Analysis for optimization of spiral reinforcement in pre-fabricated bridge columns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubos Rehounek ◽  
Jan Cervenka ◽  
Radomír Pukl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Bridge Columns ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Cyclic Response ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Rectangular Columns

<p>Savings and optimization in the use of steel and concrete can significantly contribute to the reduction of CO2 emission and energy consumption, promoting a greener environment for the place we live. It has been shown that the use of multi-spiral reinforcement (MSR) in square or rectangular columns can significantly save the amount of steel for transverse reinforcement and yet can still achieve a higher structural performance than conventional tie reinforcement. The paper presents a validation of a numerical model for nonlinear analysis of novel multi-spiral reinforcement in prefabricated columns. The validated model will be used for the subsequent studies and optimization of the spiral reinforcement location, diameter and pitch. Selected arrangements of the multi-spiral reinforcements have been analysed to demonstrate their effectiveness in static and cyclic response.</p>

Cyclic response of I-shaped bridge columns with substandard transverse reinforcement

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 642-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Anzlin ◽  
Matej Fischinger ◽  
Tatjana Isakovic
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Columns ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Cyclic Response

EERI Annual Student Paper Award Confinement of Rectangular Bridge Columns in Moderate Seismic Areas

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadim Wehbe
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Bridge Columns ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Displacement Ductility ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Student Paper ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Lateral Reinforcement ◽  
Constant Axial Load ◽  
Rectangular Columns

The work presented in this paper examines the ductility and behavior of rectangular reinforced concrete bridge columns with moderate confinement. Four half-scaled rectangular columns were built and tested. The transverse reinforcement ratios provided in the strong direction of the column specimens corresponded to 46 percent and 60 percent of the minimum lateral reinforcement required by AASHTO for seismic detailing. Each specimen was tested under constant axial load while subjected to quasi-static cyclic lateral loading in the column strong direction. The axial load indexes were 10 percent and 25 percent. The specimens exhibited displacement ductilities ranging between 5 and 7. Based on analytical and experimental results, a simple design equation relating the amount of confinement steel to attainable displacement ductility was developed.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh ◽  
Miguel Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

scholarly journals Development of Detailed FE Numerical Models for Assessing the Replacement of Metal with Composite Materials Applied to an Executive Aircraft Wing

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Valerio Acanfora ◽  
Roberto Petillo ◽  
Salvatore Incognito ◽  
Gerardo Mario Mirra ◽  
Aniello Riccio
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Liquid Resin Infusion ◽  
Process Constraints

This work provides a feasibility and effectiveness analysis, through numerical investigation, of metal replacement of primary components with composite material for an executive aircraft wing. In particular, benefits and disadvantages of replacing metal, usually adopted to manufacture this structural component, with composite material are explored. To accomplish this task, a detailed FEM numerical model of the composite aircraft wing was deployed by taking into account process constraints related to Liquid Resin Infusion, which was selected as the preferred manufacturing technique to fabricate the wing. We obtained a geometric and material layup definition for the CFRP components of the wing, which demonstrated that the replacement of the metal elements with composite materials did not affect the structural performance and can guarantee a substantial advantage for the structure in terms of weight reduction when compared to the equivalent metallic configuration, even for existing executive wing configurations.

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