scholarly journals Modifikasi Pati Aren dengan Crosslinking Agent STPP (Sodium Tri Poly Phospate) dan Penambahan Poli Vinil Alkohol terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Sari Purnavita ◽  
Nevira Khaliqa Rastono
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power

Modifikasi pati adalah metode yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan pati alami diantaranya sifat hidrofilik (ketahanan air yang rendah). Modifikasi pati secara crosslinking dilakukan untuk mendapatkan swelling power rendah, kekuatan regang rendah, dan suhu granula pati untuk pecah lebih rendah. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan modifikasi pati aren secara crosslinking menggunakan STPP (Sodium Tripoly Phospate) dengan prinsip mengganti gugus hidroksil pati dengan gugus fosfat yang berikatan silang. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dua variabel, yaitu berat PVA (0; 1; 2; 2,5 gram) dan presentase STPP (1%; 3%; 4%; dan 5%) terhadap sifat ketahanan air (uji swelling) dan ketahanan degradasi bioplastik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan kerja yaitu (1)pembuatan modifikasi pati aren; (2)pembuatan bioplastik, dan (3)analisa bioplastik. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pati aren termodifikasi crosslinking STPP memberikan hasil ketahanan bioplastik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pati aren alami (native starch). Dari berbagai perlakuan sampel, disimpulkan bahwa pati termodifikasi STPP menurunkan nilai swelling (penyerapan) bioplastik, dengan hasil terbaik pada penambahan 5% STPP dan 2 gram PVA sebesar 40%.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Sifat Fisiko-Kimia dan Fungsional Pati Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre) Dimodifikasi dengan Hidrolisis Asam

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Febby Jeanry Polnaya ◽  
Alfredo Andelson Huwae ◽  
Gilian Tetelepta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to characterize modified Ihur sago starch as affected by treatment of acid hydrolysis. A completely randomized experimental non-factorial design was used in this research with four levels of treatments, i.e. native ihur sago starch, HCl concentrations of 1.1 N, 2.2 N, or 3.3 N, subsequently. Physical properties such as color, swelling power, solubility, and paste clarity were measured in this research. Moisture, ash, and amylose content were determined as chemical properties, while the resistant starch (RS) content was determined for its functional properties. Results showed that starch treated with acid hydrolysis caused changes to physical properties in comparison with native starch. These included higher (80.93–81.89) degree of whiteness (L*) than native starch (80.29), lower redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) than native (8.26 and 18.24) having the value of 5.13–6.34, and 13.21–15.39, respectively. Acid hydrolysis not only caused a decrease in swelling power (43.88–50.56%), but also an increase in solubility (8.92–12.34%) and paste clarity (74.70–77.73% T) compared to native starch. Higher moisture and ash content having the value of 8.72–15.01% and 0.22–0.37%, correspondingly but lower amylose (18.29–27.22%) and RS content were obtained by acid hydrolysis starch in contrast to native starch. The modified starch has improved heat stability with smaller breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity less than native starch, and is easily to gelatinize. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakteristik pati sagu ihur alami (PSIA) yang dimodifikasi dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap non-faktorial dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu PSIA, hidrolisis asam (PSIHA) menggunakan HCl 1,1 N, 2,2 N, atau 3,3 N. Parameter yang diukur meliputi karakteristik fisik antara lain warna, kemampuan menggelembung, daya larut, kejernihan pasta, dan sifat amilografi. Karakteristik kimia meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan amilosa sedangkan karakteristik fungsional yaitu kadar pati resistan (RS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan hidrolisis asam menyebabkan perubahan terhadap sifat fisik warna pati dimana nilai kecerahan (L*) pati hidrolisis asam (80,93–81,89) lebih tinggi dibandingkan PSIA (80,29). Sebaliknya nilai kemerahan (a*) dan kekuningan (b*) PSIHA (5,13–6,34 dan 13,21–15,39) lebih rendah dibandingkan PSIA (8,62 dan 18,24). Perlakuan asam juga menyebabkan kemampuan menggelembung PSIHA (43,88–50,65%) mengalami penurunan dibandingkan PSIA, tetapi meningkatkan daya larut (8,92–12,34%) dan kejernihan pasta (74,70–77,73% T). Untuk sifat kimia, kadar air pati sagu hidrolisis asam (8,72–15,01%) dan kadar abu (0,22–0,37%) relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pati alaminya, namun perlakuan asam menurunkan kadar amilosa (18,29–27,22%) dan kadar RS (0,06–0,37%). PSIHA memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik selama pemanasan dengan breakdown viscosity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan PSIA, serta kecenderungan teretrogradasi lebih rendah, yaitu ditunjukkan nilai setback viscosity yang rendah, dan lebih mudah mengalami gelatinisasi.

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethylated and Cross-Linked Enset Starch as a Disintegrant in Tablets

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Yohannes Mengesha ◽  
Anteneh Belete ◽  
Tsige Gebre-Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Modified Starches ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Starch and modified starches have been commonly employed as excipient in pharmaceutical industry. The use of non-modified or “native” starch,  However, is mostly confined due to limitation in several physicochemical properties. Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl starch which is also known as sodium starch glycolate is extensively used in fast dissolving tablets to disperse the drugs within short span of time. In this study, enset starch was carboxymethylated and subsequently cross-linked. Carboxymethyl enset starch (CMES) was obtained by reacting enset starch and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. CMESs having different degree of substitution (DS) were cross-linked at variousconcentrations (2.5, 5 and 10% w/w) of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) to provide sodium starch glycolate of enset starch (SSG-E). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of carboxymethylated group in the modified starch granules with new band at 1608.52 cm-1. This dually modified enset starch (SSG-E) was evaluated as a potential disintegrant in paracetamol tablets in comparison with commercially available sodium starch glycolate, Disegel. Carboxymethylation was significantly influenced by reaction medium, reaction temperature and reaction time (p < 0.05). CMES with higher DS (0.437 ± 0.03) exhibited higher peak viscosity than CMES with lower DS (0.224 ± 0.01). Despite exhibiting greater swelling power, CMES showed significantly lower pasting viscosity compared to the native starch (p < 0.05). At 2.5% SHMP, the dually modified starch (SSG-E) exhibited significant increase in swelling but its rate of water-uptake was lower than that of Disegel. As the SHMP concentration wasincreased from 2.5 to 5%, the swelling power decreased significantly (p < 0.05). When the concentration was increased to 10% the swelling power increased significantly (p < 0.05). At 2.5% SHMP concentration SSG-E showed a viscosity comparable to that of CMES. As the concentration of SHMP increased to 5 and to 10% w/w, significant decrease in viscosity (p < 0.05) was observed. Compared to the native enset starch (NES), the solubility of SSG-E was more than 4-fold, but its viscosity was much lower than that of CMESs. The SSG-E exhibited lower moisture sorption than CMES but higher sorption than NES. SSG-E showed good flowability, superior swelling power and solubility than NES. The disintegration time (DT) of paracetamol tablets containing SSG-E as a disintegrant was comparable to those tablets with similar concentration of Disegel. At 4% SSG-E, paracetamol tablets exhibited DT less than 1 min. Keywords: carboxymethylation, degree of cross-linking, enset starch, paracetamol tablets, sodium starch glycolate 

Influence of acetylation and heat-moisture treatment on physio-chemical, pasting and morphological properties of buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum) starch

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatabhisha Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Oil Binding

Effect of acetylation and heat moisture treatment (HMT) on physicochemical, morphological and rheological properties of buckwheat starch (Fagopyrum esculentum) was investigated. Acetylation, decreased amylose content of starch with increase in water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, swelling power, solubility and sediment volume. Acetylated starch showed improved paste clarity (five days storage) and increased peak viscosity as compared to native starch. Amylose content, water binding capacity, and oil binding capacity was also improved in HMT starch. The increase in onset temperature of viscosity development and the decrease in peak viscosity was observed in HMT starch. HMT decreased swelling power and solubility of native starch.

Viscoelastic Properties of Polysaccharides Derived from the Fungal Modification of Native Starch

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Arturo Rodriguez ◽  
Mohini M. Sain ◽  
Robert Jeng ◽  
Alexis Baltazar y Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Native Starch

Investigation of Dialdehyde Corn Starch as Crosslinking Agent in Collagen-Based Wound Dressing Materials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem Kilicarislan Ozkan ◽  
Hasan Ozgunay ◽  
Stefania Marin ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Dressing Materials ◽  
Wound Dressing Materials

Mesoscopic gelation of chitosan and genipin at below critical concentrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Engwer ◽  
Ronja Loy ◽  
Ioannis S. Chronakis ◽  
Ana C. Mendes ◽  
Francisco M. Goycoolea
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Gelation Kinetics ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Concentrations

Genipin is increasingly used as a crosslinking agent for chitosans due to its low cytotoxicity as a naturally occurring extract of the plant <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>. Genipin reacts with the primary amino groups of chitosan to form blue hydrogels. We studied the gelation kinetics of different chitosans varying in their properties (molar mass 34 000-213 000 g mol<sup>-1</sup>, degree of acetylation 9-20%) and genipin in detail. We found that critical sol-gel transition times obtained from dynamic light scattering were in good agreement with the results obtained by small deformation oscillatory rheometry and microviscosimetry at high concentrations of chitosan. However, at below critical concentrations, we found a second regime of gelation that followed the same Ross-Murphy's gelation kinetics. The macroscopic appearance of these samples was a suspension of weak gel-like particles that were sensitive to mechanical forces. We believe that the material is a mesoscopic gel, as described for other polymers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this phenomenon has been described for the gelling system of chitosan and genipin.

PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Komalasari ◽  
Bambang Sunendar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

Modelling of experiments with colloidal organic matter in biofilm reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Larsen ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Removal Capacity

A mathematical model for the degradation of colloidal organic matter in biofilm reactors has been developed. Contradictory to existing theories, the model includes bulk liquid hydrolysis as the first important step in the degradation sequence. This leads to unexpected effects of different reactor configurations. The model was successfully verified with native starch as a model substrate. Observed differences in colloid removal capacity between trickling filters and RBC-reactors are well explained by the model.

Anionic Polysaccharide Hydrogels with Charges Provided by the Polysaccharide or the Crosslinking Agent

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zied Souguir ◽  
Elie About-Jaudet ◽  
Luc Picton ◽  
Didier Le Cerf
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent
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