scholarly journals Outbreak of hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan, June 2015 to September 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chin Chen ◽  
Po-Hsun Chiang ◽  
Yu-Hsin Liao ◽  
Lin-Ching Huang ◽  
Ying-Jung Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were notified of increasing acute hepatitis A (AHA) in June 2015. Serum and/or stool from AHA patients and sewage samples were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV). We defined outbreak cases as AHA patients with illness onset after June 2015 and with an HAV sequence less than 0.5% different from that of the TA-15 outbreak strain. We analysed characteristics and food exposures between outbreak and non-outbreak cases between January 2014 (start of enhanced surveillance) and February 2016. From June 2015 to September 2017, there were 1,563 AHA patients with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range (IQR): 26–38); the male-to-female ratio was 8.8 and 585 (37%) had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. TA-15 was detected in 82% (852/1,033) of AHA patients, and 14% (74/540) of sewage samples tested since July 2015. Infection with the TA-15 strain was associated with having HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI), recent oral-anal sex and men who have sex with men (MSM). The Taiwan CDC implemented an HAV vaccine campaign starting from October 2016 where 62% (15,487/24,879) of people at risk were vaccinated against HAV. We recommend HAV vaccination for at-risk populations and continuous surveillance to monitor control measures.

Clinical and virological features of acute hepatitis A during an ongoing outbreak among men who have sex with men in the North of France

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Boucher ◽  
Agnes Meybeck ◽  
Kazali Alidjinou ◽  
Thomas Huleux ◽  
Nathalie Viget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
The North ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesSince February 2017, an increase of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases has been notified in North of France. We aimed to report clinical and virological features of 49 cases treated in three hospitals in Lille European Metropolis (LEM).MethodsAll adult patients treated for AHA in 3 LEM hospitals between 20 February and 5 July 2017 were included. Demographic characteristics, exposure risk factors to hepatitis A virus (HAV), AHA manifestations and concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STI) were retrospectively recorded.ResultsForty-nine cases of AHA were diagnosed among which 34 (69%) were hospitalised. Severe AHA occurred in 7 (14%) patients. The median age of cases was 36 years. All cases except 1 were men and 32 (65%) were identified as men having sex with men (MSM). Eleven (23%) patients were HIV-infected, 5 were under HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 6 had a history of HIV postexposure prophylaxis and 19 had a history of at least one STI. Only three patients had received HAV vaccine. Proportion of patients tested for syphilis, chlamydial and gonococcal infections was 75% (18/24) in those seen by sexual health specialists and 21% (6/29) in those seen by other specialists. At least one concomitant STI was diagnosed in 13 out of 24 tested patients (54%). RT-PCR sequencing was available for 38 cases and confirmed co-circulation of 3 different strains of subgenotype IA (VRD 521 2016: n=24, RIVM-HAV16-090: n=13, V16-25801: n=1), already identified in several European countries.ConclusionsWe are facing an outbreak of AHA among MSM in the North of France with a high rate of hospitalisation. Analysis of cases highlighted missed opportunities of vaccination and lack of concomitant STI screening. Awareness among healthcare providers and MSM should be increased and HAV vaccination promoted.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatitis A Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Krakow, Poland; February 2017–February 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798831989514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Raczyńska ◽  
Nimmi Nimesha Wickramasuriya ◽  
Anna Kalinowska-Nowak ◽  
Aleksander Garlicki ◽  
Monika Bociąga-Jasik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Since February 2017 in Poland, an increasing number of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases have been reported; a noteworthy increase to 3,072 cases of AHA in 2017 compared to 35 cases in 2016 was reported by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic features, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and sexually transmitted coinfections. All cases of AHA diagnosed between February 2017 and February 2018 at the University Hospital in Krakow were analyzed. A total of 119 cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) were reported; 105 (88%) were males and 14 (12%) were females, with a mean age 31 years (range 19–62). In 84 patients (71%), the HAV was transmitted by oral–anal sexual contact between men. Six women were infected by close house contact with men infected with HAV. The route of transmission was not identified for 29 cases, and 88 patients (74%) required hospitalization. Among the cases, the following coinfections were already diagnosed: HIV 36 patients (30%), chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) 4 patients (3%), and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) 2 patients (1.5%). During AHA diagnosis, some new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were detected; syphilis eight patients (6.7%), HIV/syphilis seven patients (6%), HIV//HCV/syphilis one patient, and acute retroviral syndrome/ Shigella flexneri one patient. Overall, AHA outbreak in Poland in 2017 affected primarily men who have sex with men (MSM) and was connected with oral–anal sexual contacts, and the majority of patients did not have HAV vaccination. These results show a clear need for routinely offering HAV vaccination to at-risk populations and that awareness among health-care workers about HAV sexual transmission may help introduce prevention methods.

scholarly journals Recovery and Sequence Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus from Springwater Implicated in an Outbreak of Acute Viral Hepatitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6158-6160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Tallon ◽  
David C. Love ◽  
Zack S. Moore ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in North Carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomic sequences. Detection of HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures.

Value of targeting at-risk populations at outreach venues: findings from a local sauna

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 642-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arumainayagam ◽  
R Grimshaw ◽  
S Acharya ◽  
S Chandramani ◽  
I A Morrall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

An assessment of the need to increase access to an outreach venue, the local sauna in Walsall, UK, frequented only by men who have sex with men, was undertaken. A case-notes review of the clients who attended the monthly outreach sessions at the sauna in the year 2007 was performed. Among the 287 men seen at the 12 outreach sessions, 37% had a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of those tested positive, 88% had never had a previous STI. Twenty-one men had syphilis and a further six tested positive for HIV. Hepatitis B vaccination was completed for 41% of the clients seen. Those who tested positive for an STI said they would not have attended a conventional setting but accepted screening at the sauna. This confirmed the need to increase access at this outreach venue, and further funding has now been provided to have outreach sessions twice a month.

scholarly journals Male-Dominant Hepatitis A Outbreak Observed among Non-HIV-Infected Persons in the Northern Part of Tokyo, Japan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Masayuki Honda ◽  
Hiroyuki Asakura ◽  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Yoshiko Somura ◽  
Tomotaka Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patient Interviews ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Recently, we experienced an outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection between 2018 and 2020. Herein, we describe this male-dominant HAV infection outbreak observed among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in the northern part of Tokyo, Japan. Clinical information was collected from patient interviews and from medical record descriptions. In the present study, 21 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 90.4 and 33.3% of patients were males, and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. The total bilirubin levels and platelet counts tended to be lower in the MSM group than in the non-MSM group. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels tended to be higher in acute liver failure (ALF) patients than in non-ALF patients. Prolonged cholestasis was observed in one patient (4.8%). We also found that 18 HAV isolates belonged to HAV subgenotype IA/subgroup 13 (S13), which clustered with the HAV isolate (KX151459) that was derived from an outbreak of HAV infection among MSM in Taiwan in 2015. Our results suggest that the application of antivirals against HAV, as well as HAV vaccines, would be useful for the treatment and prevention of severe HAV infection.

A Nosocomial and Occupational Cluster of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in a Pediatric Ward

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Petrosillo ◽  
Barbara Raffaele ◽  
Lorena Martini ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Giuseppina Nurra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pediatric Ward ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A

AbstractWe describe a cluster of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection that involved two patients and one physician in the pediatric unit where two children with acute HAV infection had been housed. An interview with the unit personnel revealed several breaches in infection control measures and the lack of vaccination of healthcare workers against HAV.

scholarly journals Outbreak of acute hepatitis A associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in North Sardinia 2017-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (09) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bazzardi ◽  
Elena Dore ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
Alessia Lai ◽  
Margherita Pisanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: We describe an outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) which evolved in Sassari (Italy), between January 2017 and December 2018, close to a contextual of large concurrent hepatitis A outbreak reported in Europe and recently, in Italy. Methodology: HAV RNA detection and molecular characterization was performed from serum samples and/or stool by RT - PCR of VP1/2A junction region that ranges from nt. 2,873 to nt. 3,376. The phylogenetic correlation of the circulating hepatitis A strains was assessed by sequencing method according to the HAVNET protocol. Results: 10 Acute Hepatitis A virus (AHA)-positive cases, 8 of which were among men who have sex with men (MSM) were identified. All patients were tested at the time of hospitalization for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies, only two MSM resulted co-infected by HIV. No differences were observed in median age (37 years vs. 41 years, P-value = 0.14), severity or duration of hospitalization between seropositive and HIV-negative men. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted in 2 cases and revealed two distinct sequences of genotype IA linking to clusters recognized in MSM in other European countries in 2016. Conclusion: Our study reported a recent increase of notified hepatitis A cases attributable to cases in the European interconnectedness of MSM in Sassari, a small locality. Hepatitis A vaccination for MSM in Sardinia region is recommended; however, our data emphasize the need of hepatitis A screening and vaccination not only for MSM with occasional partners but also for those in monogamous relationships.

Acute hepatitis A infection after hepatitis A immunity in a HIV-positive individual

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Jie Lee ◽  
Sam Douthwaite ◽  
Ranjababu Kulasegaram
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Hepatitis A is a self-limiting infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), transmitted predominantly by the faecal–oral route including some sexual practices. Outbreaks are commonly reported in the men who have sex with men (population. Previous exposure is thought to provide life-long immunity against subsequent infections with the development of an HAV IgG response. This paper reports a case of acute Hepatitis A infection, despite evidence of a previously positive Hepatitis A IgG results in an HIV-positive individual.

scholarly journals The Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus Strains Circulating during Hepatitis A Outbreaks in São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2017 to May 2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Samira Chuffi ◽  
Michele S. Gomes-Gouvêa ◽  
Luciana V. B. Casadio ◽  
Ana Catharina S. S. Nastri ◽  
Mario P. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
European Countries ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Outbreaks of hepatitis A may occur in countries of medium and high socioeconomic levels in which the population generally exhibits an increased susceptibility in young adults to this infection if they are not vaccinated against the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In Europe, an outbreak involved approximately 22 European countries with 4475 cases reported from 2016 to 2018; most of them were men who have sex with men (MSM). This outbreak expanded to North and South America, including Brazil, particularly in São Paulo city with 1547 reported cases from 2016 to 2019. In the present study, we characterized the HAV strains involved in the acute hepatitis A cases identified in the reference centers of São Paulo city during this outbreak. A total of 51 cases with positive anti-HAV IgM were included, 80.4% male, 68.6% of them between 20 and 40 years old and 41.7% MSM. HAV RNA was detected in 92% (47/51) of the cases. Subgenotype IA of HAV was identified and most of the strains were closely related to that isolated in outbreaks that occurred in different European countries in 2016. These results showed the epidemiological relation between these outbreaks and reinforce the need to implement vaccination against hepatitis A for the adult population, particularly for a population with a high-risk behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document