters in low-lying areas where the inundation extent is strongly enhanced compared to present conditions. These findings further emphasize the importance of waves for developing operational storm surge warning systems in the Lesser Antilles and encourage caution when using static methods to assess the impact of sea level rise on storm surge hazard.

scholarly journals Synergies in the Land Use Sector: What Is the Best Policy Approach When Co-benefits and Trade-offs Are Involved?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (53) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Martin Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Welfare Implications

AbstractMitigation and adaptation are the main strategies to address climate change. Both of them are interrelated instruments and key elements of an integral approach to tackle the phenomenon. This interrelation is particularly strong in the land use sector, an area in which practically any policy has a significant effect on the goals of both strategies. Yet, in practice, mitigation and adaptation are treated as two different instruments. A poor understanding about the interactions between the mentioned strategies remains as a barrier to implement the integrated approach. To contribute to fill-in this knowledge gap, a hypothetical ecologic-economic system simulated under deep uncertainty was used to test environmental and welfare implications of different policy configurations. Taking the unregulated economy as a benchmark, the outcomes of the mentioned interventions were classified as synergies or different forms of trade-offs. Results indicate that measures based on internalization of externalities overcame monetary compensation schemes. Moreover, when externalities were corrected, synergies were more frequent and associated to higher environmental and welfare gains. Furthermore, the policy configuration that exhibited best synergic properties was an intervention integrating mitigation and adaptation measures. This indicates that synergies may be more accessible than previously considered, however, current policy approach and incentives may not be the best tools to trigger them.

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