scholarly journals THE USE OF ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS AS A TREATMENT FOR COVID-19: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Antiparasitic Agents

Objetive: Describe research related to the use of antiparasitic drugs as likely treatment in COVID-19 based on scientific literature. Methods: This is a literature review that uses two platforms as a database: Pubmed and BIREME. Were included in this study twelve published articles, from 2019 to September 2020, which referred to or were related to the use of antiparasitic drugs as a therapeutic alternative to COVID-19. Results: The antiparasitic drugs ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine (HQC), and nitazoxanide (NTZ) were the main drugs extensively studied as therapeutic alternatives for SARS-CoV-2. Ivermectin exhibited a 5000-fold reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA over a 48h period, at a concentration of 5μM. While HQC was able to block the entry of SARS-Cov-2 into Vero cells previously treated with 50μM. In addition, NTZ, presented an average inhibition concentration (EC50) of 2.12 μM. The mechanisms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions of all the drugs mentioned are not yet fully elucidated. However, it is known that the antiviral potential may be related to the inhibition of essential viral proteins (ivermectin), blockade of interaction in virus-host (HTZ), and immunosuppressant (NTZ). Conclusion: The use of antiparasitic agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 have shown promise. However, it is necessary to further investigate the efficacy of the drugs mentioned in this study, to obtain more satisfactory results, seeking to avoid adverse effects on patients, and ensuring safety for them.

SARS-CoV-2 Biology Insights, Part I. Genome-wide structure and druggability: literature review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lafon-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Viral Proteases ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic prompts the study of coronavirus biology and search of putative therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE To compare SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide structure and proteins with other coronaviruses, focusing on putative coronavirus-specific or SARS-CoV-2 specific therapeutic designs. METHODS The genome-wide structure of SARS-CoV-2 was compared to that of SARS and other coronaviruses in order to gain insights, doing a literature review through Google searches. RESULTS There are promising therapeutic alternatives. Host cell targets could be modulated to hamper viral replication, but targeting viral proteins directly would be a better therapeutic design, since fewer adverse side effects would be expected. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic strategies (Figure 1) could include the modulation of host targets (PARPs, kinases) , competition with G-quadruplexes or nucleoside analogs to hamper RDRP. The nicest anti-CoV options include inhibitors of the conserved essential viral proteases and drugs that interfere ribosome slippage at the -1 PRF site.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Adverse Effects: A Further Step towards Modernization of Acupuncture in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Wu ◽  
Yanmei Hu ◽  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Gerhard Litscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The World ◽  
Organ Tissue

As a further step towards the modernization of acupuncture, the objective of this review was to figure out the frequency and severity of adverse complications and events in acupuncture treatment reported from 1980 to 2013 in China. All first-hand case reports of acupuncture-related complications and adverse events that could be identified in the scientific literature were reviewed and classified according to the type of complication and adverse event, circumstance of the event, and long-term patient outcome. The selected case reports were published between 1980 and 2013 in 3 databases. Relevant papers were collected and analyzed by 2 reviewers. Over the 33 years, 182 incidents were identified in 133 relevant papers. Internal organ, tissue, or nerve injury is the main complications of acupuncture especially for pneumothorax and central nervous system injury. Adverse effects also included syncope, infections, hemorrhage, allergy, burn, aphonia, hysteria, cough, thirst, fever, somnolence, and broken needles. Qualifying training of acupuncturists should be systemized and the clinical acupuncture operations should be standardized in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of acupuncture accidents, enhance the influence of acupuncture, and further popularize acupuncture to the rest of the world.

scholarly journals Attenuated Replication of Lassa Virus Vaccine Candidate ML29 in STAT-1-/- Mice

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Johnson ◽  
Jenny Jokinen ◽  
Igor Lukashevich
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Fold Reduction

Lassa virus (LASV), a highly prevalent mammalian arenavirus endemic in West Africa, can cause Lassa fever (LF), which is responsible for thousands of deaths annually. LASV is transmitted to humans from naturally infected rodents. At present, there is not an effective vaccine nor treatment. The genetic diversity of LASV is the greatest challenge for vaccine development. The reassortant ML29 carrying the L segment from the nonpathogenic Mopeia virus (MOPV) and the S segment from LASV is a vaccine candidate under current development. ML29 demonstrated complete protection in validated animal models against a Nigerian strain from clade II, which was responsible for the worst outbreak on record in 2018. This study demonstrated that ML29 was more attenuated than MOPV in STAT1-/- mice, a small animal model of human LF and its sequelae. ML29 infection of these mice resulted in more than a thousand-fold reduction in viremia and viral load in tissues and strong LASV-specific adaptive T cell responses compared to MOPV-infected mice. Persistent infection of Vero cells with ML29 resulted in generation of interfering particles (IPs), which strongly interfered with the replication of LASV, MOPV and LCMV, the prototype of the Arenaviridae. ML29 IPs induced potent cell-mediated immunity and were fully attenuated in STAT1-/- mice. Formulation of ML29 with IPs will improve the breadth of the host’s immune responses and further contribute to development of a pan-LASV vaccine with full coverage meeting the WHO requirements.

Environmentally Motivated Materials Research

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Hurt ◽  
Soo W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Computer Search ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Recent Computer ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Environmentally Preferable

“Environmentally conscious” materials, or “ecomaterials,” are those specifically designed to minimize adverse effects on the environment while maintaining acceptable performance and a competitive price. Related terms include “environmentally friendly” materials, or “environmentally preferable” materials, which are essentially synonymous. A notable geographic trend was observed in relation to this terminology: a recent computer search of the scientific literature under “ecomaterials” produced eight hits, all from authors in Asia, while “environmentally friendly materials” produced six hits, primarily from authors in North America and Europe.

Tungsten or Wolfram: Friend or Foe?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Zoroddu ◽  
Serenella Medici ◽  
Massimiliano Peana ◽  
Valeria M. Nurchi ◽  
Joanna I. Lachowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Tungsten Alloys ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Tungsten Metal

Tungsten or wolfram was regarded for many years as an enemy within the tin smelting and mining industry, because it conferred impurity or dirtiness in tin mining. However, later it was considered an amazing metal for its strength and flexibility, together with its diamond like hardness and its melting point which is the highest of any metal. It was first believed to be relatively inert and an only slightly toxic metal. Since early 2000, the risk exerted by tungsten alloys, its dusts and particulates to induce cancer and several other adverse effects in animals as well as humans has been highlighted from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, it becomes necessary to take a careful look at all the most recent data reported in the scientific literature, covering the years 2001-2016. In fact, the findings indicate that much more attention should be devoted to thoroughly investigate the toxic effects of tungsten and the involved mechanisms of tungsten metal or tungsten metal ions.

scholarly journals Omeprazole, Furazolidone, and Tetracycline: an eradication treatment for resistant H. pylori in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marcuz Silva ◽  
Jaime Natan Eisig ◽  
Ethel Zimberg Chehter ◽  
Júlio Jovino da Silva ◽  
Antonio Atílio Laudanna
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
H Pylori

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of a simple, short-term and low-cost eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using omeprazole, tetracycline, and furazolidone in a Brazilian peptic ulcer population, divided into 2 subgroups: untreated and previously treated for the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with peptic ulcer disease diagnosed by endoscopic examination and infected by H. pylori diagnosed by the rapid urease test (RUT) and histological examination, untreated and previously unsuccessfully treated by macrolides and nitroimidazole, were medicated with omeprazole 20 mg daily dose and tetracycline 500 mg and furazolidone 200 mg given 3 times a day for 7 days. Another endoscopy or a breath test was performed 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Patients were considered cured of the infection if a RUT and histologic examination proved negative or a breath test was negative for the bacterium. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were included in the study. The women were the predominant sex (58%); the mean age was 46 years. Thirty-three percent of the patients were tobacco users, and duodenal ulcer was identified in 80% of patients. For the 59 patients that underwent follow-up examinations, eradication was verified in 44 (75%). The eradication rate for the intention-to-treat group was 69%. The incidence of severe adverse effects was 15%. CONCLUSION: The treatment provides good efficacy for H. pylori eradication in patients who were previously treated without success, but it causes severe adverse effects that prevented adequate use of the medications in 15% of the patients.

scholarly journals Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Federico Giuseppe Patanè ◽  
Aldo Liberto ◽  
Andreana Nicoletta Maria Maglitto ◽  
Pasquale Malandrino ◽  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Study Results

Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Proteins NS1 and NS2 Cooperatively Antagonize Alpha/Beta Interferon-Induced Antiviral Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (18) ◽  
pp. 8234-8242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schlender ◽  
Birgit Bossert ◽  
Ursula Buchholz ◽  
Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT The functions of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2 were studied by generation and analysis of recombinant BRSV carrying single and double gene deletions. Whereas in MDBK cells the lack of either or both NS genes resulted in a 5,000- to 10,000-fold reduction of virus titers, in Vero cells a moderate (10-fold) reduction was observed. Interestingly, cell culture supernatants from infected MDBK cells were able to restrain the growth of NS deletion mutants in Vero cells, suggesting the involvement of NS proteins in escape from cytokine-mediated host cell responses. The responsible factors in MDBK supernatants were identified as type I interferons by neutralization of the inhibitory effect with antibodies blocking the alpha interferon (IFN-α) receptor. Treatment of cells with recombinant universal IFN-α A/D or IFN-β revealed severe inhibition of single and double deletion mutants, whereas growth of full-length BRSV was not greatly affected. Surprisingly, all NS deletion mutants were equally repressed, indicating an obligatory cooperation of NS1 and NS2 in antagonizing IFN-mediated antiviral mechanisms. To verify this finding, we generated recombinant rabies virus (rRV) expressing either NS1 or NS2 and determined their IFN sensitivity. In cells coinfected with NS1- and NS2-expressing rRVs, virus replication was resistant to doses of IFN which caused a 1,000-fold reduction of replication in cells infected with wild-type RV or with each of the NS-expressing rRVs alone. Thus, BRSV NS proteins have the potential to cooperatively protect an unrelated virus from IFN-α/β mediated antiviral responses. Interestingly, BRSV NS proteins provided a more pronounced resistance to IFN in the bovine cell line MDBK than in cell lines of other origins, suggesting adaptation to host-specific antiviral responses. The findings described have a major impact on the design of live recombinant BRSV and HRSV vaccines.

scholarly journals To Compare the Outcome of Estrogen and Betamethasone Cream in the Treatment of Labial Adhesion in Pre-pubertal Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Gajendra Nath Mahato ◽  
Paritosh Kumar Palit ◽  
Md Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Labial Adhesion ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Group 1

Background: Labial adhesion is a condition of prepubertal girls where the labia are fused over the vaginal opening and/or urethra. Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of estrogen and betamethasone cream in the treatment of labial adhesion. Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted among 100 pre-pubertal girls with labial adhesion where at least 50% vaginal opening was fused. Patients previously treated with estrogen or betamethasone for labial adhesion was excluded from the study. Fifty patients were treated with betamethasone cream (group 1) and fifty patients with estrogen cream (group 2) after randomization. All patients were followed at 3rd week, 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and then release of adhesion and adverse effects were noted. Results: Within 3 weeks no adhesion was found in 84.0% participants in group 1 and 64.0% participants in group 2, which showed significant statistical differences (p=0.023). Within 6 months recurrence of adhesion was found in 2.2% participants in group 1 and 23.4% in group 2, which also showed highly significant statistical differences (p=0.004). Success rate was 90.0% and 72.0% within 6 months in group 1 and in group 2 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.022). Conclusion: Betamethasone cream appears to be a superior agent in terms of effectiveness, safety and cost than estrogen cream in the treatment of labial adhesion in pre-pubertal girls. Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (3) :161-164

scholarly journals WHAT EVERY PSYCHOLOGIST AND PSYCHOTHERAPIST SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE PLACEBO AND NOCEBO EFFECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giacomuzzi ◽  
Markus Ertl ◽  
Natalia Barinova ◽  
Klaus Garber ◽  
Alexander Kocharian
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Nocebo Effect ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Nocebo Effects

Purpose. Only a few medical terms are used as often, even in a metaphorically way, as the words placebo and nocebo. Almost any psychologist and psychotherapist think he/she knows well what by a placebo or nocebo is understood, but usually without really being able to explain it exactly and how it works. In addition, most psychologists and psychotherapists immediately think of clinical trials. However, many things are attributed to the placebo or nocebo effect that does not really fall under this concept in terms of a strict scientific terminology. Therefore, the following article summarizes the ongoing debate on placebo/nocebo effects by citing the current scientific literature. Methods. To realize the purpose of the study, we used the methods of theoretical scientific research. Results. In summary patients are more prone to develop nocebo effects are those with alternative or negative healthcare beliefs or experiences or unrealistic perceptions about treatment; managing these factors is a core strategy to counteract the nocebo effect. Conclusions. Healthcare professionals can help to minimise the influence of the nocebo effect by considering how information about treatments, including benefits and adverse effects, is framed and communicated. Establishing a positive interaction from the start and involving patients in decisions about their treatment and ensuring they understand the cause of their illness and what they can do to manage their symptoms is likely to lead to better treatment outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document