scholarly journals Ko-infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dengan Mycobacterium leprae

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yuni Eka Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Hiv Negative

Human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) epidemic covers several countries with endemic leprosy without any significantincrease in the number of patients co-infected with HIV and leprosy, so it can be concluded that HIV-positive does notincrease the risk of developing leprosy. Clinicopathological spectrum of leprosy patients who are co-infected withHIV is not changed. Leprosy may be attributed to the presence of immune recovery syndrome after the administrationof highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Long-term incubation period and the low incidence of leprosy inpatients with HIV make prospective cohort or case-control studies on the prevalence of leprosy among a group of HIVpositive and HIV negative hardly possible to be performed. The benefit of this circumstance is the HIV pandemicdoes not become a nuisance of the effort to control leprosy. Further studies on the molecular pathogenesis of M.leprae and other mycobacterial can provide an understanding of the differences of the pathogenesis in patients withHIV infection.

scholarly journals Excisional lipectomy versus liposuction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
Natalie Barton ◽  
Ryan Moore ◽  
Karthik Prasad ◽  
Gregory Evans
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fat Redistribution ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Haart Therapy

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy is a known consequence of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a significant number of patients on HAART therapy were left with the stigmata of complications, including fat redistribution. Few studies have described the successful removal of focal areas of lipohypertrophy with successful outcomes. This manuscript reviews the outcomes of excisional lipectomy versus liposuction for HIV-associated cervicodorsal lipodystrophy.Methods We performed a 15-year retrospective review of HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy. Patients were identified by query of secure operative logs. Data collected included demographics, medications, comorbidities, duration of HIV, surgical intervention type, pertinent laboratory values, and the amount of tissue removed.Results Nine male patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy underwent a total of 17 procedures. Of the patients who underwent liposuction initially (n=5), 60% (n=3) experienced a recurrence. There were a total of three cases of primary liposuction followed by excisional lipectomy. One hundred percent of these cases were noted to have a recurrence postoperatively, and there was one case of seroma formation. Of the subjects who underwent excisional lipectomy (n=4), there were no documented recurrences; however, one patient’s postoperative course was complicated by seroma formation.Conclusions HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disfiguring complication of HAART therapy with significant morbidity. Given the limitations of liposuction alone as the primary intervention, excisional lipectomy is recommended as the primary treatment. Liposuction may be used for better contouring and for subsequent procedures. While there is a slightly higher risk for complications, adjunctive techniques such as quilting sutures and placement of drains may be used in conjunction with excisional lipectomy.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Function in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
C. O. Duru ◽  
J. M. Chinawa ◽  
B. F. Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection could present with varying degrees of cardiac abnormalities, however the effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has not been extensively studied in them. Objectives: To compare the ventricular functions of HIV positive children on HAART with that of HIV negative children using echocardiography.  Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional descriptive study involving 54 HIV positive children on HAART and 50 HIV negative controls. Using transthoracic echocardiography, trans annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Left ventricular fractionating shortening (LVFS), Left ventricular (LV) mitral inflow velocities, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were used to assess right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function. Results: The mean TAPSE for subjects and controls were 26.78±5.92mm and 25.82±3.59mm respectively (t = 1.0, p = 0.32). The prevalence of right ventricular systolic dysfunction using TAPSE was significantly higher among the subjects; 29.63% compared with 8.0% in controls (χ2 = 7.82, p=0.005). There was no significant correlation between TAPSE and CD4 counts (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.15, p = 0.31). The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in subjects was 141.6±45.5g/M2. Forty-one (75.9%) of the subjects had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMI > 103G/M2) compared with 26.0% (13/50) of the controls and the difference in proportion was significant (Chi-square = 30.49, p<0.001). Left ventricular systolic function was similar in subjects and controls. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in subjects (15.5%) than in controls (4.0%); {χ2 = 37.89, p<00.1) Conclusion: This study shows that children with HIV on HAART regimen have a very high prevalence of ventricular dysfunction compared with normal controls.

HIV-Specific Differences in Outcome of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Multicentric Cohort Study of HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 2550-2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Oehler-Jänne ◽  
Florence Huguet ◽  
Sawyna Provencher ◽  
Burkhardt Seifert ◽  
Laura Negretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Anal Carcinoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Negative

PurposeTo define clinical outcome after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of anal carcinoma in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Patients and MethodsA multicentric cohort comparison of 40 HIV-positive patients with HAART and 81 HIV-negative patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) or CRT was retrospectively performed. Local disease control (LC), relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), toxicity, and prognostic factors were investigated.ResultsHIV-positive patients were younger (mean age, 48 v 62 years; P < .0005), predominantly male (93% v 25%; P < .0005), and with early-stage (P = .06) and large-cell histology (90% v 67%; P = .005) disease. RT or CRT resulted in complete response in 92% (HIV positive) and 96% (HIV negative) of cases. Five-year OS was 61% (95% CI, 44% to 78%) in HIV-positive and 65% (95% CI, 53% to 77%) in HIV-negative patients (median follow-up, 36 months). Five-year LC was 38% (95% CI, 5% to 71%) in HIV-positive and 87% (95% CI, 79% to 95%) in HIV-negative patients (P = .008) compromising CSS and sphincter preservation. Grade 3/4 acute skin (35% v 17% [HIV negative]; P = .04) and hematologic (33% v 12% [HIV negative]; P = .08) toxicity together approximated 50% in HIV-positive patients. RFS in HIV-positive patients was associated with RT dose (P = .08) and severe acute skin toxicity (P = .04).ConclusionLong-term LC and acute toxicity represent major clinical challenges in HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma. Even if fluoropyrimidine-based CRT is feasible and may result in similar response rates and OS as in HIV-negative patients, improved treatment strategies with better long-term outcome are warranted.

Antiretroviral Treatment-Associated Labia Majora Lipohypertrophy: A Rare Case and Plastic Surgical Treatment Options

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Akmal Hisham ◽  
Devananthan Ilenghoven ◽  
Wan Syazli Wan Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Salina Ibrahim ◽  
Shah Jumaat Mohd Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Labia Majora ◽  
The Face ◽  
Central Fat

The emergence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the prognosis of HIV-infected patients. However, the extended use of HAART is associated with a disfiguring complication termed lipodystrophy, a disorder of body fat maldistribution causing peripheral fat loss (lipoatrophy) and central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy). Lipoatrophy commonly affects the face, legs, buttocks and arm, whilst lipohypertrophy frequently favours the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. To our knowledge, we present only the second documented case in the literature of a labia majora lipohypertrophy in a HIV-positive patient receiving long-term HAART. The severity of labial abnormality caused significant physical and functional morbidities. Labiaplasty with dermolipectomy of the labia majora and excisional lipectomy of the mons pubis was successfully performed. At a 6-month follow-up, patient had no recurrence with resolution of symptoms and resumption of normal activities of daily living (ADL).

Long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical lesions in HIV-positive women

AIDS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2136-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Uberti-Foppa ◽  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Sara Lodini ◽  
Salvatore Reina ◽  
Franco Ameglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Long Term Effect

Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Y. Chiao ◽  
Thomas P. Giordano ◽  
Peter Richardson ◽  
Hashem B. El-Serag
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Negative

Purpose To evaluate and determine predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era for HIV-positive and -negative individuals using large national Veterans Affairs (VA) Administration databases. Patients and Methods We used the VA administrative databases to perform a retrospective cohort study in 1,184 veterans diagnosed with SCCA between 1998 and 2004. We calculated HIV infection rates and used logistic regression to identify epidemiologic factors that were associated with HIV infection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to compare survival between HIV-positive and HIV-negative veterans. Results In our cohort, 175 patients (15%) were HIV positive. The median age of the HIV-negative and -positive patients was 63 and 49 years, respectively (P < .001). Individuals with HIV were eight times more likely to be male (P = .01) and three times more likely to be African American (P < .001). There were no differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the receipt of treatment. The 2-year observed survival rates were 77% and 75% among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. In multivariate Cox analysis, significant predictors of survival were age, sex, metastasis at diagnosis, and comorbidity score. HIV infection did not affect survival. Conclusion A noteworthy proportion of individuals with SCCA in the VA system are HIV positive. HIV-associated SCCA seems mainly to be a disease among younger men. Survival of SCCA is equivalent between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the HAART era. Treatment should not be withheld or deintensified based on HIV status.

scholarly journals Long-Term Treatment with Lopinavir-Ritonavir Induces a Reduction in Peripheral Adipose Depots in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3998-4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Prot ◽  
Laurence Heripret ◽  
Nathalie Cardot-Leccia ◽  
Christophe Perrin ◽  
Myriam Aouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lipodystrophic Syndrome

ABSTRACT Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients is associated with adverse effects, such as lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia. The lipodystrophic syndrome is characterized by a peripheral lipoatrophy and/or fat accumulation in the abdomen and neck. In order to get insights into the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this syndrome, we treated mice with protease inhibitors (PIs) over a long period of time. Although atazanavir-treated mice presented the same circulating triglyceride concentration as control mice, lopinavir-ritonavir-treated mice rapidly became hypertriglyceridemic, with triglyceride levels of 200 mg/dl, whereas control and atazanavir-treated animals had triglyceride levels of 80 mg/dl. These results obtained with mice reproduce the metabolic disorder observed in humans. White adipose tissue (WAT) was analyzed after 8 weeks of treatment. Compared to the control or atazanavir treatment, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment induced a significant 25% weight reduction in the peripheral inguinal WAT depot. By contrast, the profound epididymal WAT depot was not affected. This effect was associated with a 5.5-fold increase in SREBP-1c gene expression only in the inguinal depot. Our results demonstrate that the long-term treatment of mice with PIs constitutes an interesting experimental model with which some aspects of the lipoatrophy induced by HAART in humans may be studied.

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