Global quinoa market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Kurenkova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Kukharenkova
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The data on the area under crops of quinoa, the yield and production volume of this crop in the main producing countries, as well as information on the volume of imports and the cost of quinoa grain in the world market are presented.

STUDY OF THE SPECIFICITY OF THE INTERACTION OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV. VICEA STRAINS WITH PLANTS PEAS AND RANKS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Krasichkova ◽  
◽  
O.G. Volobueva
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The data on the area under crops of quinoa, the yield and production volume of this crop in the main producing countries, as well as information on the volume of imports and the cost of quinoa grain in the world market are presented.

FRUIT AND BERRIES WORLD PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445-1464
Author(s):  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

scholarly journals The Solar Explosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Amiyo K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
World Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Abstract There were two breakthroughs that led to a veritable revolution in photovoltaic prices. The commonly told story is that China started manufacturing lower-quality panels and dumped them on the world market at prices near (or even below) the cost of production. The truth is more complicated. Chinese manufacturing at scale played a part, but so did German industrial policy and a focus on improving the complete power system, not just the PV cells.

scholarly journals Power Window

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (04) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Winters
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Identity ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Consumption Curve

This article analyzes the energy identity crisis in some oil-producing countries. It highlights that the retail price for gasoline in countries such as Libya, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Yemen was at or below the cost on the world market of the petroleum needed to produce it. However, Egypt went from an exporter of more than 300,000 barrels of oil a day in 1999 to a net importer beginning in 2009. And as a consequence, the prices for gasoline in Egypt went from below the raw material cost in 2006 to being comparable to those in the United States. Tunisia shifted from an exporter to an importer in 2000. Thanks to strong consumption growth, Bahrain has also seen its exports plummet from more than 30,000 barrels a day in the 1990s to around 3500 today. The Saudi consumption curve is climbing at about 4% per year, and unless the country can raise production above 11 million barrels a day, its exports will disappear by 2050.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS OF THE RUSSIAN ROCKET AND SPACE INDUSTRY PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
A. R. Shiryaeva ◽  
E. A. Rozhanskaia
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
New Business ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Space is not only a place of international cooperation, but also a place for competition. The failures that accompanied the key player in the market, the United States, have recently stimulated NASA's ambitious commercial space program which has enabled a successful partnership with two American companies. This new business model should not only reduce the cost of flights, but also create a basis for further space exploration. In order to create sustainable economic growth in Russia, it seems necessary to develop the whole range of priority areas. One of the most promising is the rocket and space industry. The reasons are the large turnover, experience and unique technological competencies. We believe that Russia will succeed in case it activates internal reserves of a country and wisely uses global market opportunities. Technical and technological development of the rocket and space and related industries will strengthen the state’s position in the world market and will enhance the international competitiveness of Russian enterprises. In this article, authors analyze the current state of the Russian and world space markets, evaluate the performance of RSC «Energia», formulate proposals for modernization of company's activities that will help Russia strengthen and expand its positions among the global players.

scholarly journals The ways to increase the profitability of transportation due to modernization

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Nadiia ANTYPENKO ◽  
Olena RYBAK ◽  
Yuliia PYROZHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of Ukrainian aviation enterprises. The paper analyzes the state of the world air transportation market, determines the place of Ukraine on it. The trends in the aviation services market for the first quarter of 2017-2020 are revealed. The urgency and necessity of modernization of Ukrainian enterprises is due to a number of factors: significant structural and technological backwardness, a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets and a significant level of capital and material consumption of equipment; low standard of living and purchasing power of the population; unsatisfactory state of innovation system and market infrastructure. The purpose of the paper is to increase the relative efficiency of the airline by bringing the active part of fixed assets in line with the new conditions and requirements. Results. The fall of the passenger transportation market is determined. The increase in the cost of air cargo was tracked. When studying the current state and trends in the development of the industry, the post-COVID-19 factors were identified, which led to a change in the cost of freight transportation. Conclusion. Taking into account the indicated tendencies and operating conditions in the world market and the Ukrainian air transportation market, an algorithm for modernization is proposed, within the framework of which the tactical goals of the aviation enterprise are indicated, the result of the implementation of which should be an increase in the profitability of freight traffic. The results of the work of theoretical and practical aspects of modernization of air cargo in Ukraine gave grounds to draw the following conclusions: modernization of Ukrainian airlines should be carried out at the micro level in order to increase the profitability of operating activities; the level of profitability of the airline can be influenced by both internal and external factors; the change in the coefficient depends on the general economic situation of the country or the world, the level of inflation, the devaluation of the national currency, organizational and technical problems in production, the volume of services sold, etc.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of the Helium Industry in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Genrietta Rusetskaya ◽  
Alexander Yuryshev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The transition to an innovative way of development in the gas industry is associated with deep, comprehensive processing of natural gas, the start-up of manufacturing products with high added value. In terms of proven reserves of natural gas, Russia ranks number one in the world, the demand is constantly growing both at the domestic market and for exports. Natural and associated petroleum gases of many oil and gas condensate fields in Russia are multicomponent systems that contain a number of components important for the gas chemical industry (ethane, propane, butane, etc.). The most valuable of these is helium. The purpose of this work is to study the problems and prospects for the development of the helium industry in Russia and in the world. Using the methods of economic analysis, generalization and synthesis, the authors estimated the volume of reserves of helium-saturated gases in the fields of the country and Eastern Siberia, the state of helium production, the potential for using helium in the sectors of the Russian economy, the possibility and conditions of competitive entry into the world market. As a result, they detected Russia’s technological inferiority in a number of industries, coming from the low demand for helium, the location of potential consumers far from production centers, the high cost of helium production, the lack of reliable methods of its transportation, etc. At the same time, full-scale helium demand satisfaction of Russian industries is associated with the construction of the Amur Gas Processing Plant. The demand for helium in the countries of the world is constantly growing, an increase in consumption is observed in traditional industries and in the field of innovative technologies. The US dominance in the production of helium is gradually declining due to the depletion of some deposits. The authors make a conclusion that after 2030 Russia can satisfy domestic consumption of helium to bring the industry to an effective economic and environmental level and, while reducing the cost of production, become a major participant in its world market.

The Terms of Trade as a Tax on Agriculture: Hungary's Trade with Austria, 1883–1913

1972 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Eddie
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Protection of a domestic manufacturing industry to encourage its expansion through import substitution is equivalent (in the absence of equal protection for agriculture) to a “tax” on agriculture to support the development of the industrial sector. To call this policy of biasing the intersectoral terms of trade to favor industry a typical strategy of underdeveloped countries would be, if anything, to understate its universality. The arguments for and against such a strategy are well known, and an approximation of the benefits to the industrial sector can be gleaned from the national accounts of many countries. What remains hidden in the accounts, however, is the cost to the agricultural sector as a result of its being forced to trade at less favorable terms of trade than those provided by the world market. The purpose of this paper is to work out a simple methodology for measuring this cost and then to attempt an estimate of the cost in a particular case.

scholarly journals As indústrias têxtil e do vestuário na Comunidade Económica Europeia. Os novos factores de competitividade

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (59/60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Pires
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

THE EEC TEXTILE AND CLOTHING INDUSTRIES, THE NEW COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES - In spite of using new technologies, the textile and clothing industries remain intensive in workforce and thus sensitive to wage costs. The European firms must therefore find other competitive advantages based on product differentiation, quality and design. German and Italian T&C industries are good examples of how quality and design can help "mature" industries maintain a successful place in the world market. Nevertheless, the cost of production remains a problem. The use of the outwear processing traffic (OPT) allows the European textile industry to mantain the quality patterns of its products, profiting from cheap workforce. This more advantageous situation is due both to innovation and to low production costs.

Russia in the global market of Space technologies, industry and services

2021 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Igor Groshev
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Space Tourism ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Space Economy ◽  
The Cost

The modern components of the Space economy are considered and it is pointed out that it is not only a specific part of the world economy, but also a large, promising business that is dynamically developing in parallel with globalization. The authors point out to the fact, that some sectors of the Space economy, in-cluding Space tourism, earn substantial income, so there is a great potential for profitability of this business. The article analyzes in detail commercial activities in manned space exploration and the current trends in its development. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the development of space tourism in Russia and its commercial potential. Some aspects of Russian private space tourism are considered which might ensure competitiveness in the world market of space ser-vices in the future. The ways of reducing the cost of space flights are analyzed. The factors, features and the development of the space tourism market are shown. It is concluded that the development of Space tourism in Russia is gain-ing popularity, and the era of space technologies, industry and services will de-velop intensively, providing humanity with the opportunity to explore outer space.

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