FRUIT AND BERRIES WORLD PRODUCTION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445-1464
Author(s):  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

Latin American countries and Russia in the international trade of the main tropical fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Rafail R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
Ana Isabel Fedorchuk Mac-Eachen ◽  
Gulnara K. Dzhancharova ◽  
Nikolay G. Platonovskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

The orientation of a part of the population of economically developed countries to a healthy diet, the spread of ideas of vegetarianism, concern for the environment, and relatively higher incomes contributed to an increase in demand for fruits, berries and nuts of tropical and subtropical origin. Some of them, in particular bananas, oranges, tangerines, lemons, have become common food products and practically everyday consumption for the majority of the population of developed countries in the last quarter of the 20th century. In the future, some other types of fresh fruit and berry products from the tropics and subtropics (for example, pineapple, kiwi, avocado) gradually, due to increased production and international trade, also became more economically available to the ordinary consumer. Based on the analysis of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1961-2019, the article shows a number of trends in international trade (for exports) of major tropical fruits are reflected, with a deeper look at the participation of Latin American countries in this process. It was revealed that some states of this region, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Brazil, Chile, occupy significant positions in the supply of bananas, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya to the world market. Currently, Russia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of imports of fruit and berry products, therefore, the issue of its participation as a subject of demand in the world tropical fruit market is raised.

POTATOES AND VEGETABLES PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD AND IN THE MAJOR COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287-1303
Author(s):  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The World ◽  
World Ranking ◽  
Fourth Position ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Potato and vegetable growing are important branches of agriculture; they are of particular importance in some countries of the world. Potatoes and vegetables are an essential part of the adequate food supply for the population of many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the changes in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - the twenty largest producers of potatoes and vegetables in 2018. A number of trends were identified, in particular, it was noted that in 2018, the global gross harvest of potatoes, compared to 1961, increased only 1.36 times, while that of vegetables - 5.51 times. At the same time, there was a change in the positions of states in the corresponding world ranking of countries, which are the major producers of these products. In absolute terms, China and India have significantly increased the production of potatoes and vegetables, and therefore their share in the global gross harvest of these types of products has grown significantly. In some traditional producers of potatoes and vegetables, these indicators have declined. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes and vegetables. As for Russia, our country is gradually losing its position in potato production: in 1993, instead of our country, China moved up to the first place in terms of its gross harvest, and in 2004, India moved to the second place. Until 2016, Russia ranked third in the global ranking, but in 2017-2018. Ukraine moved it to the fourth position. With regard to the production of vegetables, similar trends can be noted, while in 1992 our country was ranked seventh in the world in terms of their gross harvest, and in 2018 it was the tenth. We believe that in order to ensure food independence of our country, to develop national markets for potatoes and vegetables, and to increase the export potential of domestic potato and vegetable growing, it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of potatoes and vegetables in agricultural organizations in Russia.

Russia in the World Production and Market of Potatoes and Fruit and Vegetable Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Agirbov ◽  
◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In 1961-2018 in the world as a whole, the gross harvest of potatoes increased from 290.6 million tons to 368.2 million tons, that is, 1.36 times. Over the same period, the production of vegetables and food melons increased from 197.7 million tons to 1,088.8 million tons (5.51 times), and fruits and berries from 199.9 million tons to 867.8 million tons (4.34 times). In a number of states in 1992-2018 the corresponding increase significantly exceeded the average values for the world as a whole, as a result of which their place in the global ranking increased, and the positions of some traditional producers of potatoes and fruits and vegetables decreased. For example, in terms of gross harvest of potatoes in 1992, Russia was in first place, and Poland was in third, while in 2018 they were in 4th and 9th positions, respectively. In terms of vegetable production, Italy and Japan were displaced from 4th and 5th places, which were taken by Turkey and Nigeria. In terms of gross harvests of fruits and berries, Turkey occupied the fifth position in total world production by 2018, although in 1992 it belonged to Italy. Quantitative and qualitative changes inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. Processes in foreign economic liberalization and economic integration contributed to an increase in the specialization and concentration of production of relevant plants in countries with more favorable natural and climatic conditions, as well as a gradual increase in demand for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries from a number of states, including those that used to meet the needs of their population in large volumes at the expense of their own producers. The Russian Federation is one of the significant players in the world potato and fruit and vegetable market. Despite the increase in gross fruit and vegetable production in recent years, Russia’s positions in the global rating dropped from 7th to 10th place in vegetables and melons, from 20th to 31st place in fruits and berries. As for potatoes, there was a decrease in the volume of its production, as a result, Russia dropped from 1st place in 1992 to 4th place in 2018.

Foreign exchange earnings of the countries of the world from international trade in fruit and berry products

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Rafail R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
◽  
Nikolay G. Platonovskiy ◽  
Akhmed M. Khezhev ◽  
Tatiyana V. Ostapchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Order ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Stability

In the context of the modern global financial world order, an important element of the stability of the national monetary unit of the overwhelming majority of countries in the world, especially developing countries, is foreign exchange earnings. For some countries with favorable natural and climatic conditions, the production, processing and export of agricultural products plays a significant role in the overall structure of foreign exchange earnings in the country. The constantly increasing demand from consumers for fruits, berries, nuts and their processed products allows economic entities of national fruit and berry subcomplexes to increase the volume of growing and exporting these types of products. This study analyzes the change in the volume of exports and imports of fruit and berry products in value terms for the period 2010-2019. It is revealed that some states, being the largest exporters of fruits, berries, nuts and products of their processing, occupy significant positions in the import of these types of products from abroad. Based on the author’s calculations, the top 30 countries of the world have been compiled in terms of net foreign exchange earnings from international trade in this type of product. According to this indicator, the first line with a level of $ 7.506 billion was occupied by Spain, while it increased it by $ 1.675 billion over 10 years. As for Russia, despite the counter-sanctions against the countries of the European Union and some other countries of the world, as well as the ongoing policy of import substitution, including in domestic gardening, it continues to be one of the main importers of fruits, berries, nuts and their processing products in the world. Thus, our country supports both foreign producers and other commercial structures that carry out the processes of commodity circulation of fruit and berry products, and the receipt of foreign exchange earnings in these powers.

International Wheat Council

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Price Supports ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World

The International Wheat Council held its 31st session in London from November 7 to 19, 1960, for the purpose of reviewing the world wheat situation in accordance with article 21 of the 1959 International Wheat Agreement. The meeting was attended by representatives of 29 member countries and by observers from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the European Economic Community. According to the press, the results of the second annual review, published on December 12, 1960, revealed that although climatic conditions had created unusually favorable preconditions for an expansion of the world wheat trade during 1960–61, the world surplus at the end of the season was expected to be larger than ever. The press reported that the cause of the wheat surplus problem was government intervention in production, pricing, and trading. Government measures introduced during and shortly after World War II to meet supply deficiencies in a war-disrupted world had been allowed to continue in effect, although the years since the war had seen growing surpluses. According to reports, there had been few changes in national policies affecting producer price supports in 1960; among 25 cases classified by the Council, supports had been reduced in only two instances, while in six instances they had been raised and in seventeen they had remained unchanged. In the four main wheat exporting countries—the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Australia—the end-of-season carry-overs as of July 31 were expected to reach an unprecedented total of 60.4 million metric tons, 37.3 million metric tons over the normal stock surplus. The ultimate solution of wheat surplus problems, concluded the press, depended on a growing adjustment of national wheat policies to international realities.

Technologies and machines for the production of potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
И.Н. Гаспарян ◽  
А.Г. Левшин ◽  
И.Г. Голубев ◽  
С.В. Щиголев ◽  
Ш.В. Гаспарян
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

В статье проанализирован мировой рынок с.-х. техники, ее особенности совершенствования за счет усложнения конструкций и активного внедрения технологий точного земледелия. Рассмотрены вопросы изменения российского парка сельхозмашин, который продолжительное время идет на спад по всем основным видам техники. Число тракторов в российском парке сократилось на 18,4%, комбайнов на 16,2%, в том числе картофелеуборочных машин. Сокращение имеющейся в отечественном парке сельхозтехники закономерно снижает обеспеченность сельхозмашинами в пересчете на 1000 га пахотной площади. Более детально рассмотрены применяемые механизированные технологии возделывания картофеля в РФ и необходимая для этого специальная техника, так как при выборе технологии необходимо учитывать всю систему машин от посадки до уборки. Дана характеристика основных распространенных в России механизированных технологий возделывания картофеля: традиционной, голландской, грядово-ленточной, гриммовской, гребневой. Представлена информация по технологическим процессам посадки и уборки, на которые приходится значительная часть эксплуатационных и трудовых затрат. Для реализации этих технологических процессов требуется использовать специальную технику, которая сильно разнится по производительности и особенностям применения в различных климатических условиях и объемах производства. В качестве примера использования комплекса такой техники охарактеризована система производства в крупнотоварном хозяйстве, ЗАО «Озеры» (Московская область). Потребность в технике для картофелеводства остается высокой и необходимо развивать отечественное машиностроение с учетом мировых достижений в этой области. The article analyzes the world market of agricultural machinery, its features of improvement due to the complication of designs and the active introduction of precision farming technologies. The issues of changing the Russian fleet of agricultural machinery are considered, which has been declining for a long time in all major types of equipment. The number of tractors in the Russian fleet decreased by 18.4%, combines by 16.2%, including potato harvesters. The reduction of agricultural machinery available in the domestic fleet naturally reduces the availability of agricultural machinery in terms of 1000 ha of arable land. The mechanized technologies of potato cultivation in the Russian Federation and the special equipment required for this are considered in more detail, since when choosing a technology, it is necessary to take into account the entire system of machines from planting to harvesting. The characteristics of the main mechanized technologies of potato cultivation common in Russia is given: traditional, Dutch, ridge-ribbon, Grimme, comb technologies. Information is provided on the technological processes of planting and harvesting, which account for a significant part of the operating and labor costs. To implement these technological processes, it is required to use special equipment, which varies greatly in performance and application characteristics in various climatic conditions and production volumes. As an example of the use of a complex of such equipment, the production system in a large-scale farm, CJSC Ozery (Moscow region), is described. The need for equipment for potato growing remains high and it is necessary to develop domestic mechanical engineering, taking into account the world achievements in this area.

Food and Agriculture Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Price ◽  
World Market ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Director General ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
20Th Session

CouncilThe 20th session of the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization was held in Rome from September 27 through October 8, 1954, under the chairmanship of Mr. G. Ugo Papi (Italy). The Council considered various aspects of the world food situation and heard an oral report by the Director-General (Cardon) on the 1953–1954 crop year and prospects for 1954–1955. Mr. Cardon reported that, while agricultural production in the world as a whole had increased at a pace faster than the rate of population increase, the increase had been uneven, both in terms of geographical distribution and in terms of crops and commodities produced. The situation had now been reached, Mr. Cardon observed, where the need to expand agriculture existed in one part of the world while serious surpluses existed elsewhere. Another disturbing feature, Mr. Cardon noted, was that the somewhat eased problem of surpluses of some commodities had resulted from decreased production rather than increased consumption. The over-all stability of the price of agricultural products had been a striking feature of the past year, Mr. Cardon added, resulting mainly from the fact that the main surplus stocks were under government control and had not been unloaded in an uncoordinated way on the world market. One serious problem which Mr. Cardon pointed out was that, while the wholesale price had followed the international price closely, retail prices had been rigid. Mr. Cardon emphasized that in order for the benefits of programs for agricultural efficiency to be realized, marketing and processing would also have to be rationalized.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD MARKET OF SERVICES IN TURBULENCE CONDITIONS AND CHANGES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Nosach ◽  
◽  
Victoria Morgun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

The author's research of the current state and features of the development of the world market for services in conditions of turbulence of world processes was carried; the world leaders of the service sector in the global dimension and leaders of the most dynamic articles of service categories were identified; the share of world exports of services by countries by the level of their economic development was justified; weaknesses in the assessment of indicators of international trade in services were identified; the research is based on UNCTAD statistics.

scholarly journals Social Change through Entrepreneurship: Utilizing Portable Sawmill Based Small Businesses to Promote Community Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Lupo
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

Reduced demand for wood and wood products resulting from the economic crisis in the first decade of the 2000s severely impacted the forest industry throughout the world, causing large forest-based organizations to close (CBC News, 2008; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009; Pepke, 2009). The result was a dramatic increase in unemployment and worker displacement among forest product workers between 2011 and 2013 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). Forested rural communities often depended on the large-scale forest industry for their livelihood, and as a result, decreased reliance on large-scale industry became increasingly important (Lupo, 2015). This article explores portable-sawmill-based entrepreneurship as an opportunity to promote social change in the local community. Results indicated that portable-sawmill-based small businesses created community development opportunities, which promoted social change in the larger community through farm business expansion, conservation efforts to improve local community development, and niche market creation in the local or larger community.

scholarly journals [Legal Issues in Food Securities Analysis from The Perspective of Tasawur Islam] Isu Perundangan Dalam Sekuriti Makanan Analisis Dari Perspektif Tasawur Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Nurul Suhada Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Food

The explosion of technology allows more manufacture food and variety in the market. However, the massive quantity of food is not essential measure of economic progress because the quality of food is more important when producing food. In realizing food quality along with food quantities, various legal issues related to food security have been arisen. Thus, this paper will be examine the legal issues related to food security from the Islamic perspective worldview. Using a study of documents released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and content analysis, there are several legislative issues that have been found regarding food security. Such issues include aspects of food production, exploitation of natural resources, trade, and rights to the food. The apparent impact of these issues has undermined food security and food access, thus prompting food security in various parts of the world. Through an analysis of Islamic worldview, this paper presents the preservation of habluminallah and habluminannas relationships as a basis for addressing the issues discussed. Ledakan teknologi membolehkan bahan makanan dihasilkan dengan lebih banyak dan pelbagai di pasaran. Namun demikian, kuantiti makanan yang banyak bukan ukuran kemajuan ekonomi yang hakiki kerana kualiti makanan lebih utama untuk diambil kira dalam menghasilkan makanan. Dalam merealisasikan kualiti seiring dengan kuantiti makanan, pelbagai isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan telah timbul. Menyedari perkara berkenaan, makalah ini akan meneliti isu perundangan yang berkaitan sekuriti makanan daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Dengan menggunakan kajian ke atas dokumen yang dikeluarkan oleh Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian (Food and Agriculture Organization) (FAO) dan analisis kandungan, terdapat beberapa isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan yang ditemui. Isu tersebut merangkumi aspek pengeluaran makanan, eksploitasi sumber alam, perdagangan, serta hak terhadap makanan. Kesan ketara isu-isu tersebut telah menjejaskan jaminan keselamatan makanan dan akses makanan sekali gus menggugah sekuriti makanan di pelbagai bahagian dunia. Melalui analisis daripada tasawur Islam, makalah ini mengemukakan pemeliharaan hubungan habluminallah dan habluminannas sebagai asas mengatasi isu-isu yang dibincangkan.

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