scholarly journals A possible outbreak of hepatitis A associated with semi-dried tomatoes, England, July–November 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Carvalho ◽  
H L Thomas ◽  
K Balogun ◽  
R Tedder ◽  
R Pebody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

In October 2011, two primary cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection with identical HAV genotype IB strains to those seen in other outbreaks associated with semi-dried tomatoes were reported in England. Both cases had consumed semi-dried tomatoes. Epidemiological investigations revealed two additional cases of genotype IB strains with different sequences who also reported having consumed semi-dried tomatoes. In November, five cases of HAV infection with closely related strains were identified in the Netherlands. A foodborne multiple-strain outbreak is suspected.

Changing risk profile of hepatitis A in The Netherlands: a comparison of seroprevalence in 1995–1996 and 2006–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. VERHOEF ◽  
H. J. BOOT ◽  
M. KOOPMANS ◽  
L. MOLLEMA ◽  
F. VAN DER KLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Second World

SUMMARYThe prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) was assessed in a nationwide sample (n=6229) in The Netherlands in 2006–2007, and compared to the seroprevalence in a similar study in 1995–1996 (n=7376). The overall seroprevalence increased from 34% in 1995–1996 to 39% in 2006–2007, mainly due to vaccination of travellers and an increased immigrant population. Risk factors remain travelling to, and originating from, endemic regions, and vaccination is targeted currently at these risk groups. Our results show a trend of increasing age of the susceptible population. These people would also benefit from HAV vaccination because they are likely to develop clinically serious symptoms after infection, and are increasingly at risk of exposure through imported viruses through foods or travellers. The cost-effectiveness of adding elderly people born after the Second World War as a target group for prophylactic vaccination to reduce morbidity and mortality after HAV infection should be assessed.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Bruisten ◽  
J.E. van Steenbergen ◽  
A.S. Pijl ◽  
H.G.M. Niesters ◽  
G.J.J. van Doornum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

scholarly journals Spillover of a hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) to the general population, the Netherlands, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid HM Friesema ◽  
Gerard JB Sonder ◽  
Mariska WF Petrignani ◽  
Annemarie E Meiberg ◽  
Gini GC van Rijckevorsel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

Since 2015, outbreaks of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported worldwide. To examine the impact of these MSM outbreaks in the Netherlands, we combined notification and epidemiological data with sequence analysis. Our results show the hazards of outbreaks within risk-groups spilling over into the largely susceptible general population. One third of the outbreak-related hepatitis A virus genotypes were detected in non-MSM cases.

scholarly journals Quantitative levels of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in bivalve molluscs collected along the food chain in the Netherlands, 2013–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 109089
Author(s):  
René A.M. Dirks ◽  
Claudia C.C. Jansen ◽  
Geke Hägele ◽  
Ans J.T. Zwartkruis-Nahuis ◽  
Aloys S.L. Tijsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs

scholarly journals Update: A food-borne outbreak of hepatitis A in the Netherlands related to semi-dried tomatoes in oil, January-February 2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Petrignani ◽  
M Harms ◽  
L Verhoef ◽  
R van Hunen ◽  
C Swaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Control Study

Between 31 December 2009 and 10 February 2010, 13 patients were infected by an identical hepatitis A virus strain not previously detected in the Netherlands. They had not been abroad and were widely distributed over the Netherlands. A case-control study including 12 cases and 44 controls identified semi-dried tomatoes in oil as the source of the outbreak (odds ratio: 20.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-274). The virus was not detected in any of 81 tested food samples. International trace-back is still ongoing.

scholarly journals International linkage of two food-borne hepatitis A clusters through traceback of mussels, the Netherlands, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg L.A. Boxman ◽  
Linda Verhoef ◽  
Harry Vennema ◽  
Siew-Lin Ngui ◽  
Ingrid H.M. Friesema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Household Cluster

This report describes an outbreak investigation starting with two closely related suspected food-borne clusters of Dutch hepatitis A cases, nine primary cases in total, with an unknown source in the Netherlands. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype IA sequences of both clusters were highly similar (459/460 nt) and were not reported earlier. Food questionnaires and a case–control study revealed an association with consumption of mussels. Analysis of mussel supply chains identified the most likely production area. International enquiries led to identification of a cluster of patients near this production area with identical HAV sequences with onsets predating the first Dutch cluster of cases. The most likely source for this cluster was a case who returned from an endemic area in Central America, and a subsequent household cluster from which treated domestic sewage was discharged into the suspected mussel production area. Notably, mussels from this area were also consumed by a separate case in the United Kingdom sharing an identical strain with the second Dutch cluster. In conclusion, a small number of patients in a non-endemic area led to geographically dispersed hepatitis A outbreaks with food as vehicle. This link would have gone unnoticed without sequence analyses and international collaboration.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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