scholarly journals Localização de nascentes ameaçadas em áreas urbanas: Uma estratégia preventiva de conservação ambiental com auxílio de Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2186-2203
Author(s):  
Bárbara Fernanda da Cunha Tasca ◽  
Fernanda Vieira Xavier ◽  
Auberto José Barros Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
First Order ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
High Level

Identifying urban headwaters and delimitating their Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) before its inevitable degradation by the human occupation is essential to guarantee the long-term sustainability of the cities. However, the scarcity of tools for facilitating this purpose prevents public authorities from speeding up their control actions. As headwaters frequently occur near the beginning of first-order drainage channels, it is assumed that their location can be obtained by using numerical models of the land surface. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the applicability of a Digital Terrain Model (MDT) as an auxiliary tool in the prospecting process in spring fields in the urban area of Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. The methodology consisted of extracting the drainage channels from the modeled area, making it possible to indicate locations for prospecting corresponding to the head regions of the first order channels. The results show that 62,8% of the occurrence of the headwaters were in a 300m radii from the first-order start points. However, it was not possible to issue a conclusive evaluation in 28,6% of the places due to the high level of anthropization. Nevertheless, only in 8,6% of them did not present any water emergence in the surroundings, indicating the effectiveness of this method in guiding the prospection of headwaters in field. We concluded that our procedures are worthful for cities that have detailed altimetric surveys, being especially useful in urban expansion areas, where the preventive character of headwaters conservation is essential.

scholarly journals Technologies for Digital Modeling of Spatial Information About the Area for Agricultural Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Elena Sazonova ◽  
Veronica Borisova ◽  
Sergey Terentyev ◽  
Olga Kramlikh ◽  
Irina Sidorenkova
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Land Management System

One of the topical trends in the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation is digitalization and automation of methods for processing spatial information about various land resources. The main element of the implementation of this direction in practice can be considered a three-dimensional digital terrain model. This model allows solving many problems in the field of land management, in particular, such as analyzing the surface of the terrain in order to determine its suitability for agricultural production. Despite a number of existing problems in this area, an automated digital land management system will enable public authorities to implement an integrated and systematic approach to management, that is, to more efficiently use the land resources, influence the land market, as well as attract the investments and create the necessary conditions. for sustainable development of the territory.

Flooding effects on grassland species composition in the Azul creek basin, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilda Entraigas ◽  
Natalia Vercelli ◽  
Guadalupe Ares ◽  
Marcelo Varni ◽  
Sofía Zeme
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Edaphic Variables ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

From a hydrological point of view, the characteristic of the water behaviour in catchments so depressed as the Azul creek basin (centre of Buenos Aires province, Argentina) is water accumulation above the land surface. Thus, water on the ground does not have a single runoff direction, but moves in a disorderly, indefinite and unpredictable way. Considering that periodic floods are a typical disturbance of the region, the objective of this study is to analyse, under field conditions, the transformative effect of prolonged flooding on floristic composition, taking into account the different vegetation patches and their relative position over the relief, the chemical characteristics and the groundwater fluctuation, and some edaphic properties in each site. Vegetation samplings were performed during three consecutive springs, when the grassland was on different hydrological conditions due to very different rainfall precedent histories. A digital terrain model of the study area was built and a flow accumulation map was created from it. Pits were dug to describe edaphic variables and shallow wells were drilled for monitoring the groundwater characteristics. Flooding, in relation with surface and groundwater dynamics and soil characteristics, is the factor that determines and promotes the differentiation among sites that are relatively close, contiguous and even topographically in almost identical positions. So, some patches of vegetation get their differentiation through the limiting conditions of their soils, while others receive greater influence from the hydrodynamics to which they are subject. Thus, in this study it becomes evident how certain stands are floristically homogenised or differentiated over time according to their flooding conditions and, hence, according to the area from which they receive surface and groundwater flow. Also, results corroborate the way the water regime determines the structure and heterogeneity of plant communities in such environments.

scholarly journals RS and GIS Supported Urban LULC and UHI Change Simulation and Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Pei Liu ◽  
Shoujun Jia ◽  
Ruimei Han ◽  
Yuanping Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Rapid urbanization has become a major urban sustainability concern due to environmental impacts, such as the development of urban heat island (UHI) and the reduction of urban security states. To date, most research on urban sustainability development has focused on dynamic change monitoring or UHI state characterization, while there is little literature on UHI change analysis. In addition, there has been little research on the impact of land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) on UHI, especially simulates future trends of LULCCs, UHI change, and dynamic relationship of LULCCs and UHI. The purpose of this research is to design a remote sensing-based framework that investigates and analyzes how the LULCCs in the process of urbanization affected thermal environment. In order to assess and predict the impact of LULCCs on urban heat environment, multitemporal remotely sensed data from 1986 to 2016 were selected as source data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods such as the CA-Markov model were employed to construct the proposed framework. The results showed that (1) there has been a substantial strength of urban expansion during the 40-year study period, (2) the farthest distance urban center of gravity moves from north-northeast (NEE) to west-southwest (WSW) direction, (3) the dominate temperature was middle level, sub-high level, and high level in the research area, (4) there was a higher changing frequency and range from east to west, and (5) there was a significant negative correlation between land surface temperature and vegetation and significant positive correlation between temperature and human settlement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GIS techniques in digital terrain model with temporal data: an approach based in the slope of the land surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gilberto Bertotti ◽  
Mauricio Camargo Filho ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Pelegrina ◽  
Marquiana Freitas Vilas Boas Gomes ◽  
Bruno Henrique Costa Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Digital Terrain

scholarly journals Digital Modeling Phenomenon Of Surface Ground Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Ioan Voina ◽  
Maricel Palamariu ◽  
Iohan Neuner ◽  
Tudor Salagean ◽  
Dumitru Onose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Work Area

With the development of specialized software applications it was possible to approach and resolve complex problems concerning automating and process optimization for which are being used field data. Computerized representation of the shape and dimensions of the Earth requires a detailed mathematical modeling, known as "digital terrain model". The paper aims to present the digital terrain model of Vulcan mining, Hunedoara County, Romania. Modeling consists of a set of mathematical equations that define in detail the surface of Earth and has an approximate surface rigorously and mathematical, that calculated the land area. Therefore, the digital terrain model means a digital representation of the earth's surface through a mathematical model that approximates the land surface modeling, which can be used in various civil and industrial applications in. To achieve the digital terrain model of data recorded using linear and nonlinear interpolation method based on point survey which highlights the natural surface studied. Given the complexity of this work it is absolutely necessary to know in detail of all topographic elements of work area, without the actions to be undertaken to project and manipulate would not be possible. To achieve digital terrain model, within a specialized software were set appropriate parameters required to achieve this case study. After performing all steps we obtained digital terrain model of Vulcan Mine. Digital terrain model is the complex product, which has characteristics that are equivalent to the specialists that use satellite images and information stored in a digital model, this is easier to use.

scholarly journals Subaqueous geomorphology: options, tasks, needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Stanisław Rudowski ◽  
Radosław Wróblewski ◽  
Janusz Dworniczak ◽  
Kazimierz Szefler ◽  
Benedykt Hac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
Echo Sounder

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to present the potentialities of current non-invasive methods for bottom surveys, including cartometric presentation of its relief and structure in both marine and inland reservoirs. The paper presents examples of results obtained in the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk during surveys carried out at the bottom of seas, lakes and rivers with the use of the same apparatus: primarily, a multibeam echosounder (MBES) to obtain a digital terrain model (DTM); a side-scan sonar (SSS) to obtain a general image of the nature of the bottom (its “roughness”); and seismic profiling (sub-bottom profiler, sediment echo sounder [SES]) to recognise the structure of the bottom. The obtained results constitute a necessary basis for carrying out further specialist surveys (non-invasive or invasive) when needed. Current bottom survey options that use MBES, SSS and SES may be treated as subaqueous equivalents of the subaerial potentialities of a land surface survey using LiDaR and GPR (Ground Penetration Radar).

Effects of model schematisation, geometry and parameter values on urban flood modelling

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Vojinovic ◽  
S. D. Seyoum ◽  
J. M. Mwalwaka ◽  
R. K. Price
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Flood Modelling ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Urban Flood Modelling

One-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic models have been used as a standard industry practice for urban flood modelling work for many years. More recently, however, model formulations have included a 1D representation of the main channels and a 2D representation of the floodplains. Since the physical process of describing exchanges of flows with the floodplains can be represented in different ways, the predictive capability of different modelling approaches can also vary. The present paper explores effects of some of the issues that concern urban flood modelling work. Impacts from applying different model schematisation, geometry and parameter values were investigated. The study has mainly focussed on exploring how different Digital Terrain Model (DTM) resolution, presence of different features on DTM such as roads and building structures and different friction coefficients affect the simulation results. Practical implications of these issues are analysed and illustrated in a case study from St Maarten, N.A. The results from this study aim to provide users of numerical models with information that can be used in the analyses of flooding processes in urban areas.

scholarly journals GERAÇÃO DE MODELO DIGITAL DO TERRENO E EXTRAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS GEOMORFOMÉTRICOS A PARTIR DE DADOS COLETADOS POR AERONAVES REMOTAMENTE PILOTADAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 247-264
Author(s):  
Otacílio Lopes de Souza da Paz ◽  
Tony Vinicius Moreira Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Aerial Survey ◽  
First Order ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Geomorphometric Parameters

A morfometria do relevo pode ser analisada pela extração de parâmetros geomorfométricos a partir de modelos digitais do terreno (MDT). MDT de alta resolução espacial pode ser obtido por aerolevantamento com aeronave remotamente pilotada (RPA). Objetiva-se gerar MDT a partir de aerolevantamento com RPA e analisar os parâmetros geomorfométricos extraídos. Foi realizado aerolevantamento com uma RPA modelo Phantom 4 Advanced em uma bacia de primeira ordem localizada a 3 km da cidade de Medianeira (oeste do Paraná). Os dados coletados foram processados no Agisoft PhotoScan 1.2.4. A nuvem de pontos gerada passou por filtragens e foi interpolada via krigagem no ArcGIS 10.1, resultando no MDT. Os parâmetros geomorfométricos foram extraídos no ArcGIS 10.1. A área de estudo apresenta em maior parte vertentes planar-retilíneas com declividade de até 5 graus e baixos valores de ITU. No vale do rio de primeira ordem, foram encontradas vertentes convergentes-côncavas marcadas por declividades de 5 a 9 graus, associado a altos valores de ITU. O MDT gerado permitiu a identificação de feições de detalhe observadas em campo. Conclui-se que dados coletados por RPA tem grande potencial para caracterização morfométrica em detalhe do relevo.   GENERATION OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL AND EXTRACTION OF GEOMORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS FROM DATA COLLECTED BY REMOTELY PILOT AIRCRAFT ABSTRACT The relief morphometry can be analyzed by the extraction of geomorphometric parameters from digital terrain models (MDT). High resolution MDT can be obtained by aero-surveys with remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). The objective is to generate MDT from aerial surveying with RPA and to analyze the extracted geomorphometric parameters. It was performed aerial survey with a RPA model Phantom 4 Advanced in a first order basin located 3 km from the city of Medianeira (western Paraná). The data collected was processed in Agisoft PhotoScan 1.2.4. The generated point cloud passed through filtering and was interpolated via kriging in ArcGIS 10.1, resulting in the MDT. The geomorphometric parameters were extracted in SAGA GIS 2.3.2. The study area presents mostly planar-rectilinear slopes with slopes of up to 5 degrees and low values of UTI. In the first-order river valley, convergent-concave slopes were found marked by slopes of 5 to 9 degrees, associated with high UTI values. The generated MDT allowed the identification of features observed in the field. In conclusion, that data collected by RPA has great potential for morphometric characterization in relief detail. Keywords: Geomorphology; Geomorphometry; Digital Relay Analysis; Topographical attributes.   GENERACIÓN DE MODELO DIGITAL DEL TERRENO Y EXTRACCIÓN DE PARÁMETROS GEOMORFOMÉTRICOS DE LOS DATOS RECOPILADOS POR LA AERONAVE PILOTO REMOTO RESUMEN  Se puede analizar la morfometría en relieve extrayendo parámetros geomorfométricos de los modelos digitales del terreno (MDT). El MDT de alta resolución espacial puede obtenerse mediante reconocimiento aéreo de aeronaves pilotadas a distancia (RPA). El objetivo es generar MDT a partir del levantamiento aéreo RPA y analizar los parámetros geomorfométricos extraídos. Se encuestó un modelo RPA Phantom 4 Advanced en una cuenca de primer orden ubicada a 3 km de la ciudad de Medianeira (oeste de Paraná). Los datos recopilados se procesaron en Agisoft PhotoScan 1.2.4. La nube de puntos generada se filtró y se interpoló a través de kriging en ArcGIS 10.1, lo que resultó en MDT. Los parámetros geomorfométricos se extrajeron en ArcGIS 10.1. El área de estudio tiene en su mayoría pendientes planas rectilíneas de hasta 5 grados y bajos valores de ITU. En el valle del río de primer orden, se encontraron pendientes cóncavas convergentes marcadas por pendientes de 5 a 9 grados, asociadas con altos valores de IU. Se concluye que los datos recopilados por RPA tienen un gran potencial para la caracterización morfométrica en detalle en relieve. Palabras-clave: Geomorfología; Geomorfometría; Análisis digital de socorro; Atributos topográficos.

MULTIDIRECTIONAL INTERPOLATION OF LIDAR DATA FROM SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY OLMEC SUBSISTENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-398
Author(s):  
Carolina Ramírez-Núñez ◽  
Ann Cyphers ◽  
Jean-François Parrot ◽  
Bernhard Höfle
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Sociopolitical Complexity ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Stone Sculpture ◽  
High Level

AbstractFrom their beginnings some 4,000 years ago to their decadence around 400 b.c., the Olmec people achieved a high level of sociopolitical complexity and dominated their native geographic territory, the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico. The first Olmec capital of San Lorenzo, Veracruz, was the only site in Mesoamerica that produced imposing monumental stone sculpture and architecture between 1800 and 1000 b.c. These characteristics reflect the capabilities of its centralized political system headed by hereditary rulers with divine legitimation. Key issues regarding the development of San Lorenzo Olmec culture center on subsistence and environment. The present study focuses on a portion of the landscape located immediately north of the first Olmec capital of San Lorenzo, Veracruz, that has been proposed as a key resource area during the development of the first civilization in Mesoamerica. We calculate the surface, volume, and water depth of this area based on archaeological data and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) derived from an airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey. The expected minimum and maximum area, local minimum altitude, and the DTM of 5-m spatial resolution provide a basis for inferences regarding the characteristics of the wetland ecosystem during Olmec times. The goal is to quantify and qualify the potential of this resource zone relying on LiDAR topography. Our models validate the observations in the field and, when combined with algorithms, they confirm the archaeological conclusions. We affirm that the northern plain in Olmec times was deeper than it is today and would have been a source of abundant aquatic resources for the primary subsistence of the early Olmec society.

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