Design of floating bridge girders against accidental ship collision loads

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Bridge Girder ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project “Ferry free coastal route E39” which includes replacing ferry crossings by bridges or tunnels across fjords in Western Norway. A floating bridge concept was proposed in the fjord-crossing project for Bjørnefjorden. As there are regular cruise routes passing by the bridge, it raises the concern for the consequences of accidental ship collision with the bridge girder. During the collision, the interactions between the bridge girder and the ship structure can be significant. Thus, in the design of the proposed bridge it is vital to evaluate the safety of the ship and the bridge. In this paper, detailed finite element models of a cruise ship and a steel box girder are developed. The impact scenarios and structural damages are studied. The results show that the proposed bridge girder design is generally safe to resist normal accidental ship collision loads. Numerical model of the whole bridge is also developed for further study of bridge global response subjected to ship collision load.

Ship Collision Analysis of a Floating Bridge in Ferry-Free E39 Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Ship Collision

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project ‘Ferry free coastal route E39’ which includes replacing ferry crossings by bridges or tunnels across eight fjords in Western Norway. Since most of the fjords are wide and deep, traditional fixed links are not possible to be constructed. Therefore, floating bridge and tunnel concepts are proposed for the fjord-crossing project. Because floating bridges and tunnels have many structural components close to the water surface, a critical concern of accidental ship collision loads is then raised. Considering the large displacement and high speed of the passing ships, the interactions between the bridge structure and the ship bow can be significant should collision occurs. It is therefore important to carefully evaluate bridge response subjected to ship collision loads in the design process. This paper presents a case study of ship collision analysis of the floating bridge concept for Bjørnafjorden. Two possible collision scenarios, i.e. ship-pontoon and ship-girder collisions, are considered. First, local structural deformation and damage are numerically investigated by detailed finite element models using LS-DYNA. Second, bridge global response under ship collision loads are simulated in USFOS. By combining the local and global analyses, a comprehensive overview of bridge response under ship collision load can be obtained.

The Influence of Different Scenarios of Supply Ship Collision on the Dynamic Response of a North-Sea Jacket-Pile-Soil System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reza Emami Azadi
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Jacket Platform ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the influence of various scenarios of supply ship collisions, namely, bow, stern and also broad-side impacts on a jacket-pile-soil system is investigated. In the previous study of ship impact on an 8-leg North-Sea Jacket Platform by Amdahl et al. [2] and also other authors, the effect of jacket-pile-soil interaction was not considered. The collision points on the jacket structure are also taken as joints and mid-span of leg, horizontal and vertical braces, namely, hard and soft impact points. The speed and the weight of the colliding vessel are also varied for typical supply vessels. Several supply ship collision analyses are carried out for bow, stern and broad-side impact scenarios on an 8-leg North-sea Jacket platform It is observed that by taking into account the jacket-pile-soil interaction effects, in particular in softer clay soils the amplitude of displacement response after supply ship impact at the deck level is increased due to yield in the upper soil layers. Contrary to this finding, less linear dynamic effects can be seen in the studied jacket-pile-soil system subjected to the supply ship impact. It can also be concluded that for soft impact scenario, the dynamic effects in the global response of the platform located in the mainly OC clayey soil may be much less than those for hard impact scenario on the same platform. For instance, for a brace impact at its mid-span, a less significant dynamic effect has been observed than for a leg impact. The duration of impact in such cases is shown to play an important role in determining the dynamic influence of the platform response. The relative energy absorption of the platform is shown to be more for broad-side loading. It is shown that the global response of the jacket platform during the collision with a supply vessel might depend largely on the scenario of the impact and to some extent on the pile-soil behavior. It is found that for the bow and stern impact scenarios, the energy contribution of the local member dent or buckling might be more significant than for the broad-side loading for which the global frame energy contribution and the overall inertia effect of the platform might be a dominant factor.

Dynamic Test and Analysis of Curved Steel Box Girder Bridges

2005 ◽  
Vol 1928 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhou Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curved Steel

This paper presents experimental and analytical impact factors for two existing curved steel box girder bridges. A Florida Department of Transportation test truck with a total weight of 468.8 kN applied the dynamic loading. The truck speed was incrementally increased from crawl to design speed. To evaluate the test results, the truck was simulated as a nonlinear vehicle model with 15 degrees of freedom. The bridge deck surface was assumed to be good and was simulated as a random process. Test and analytical results show that the impact factors of torsion are normally less than 30%, as are the impact factors of bending moment for bridges with span lengths less than 39 m. The impact factors of vertical shear are generally less than 15%, as are the impact factors of bending moment for bridges with span lengths greater than 50 m. The current AASHTO Guide Specifications for Horizontally Curved Highway Bridges appears to overestimate the dynamic loading of curved steel box girder bridges, especially for bridges with span lengths greater than 50 m. The research results are instructive and applicable to both bridge design and bridge load rating.

The Influence of Different Scenarios of Supply Ship Collision on the Dynamic Response of a North-Sea Jacket-Pile-Soil System

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Emami Azadi
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Jacket Platform ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the influence of various scenarios of supply ship collisions, namely, bow, stern, and also broad-side impacts on a jacket-pile-soil system, is investigated. In the previous study of ship impact on an eight-leg North-Sea jacket platform by Amdahl and other authors, the effect of jacket-pile-soil interaction was not considered. The collision points on the jacket structure are also taken as joints and midspan of leg, horizontal and vertical braces, namely, hard and soft impact points. The speed and the weight of the colliding vessel are also varied for typical supply vessels. Several supply ship collision analyses are carried out for bow, stern and broad-side impact scenarios on an eight-leg North-Sea jacket platform. It is observed that by taking into account the jacket-pile-soil interaction effects, particularly in softer clayey soils, the amplitude of displacement response after the supply ship impact at the deck level is increased due to yield in the upper soil layers. Contrary to this finding, less linear dynamic effects can be seen in the studied jacket-pile-soil system subjected to the supply ship impact. It can also be concluded that for a soft impact scenario, the dynamic effects in the global response of the platform located in the mainly over-consolidated (OC) clayey soil may be much less than those for a hard impact scenario on the same platform. For instance, for a brace impact at its midspan, a less significant dynamic effect has been observed than for a leg impact. The duration of impact in such cases is shown to play an important role in determining the dynamic influence of the platform response. The relative energy absorption of the platform is shown to be more for broad-side loading. It is shown that the global response of the jacket platform during the collision with a supply vessel might depend largely on the scenario of the impact and, to some extent, on the pile-soil behavior. It is found that for the bow and stern impact scenarios, the energy contribution of the local member dent or buckling might be more significant than that for the broad-side loading for which the global frame energy contribution and the overall inertia effect of the platform might be a dominant factor.

Geometry Control of The Steel Box Girder of Jiashao Bridge at The Fabrication Stage

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 1255-1259
Author(s):  
Shao Min Jia ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xiang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Bridge Girder ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Girder

The fabrication precision of steel box girder segments is critical to ensure the erection of girder segments is smooth. Taken Jiashao bridge as the research subject, based on geometry control theory, control elements of a steel box girder and control method were introduced, and measured data in the fabrication control of Jiashao bridge girder was given. Control practice shows the erection of the girder is smooth due to the precise control of steel box girder segments at the fabrication stage, and the profile of main girder at completion stage can achieve smoothly the design profile.

Study on Influence of Temperature to Section Deformation of Steel Box Girder during Cantilever Installation

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Zhong San Li ◽  
Jun Qing Lei ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Yun Xiao ◽  
Dao Jin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Flat Steel ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Steel Box Girder Bridge ◽  
The Impact

Because of solar radiation and the atmospheric temperature rise, the temperature change of the steel box girder bridge be larger. Thermal conductivity and sensitivity to the temperature change of steel is very good. The impact of temperature effect can be compared with the dead and live load under certain circumstances. Taking a bridge as example, the relative deformation of flat steel box-shaped girder is analyzed with the finite element analysis software. The results can be reference for other bridges.

scholarly journals Improving Near Miss Detection in Maritime Traffic in the Northern Baltic Sea from AIS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Lei Du ◽  
Osiris A. Valdez Banda ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Pentti Kujala ◽  
Weibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Behavior

Ship collision is the most common type of accident in the Northern Baltic Sea, posing a risk to the safety of maritime transportation. Near miss detection from automatic identification system (AIS) data provides insight into maritime transportation safety. Collision risk always triggers a ship to maneuver for safe passing. Some frenetic rudder actions occur at the last moment before ship collision. However, the relationship between ship behavior and collision risk is not fully clarified. Therefore, this work proposes a novel method to improve near miss detection by analyzing ship behavior characteristic during the encounter process. The impact from the ship attributes (including ship size, type, and maneuverability), perceived risk of a navigator, traffic complexity, and traffic rule are considered to obtain insights into the ship behavior. The risk severity of the detected near miss is further quantified into four levels. This proposed method is then applied to traffic data from the Northern Baltic Sea. The promising results of near miss detection and the model validity test suggest that this work contributes to the development of preventive measures in maritime management to enhance to navigational safety, such as setting a precautionary area in the hotspot areas. Several advantages and limitations of the presented method for near miss detection are discussed.

Design of the Murray and Wolverine River rail bridges

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Continuous Steel ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Branch Line ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Deck Plate ◽  
Bridge Steel

This paper describes the design of the Murray and Wolverine River rail bridges, two of the largest river crossings on British Columbia's Tumbler Ridge branch line. These unique railway bridges feature a single-cell, continuous steel box girder superstructure supported by pairs of steel delta legs. The top flange of the box girder is an orthotropic deck plate that is a part of the ballast containment trough. Stability of the delta legs is provided by posttensioning of their bases to the concrete substructure. Key words: rail bridge, steel box girder, steel delta legs, orthotropic deck, posttensioning.

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