Ship Collision Analysis of a Floating Bridge in Ferry-Free E39 Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Ship Collision

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project ‘Ferry free coastal route E39’ which includes replacing ferry crossings by bridges or tunnels across eight fjords in Western Norway. Since most of the fjords are wide and deep, traditional fixed links are not possible to be constructed. Therefore, floating bridge and tunnel concepts are proposed for the fjord-crossing project. Because floating bridges and tunnels have many structural components close to the water surface, a critical concern of accidental ship collision loads is then raised. Considering the large displacement and high speed of the passing ships, the interactions between the bridge structure and the ship bow can be significant should collision occurs. It is therefore important to carefully evaluate bridge response subjected to ship collision loads in the design process. This paper presents a case study of ship collision analysis of the floating bridge concept for Bjørnafjorden. Two possible collision scenarios, i.e. ship-pontoon and ship-girder collisions, are considered. First, local structural deformation and damage are numerically investigated by detailed finite element models using LS-DYNA. Second, bridge global response under ship collision loads are simulated in USFOS. By combining the local and global analyses, a comprehensive overview of bridge response under ship collision load can be obtained.

Design of floating bridge girders against accidental ship collision loads

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Steel Box Girder ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Bridge Girder ◽  
Ship Collision ◽  
The Impact

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project “Ferry free coastal route E39” which includes replacing ferry crossings by bridges or tunnels across fjords in Western Norway. A floating bridge concept was proposed in the fjord-crossing project for Bjørnefjorden. As there are regular cruise routes passing by the bridge, it raises the concern for the consequences of accidental ship collision with the bridge girder. During the collision, the interactions between the bridge girder and the ship structure can be significant. Thus, in the design of the proposed bridge it is vital to evaluate the safety of the ship and the bridge. In this paper, detailed finite element models of a cruise ship and a steel box girder are developed. The impact scenarios and structural damages are studied. The results show that the proposed bridge girder design is generally safe to resist normal accidental ship collision loads. Numerical model of the whole bridge is also developed for further study of bridge global response subjected to ship collision load.

Local and Global Responses of a Floating Bridge Under Ship–Girder Collisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Sha ◽  
Jørgen Amdahl ◽  
Cato Dørum
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Deformation Curves ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Ship Collision

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is running a project “Ferry Free Coastal Route E39” to replace existing ferry crossings by bridges across eight fjords in western Norway. Since most of the fjords are wide and deep, construction of traditional bridges with fixed foundations is not possible. Therefore, floating bridge concepts are proposed for the fjord-crossing project. Since the floating foundations of the bridges are close to the water surface, the concern of accidental ship collisions is raised. Considering the displacement and speed of the passing ships and the significant compliance of the bridge, interaction between the bridge and the ship can be significant should a collision occur. Many studies have been conducted on ship collision with bridge structures with a special focus on bridge piers. However, the research on ship collision with bridge girders is quite limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the collision response of a floating bridge for ship–girder collision events. Both the local structural damage and the global dynamic response of the bridge are assessed. Local structural deformation and damage are first investigated by numerical simulations with detailed finite element (FE) models in ls-dyna. Subsequently, the bridge global response to the collision loads is analyzed in usfos using the force–deformation curves from the local analysis. By combining the local and global analysis results, a comprehensive overview of the bridge response during ship–girder collisions can be obtained.

CYCLOPS BHT

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Load ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Cyclops BHT is a low-alloy martensitic high-speed steel of the molybdenum type recommended for high strength, high load structural components designed for elevated temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-173. Producer or source: Cyclops Corporation.

scholarly journals Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Hoang T. Nguyen ◽  
Kate T. Q. Nguyen ◽  
Tu C. Le ◽  
Guomin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fire Engineering

The evaluation and interpretation of the behavior of construction materials under fire conditions have been complicated. Over the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a reliable method to tackle this engineering problem. This review summarizes existing studies that applied AI to predict the fire performance of different construction materials (e.g., concrete, steel, timber, and composites). The prediction of the flame retardancy of some structural components such as beams, columns, slabs, and connections by utilizing AI-based models is also discussed. The end of this review offers insights on the advantages, existing challenges, and recommendations for the development of AI techniques used to evaluate the fire performance of construction materials and their flame retardancy. This review offers a comprehensive overview to researchers in the fields of fire engineering and material science, and it encourages them to explore and consider the use of AI in future research projects.

scholarly journals Effect of Modelling Inhomogeneous Wave Conditions on Structural Responses of a Very Long Floating Bridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Jian Dai ◽  
Christos Stefanakos ◽  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Hagbart Skage Alsos
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Inhomogeneous Wave ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Inhomogeneous Waves ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Wave Conditions

Floating bridges are suitable for connecting land parcels separated by wide and deep waterbodies. However, when the span of the crossing becomes very long, the water environment exhibits inhomogeneities which introduce difficulties to the modelling, analysis and design of the bridge structure. The wave inhomogeneity may be described by means of field measurement and/or numerical simulations. Both approaches face complications when the resolution is much refined. It is thus important to examine the effect of the resolution related to the modelling of inhomogeneous waves on the global structural responses. In this study, a hypothetical crossing at the Sulafjord is chosen, and the wave environment in the year 2015 at 10 positions along the crossing is numerically computed. Next, different inhomogeneous wave conditions are established based on the wave data at 3, 5, and 10 positions, respectively. Time-domain simulations are conducted to examine the effect of different modelling approaches of the inhomogeneous wave condition on the global responses of a long, straight and side-anchored floating bridge.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽  
Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽  
Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽  
Clemente Sáenz Sanz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

Removing W Polymer Residue from BEOL Structures Using DSP+ (Dilute Sulfuric-Peroxide-HF) Mixture – A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun Hee Lee ◽  
Min Sang Yun ◽  
Hyun Wook Lee ◽  
Jin Goo Park
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Metal Gate ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
High K ◽  
Removal Of Metal

As the feature size of semiconductor device shrinks continuously, various high-K metals for 3-D structures have been applied to improve the device performance, such as high speed and low power consumption. Metal gate fabrication requires the removal of metal and polymer residues after etching process without causing any undesired etching and corrosion of metals. The conventional sulfuric-peroxide mixture (SPM) has many disadvantages like the corrosion of metals, environmental issues etc., DSP+(dilute sulfuric-peroxide-HF mixture) chemical is currently used for the removal of post etch residues on device surface, to replace the conventional SPM cleaning [. Due to the increased usage of metal gate in devices in recent times, the application of DSP+chemicals for cleaning processes also increases [.

The Use of Aluminium for Commercial Vehicle Structures—A Feasibility Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
B. B. Hundy ◽  
S. Broadstock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Extra Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Structural Components

The use of aluminium alloy instead of steel for the structural components of a 32 ton articulated lorry has been examined. The probable manufacturing difficulties have been assessed and shown to be minimal. The savings in weight possible by using aluminium have been calculated from a structural analysis of the cab, tractor chassis and trailer and from this and an assessment of the manufacturing processes the extra cost of manufacturing in aluminium has been determined. A typical case study shows that this extra cost can be easily recovered by utilising the increased load capacity of the vehicle during the first few years of its life.

HFTViz: Visualization for the exploration of high frequency trading data

2021 ◽  
pp. 147387162110649
Author(s):  
Javad Yaali ◽  
Vincent Grégoire ◽  
Thomas Hurtut
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Management ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Frequency Trading ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Liquidity Measures ◽  
Trading Volumes

High Frequency Trading (HFT), mainly based on high speed infrastructure, is a significant element of the trading industry. However, trading machines generate enormous quantities of trading messages that are difficult to explore for financial researchers and traders. Visualization tools of financial data usually focus on portfolio management and the analysis of the relationships between risk and return. Beside risk-return relationship, there are other aspects that attract financial researchers like liquidity and moments of flash crashes in the market. HFT researchers can extract these aspects from HFT data since it shows every detail of the market movement. In this paper, we present HFTViz, a visualization tool designed to help financial researchers explore the HFT dataset provided by NASDAQ exchange. HFTViz provides a comprehensive dashboard aimed at facilitate HFT data exploration. HFTViz contains two sections. It first proposes an overview of the market on a specific date. After selecting desired stocks from overview visualization to investigate in detail, HFTViz also provides a detailed view of the trading messages, the trading volumes and the liquidity measures. In a case study gathering five domain experts, we illustrate the usefulness of HFTViz.

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