scholarly journals Investigation of a tuberculosis cluster at a job centre in Manchester, United Kingdom

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kirkpatrick ◽  
C Bell ◽  
M Petrovic ◽  
M Woodhead ◽  
A Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Programme ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Active Disease

During the summer of 2005, four cases of active tuberculosis from the same occupational setting were investigated in Manchester, UK. The index case had been diagnosed in December of the previous year. At that stage the closest occupational contacts had been screened, all of whom were assessed as being free from active disease, and none had met nationally recommended criteria for chemoprophylaxis for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). In June 2005, two work contacts developed progressive primary extrapulmonary (pleural) TB. Following a detailed risk assessment, the screening programme was widened to include 137 staff who worked at the job centre (employment agency) where the first four cases had been found. This screening programme was based on tuberculin Mantoux testing, CXR and gamma-interferon testing. Of these 137 contacts screened, one additional person was found to have active disease and six others were offered chemoprophylaxis for LTBI. The isolates from the index case and the first two secondary cases were indistinguishable on VNTR-MIRU (variable number tandem repeat - mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit) typing at 15 loci. No samples were available for testing from the fourth case of active disease. Management of this incident has benefited from the evolving fields of both genotyping and diagnostic testing for LTBI. However, further research into the epidemiological inferences made through genotyping, as well as the significance of a positive gamma-interferon test in assessing the risk of development of active disease, is still required.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Outbreak in an Educational Institution in Henan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Chunfa Liu ◽  
Minghui Liang ◽  
Dongxin Liu ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Epidemiological Association

On June 17, 2018, a case of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was reported among students at a senior high school in Luoning, China. The outbreak encompassed a total of 23 cases along with TB screening in the whole school by means of PPD and chest X-ray. By the end of September 2018, the entire 9 cases cultured positive had epidemiological association. All of the 9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates available were sensitive to all drugs tested and had similar spoligotyping and 15 loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) profile. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the Mtb isolates revealed 20 variable nucleotide positions within 8 cases, indicating a clonal outbreak. The index case, which was first identified and diagnosed, is separated from the cluster by a minimum number of 95 distinct SNPs. Minimum distance spanning tree (MST) indicted that the 8 cases were indeed part of a single transmission chain. It was concluded that this is an epidemic situation of TB outbreak exposed by the aggrieved index case at school, which was caused by the veiled infectious case wherein a student was suffering from TB and attending school simultaneously.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Outbreak in an Educational Institution in Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnstein Norheim ◽  
Siri Seterelv ◽  
Trude M. Arnesen ◽  
Anne Torunn Mengshoel ◽  
Tone Tønjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Chain

ABSTRACTWithin 1 week in April 2013, three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were reported among students attending training sessions at an educational institution in Oslo, Norway. By the end of October 2013, a total of nine epidemiologically linked cases had been reported. The outbreak encompassed a total of 24 cases from 2009 to 2014, among which all of the 22Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates available had identical mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) profiles (MtbC15-9 code 10287-189) belonging to the Beijing lineage. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of theM. tuberculosisisolates revealed 20 variable nucleotide positions within the cluster, indicating a clonal outbreak. The most likely index case was identified and diagnosed in Norway in 2009 but was born in Asia. WGS analyses verified that all of the cases were indeed part of a single transmission chain. However, even when combining WGS and intensified contact tracing, we were unable to fully reconstruct the TB transmission events.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

scholarly journals Profiling variable-number tandem repeat variation across populations using repeat-pangenome graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yu Lu ◽  
Katherine M. Munson ◽  
Alexandra P. Lewis ◽  
Qihui Zhu ◽  
Luke J. Tallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Short Reads ◽  
Repeat Structure ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Develop Software

AbstractVariable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are composed of consecutive repetitive DNA with hypervariable repeat count and composition. They include protein coding sequences and associations with clinical disorders. It has been difficult to incorporate VNTR analysis in disease studies that use short-read sequencing because the traditional approach of mapping to the human reference is less effective for repetitive and divergent sequences. In this work, we solve VNTR mapping for short reads with a repeat-pangenome graph (RPGG), a data structure that encodes both the population diversity and repeat structure of VNTR loci from multiple haplotype-resolved assemblies. We develop software to build a RPGG, and use the RPGG to estimate VNTR composition with short reads. We use this to discover VNTRs with length stratified by continental population, and expression quantitative trait loci, indicating that RPGG analysis of VNTRs will be critical for future studies of diversity and disease.

scholarly journals Potentially Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian Sheep Flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4949-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sekse ◽  
M. Sunde ◽  
B.-A. Lindstedt ◽  
P. Hopp ◽  
T. Bruheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Large Survey

ABSTRACTA national survey ofEscherichia coliO26 in Norwegian sheep flocks was conducted, using fecal samples to determine the prevalence. In total, 491 flocks were tested, andE. coliO26 was detected in 17.9% of the flocks. One hundred forty-twoE. coliO26 isolates were examined for flagellar antigens (H typing) and four virulence genes, includingstxandeae, to identify possible Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) and enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC). Most isolates (129 out of 142) were identified asE. coliO26:H11. They possessedeaeand may have potential as human pathogens, although only a small fraction were identified as STEC O26:H11, giving a prevalence in sheep flocks of only 0.8%. Correspondingly, the sheep flock prevalence of atypical EPEC (aEPEC) O26:H11 was surprisingly high (15.9%). The genetic relationship between theE. coliO26:H11 isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), identifying 63 distinct PFGE profiles and 22 MLVA profiles. Although the MLVA protocol was less discriminatory than PFGE and a few cases of disagreement were observed, comparison by partition mapping showed an overall good accordance between the two methods. A close relationship between a few isolates of aEPEC O26:H11 and STEC O26:H11 was identified, but all theE. coliO26:H11 isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic to humans. The present study consisted of a representative sampling of sheep flocks from all parts of Norway. This is the first large survey of sheep flocks focusing onE. coliO26 in general, including results of STEC, aEPEC, and nonpathogenic isolates.

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