Warum fehlt es seit der Neuzeit an einer lebendigen indischen philosophischen Tradition?

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Kiran Desai-Breun
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Indian Thought ◽  
Intercultural Philosophy

The view in intercultural philosophy that there is philosophy in all cultures, does not hold in relation to Indian thought. Since modern times a vibrant Indian philosophical tradition has been lacking. Against the background of a reconstruction of the logic of negation in the classical texts of Indian thought, the essay asks for the causes of the end of this philosophical tradition. It shows that its causes can be found in a dialectic of the self-repeal of reason and in the dependence of Indian philosophical thinking upon religious tradition.

scholarly journals Western Views of the Muslim Study of Religions: A Critical Overview with Special Reference to Jacques Waardenburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Discursive Field ◽  
Critical Overview

Muslim study of religions before modern times has claimed the attention of some modern Western scholars. At least three developmental phases of this nascent discursive field are discernable. Firstly, Western views of Muslim writings on different religions started appearing as prefaces, marginal notes, and introductions to the edited manuscripts since the early decades of the nineteenth century. In the next phase, instead of focusing on single books, some scholars started discussing a cluster of Muslim writings on a given religious tradition such as Christianity or Judaism. In the third phase, a few scholars have attempted to present more encompassing and systematic surveys of the Muslim perceptions of other religions. Jacques Waardenburg (1930-2015) is one such scholar, and therefore his views get a special mention in the present paper. The argument is that it is the self-understanding of the academic study of religion that defines the Western scholars’ appraisals of the classical Muslim contributions in this field. The paper proposes that the descriptive studies on religions and the polemics can and should be distinguished as two separate spheres of the classical Muslim intellectual tradition for better prospects of cooperation between the Muslim and Western traditions in the study of religion.

Mock Mockers: Cynicism, Suffering, Irish Modernism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Ronan McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Peter Sloterdijk ◽  
Irish Modernism

Cynicism styles itself as the answer to the mental suffering produced by disillusionment, disappointment, and despair. It seeks to avoid them by exposing to ridicule naive idealism or treacherous hope. Modern cynics avoid the vulnerability produced by high ideals, just as their ancient counterparts eschewed dependence on all but the most essential of material needs. The philosophical tradition of the Cynics begins with the Ancients, including Diogenes and Lucian, but has found contemporary valence in the work of cultural theorists such as Peter Sloterdijk. This article uses theories of cynicism to analyze postcolonial disappointment in Irish modernism. It argues that in the “ambi-colonial” conditions of early-twentieth-century Ireland, the metropolitan surety of and suaveness of a cynical attitude is available but precarious. We therefore find a recursive cynicism that often turns upon itself, finding the self-distancing and critical sure-footedness of modern, urbane cynicism a stance that itself should be treated with cynical scepticism. The essay detects this recursive cynicism in a number of literary works of post-independence Ireland, concluding with an extended consideration of W. B. Yeats’s great poem of civilizational precarity, “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen.”

scholarly journals “Industrious Revolution” Revisited: A Variety of Diligence Derived from a Long-Term Local History of Kuta in Kyô-Otagi, a Former County in Japan

Histories ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Satoshi Murayama ◽  
Hiroko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
History Of

Jan de Vries revised Akira Hayami’s original theory of the “Industrious Revolution” to make the idea more applicable to early modern commercialization in Europe, showcasing the development of the rural proletariat and especially the consumer revolution and women’s emancipation on the way toward an “Industrial Revolution.” However, Japanese villages followed a different path from the Western trajectory of the “Industrious Revolution,” which is recognized as the first step to industrialization. This article will explore how a different form of “industriousness” developed in Japan, covering medieval, early modern, and modern times. It will first describe why the communal village system was established in Japan and how this unique institution, the self-reliance system of a village, affected commercialization and industrialization and was sustained until modern times. Then, the local history of Kuta Village in Kyô-Otagi, a former county located close to Kyoto, is considered over the long term, from medieval through modern times. Kuta was not directly affected by the siting of new industrial production bases and the changes brought to villages located nearer to Kyoto. A variety of diligent interactions with living spaces is introduced to demonstrate that the industriousness of local women was characterized by conscience-driven perseverance.

Das Zwischenreich (τὸ μεταξύ)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Hogrebe
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Henry David Thoreau ◽  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Peter Handke ◽  
Intermediate Space ◽  
The Subject

In this book, Wolfram Hogrebe deals with the realm of the intermediate – an ancient philosophical tradition according to which philosophical thinking is concerned with a kind of intermediate space that holds the orders of concepts and ideas in a remarkable limbo. The in-between is, as it were, a medium sustaining both thoughts and languages and is thus likely to disclose uncharted areas where thinking itself changes. Hogrebe shows how frequently this in-between, which has also been known to surface in experiences of nature, is the subject theme of a host of different philosophers and poets such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Martin Heidegger, Henry David Thoreau and Peter Handke.

Prefigurations of Thinking about Thinking

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (106)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wrzosek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Strategy Subject ◽  
Historical Nature

The article presents arguments about the difficulties of thinking about thinking, notes the historical nature of both thinking itself and the dialogue about it. The author searches for allies for the thesis that thinking about thinking cannot complete itself because thinking about itself does not follow the cognitive strategy Subject/object. It is not possible, in an act of self-communication (self-recognition), to be both the interpretandum and the interpretans. An interpretandum cannot be simultaneously the interpretans in the thinking of the Self. The author gathers arguments for the thesis that thinking about thinking can be supported by the data on pre-philosophical thinking and on the mechanism of metamorphosis.

Historical Roots of Existentialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Context Features ◽  
Freedom And Responsibility

This chapter shows the inheritance by existentialism of ideas from the philosophical tradition. Socrates serves for Kierkegaard and Marcel as a model for the authentic practice of philosophy and for initiating interior reflection of the self. Sartre, Beauvoir, and Camus debated Stoicism’s understanding of freedom from external circumstances. Husserl and Heidegger interpreted Augustine’s conception of time, while Heidegger along with Beauvoir adapted, in a secular context, features of his conception of religious conversion. Augustine, Shakespeare, and Montaigne explored inner reflection and the nature of the self which came to be critically echoed in existentialist conceptions. The Enlightenment generated a philosophy of human freedom, defending the rational autonomy of the individual. Critical engagement of these ideas is shown to have shaped existentialist conceptions of authenticity, subjectivity, inwardness, freedom, and responsibility.

TALKING TO OURSELVES? ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHY AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE

Think ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Chris Norris
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
The Public Sphere

This essay takes a hard look at the current state of much academic (mainly analytic) philosophy and sets out to diagnose where things have gone wrong. It offers a sharply critical assessment of the prevailing narrowness, cliquishness, linguistic inertness, like-mindedness, intellectual caution, misplaced scientism, over-specialisation, guild mentality, lack of creative or inventive flair, and above all the self-perpetuating structures of privilege and patronage that have worked to produce this depressing situation. On the constructive side I suggest how a belated encounter with developments beyond its cultural-professional horizons – including certain aspects of ‘continental’ philosophy – might bring large (and reciprocal) benefits. I also offer some tentative ideas as to what ‘creativity’ could or should mean as applied to philosophical thinking and writing.

Nietzsche’s Therapy of Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Basic Features

AbstractThis paper examines Nietzsche’s relation to the therapeutic philosophical tradition paradigmatically represented by the Hellenistic schools. On the one hand, given his project of rehabilitating Western culture and his understanding of the philosopher as a “physician of culture”, Nietzsche seems also to hold a therapeutic understanding of philosophy; on the other hand, he is extremely critical of any (philosophical, moral or religious) attempt to heal mankind. This paper does not aim to solve this tension but rather characterizes Nietzsche’s endeavor in this respect as a therapy of therapy. Through analysis of a) the basic features of the Hellenistic conception of philosophy, b) Nietzsche’s development of the analogy of the “philosophical physician”, c) his diagnosis of culture, and d) his criticism of previous therapists, I show that Nietzsche can be formally included in this tradition of thought, even if this inclusion has implications for the tradition itself. As I suggest, given the self-referentiality of Nietzsche’s therapy, his inclusion in this tradition might in fact simultaneously entail its own self-suppression.

A Stronger Case for Religion: Perspectives on Multicultural Education and on Religiously Affiliated Schools

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Friedrich Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Democratic Education ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religiously Affiliated ◽  
Critical Reflexivity ◽  
New Synthesis

Against all possible objections, religiously affiliated schools clearly have a place within multicultural education. Yet they may only play their future role if they really are, or become, agents of educational reform, for example, with a clear emphasis on interreligious learning and on supporting a new synthesis between religious tradition and critical reflexivity of the self. Churches and religious communities must come to understand themselves as well as their educational institutions as part of the strong civil society on which the future of democratic education may well depend.

The Dimensions of the Self: Buddhi in the Bhagavad-G¯tā and Psyché in Plotinus

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Armstrong ◽  
R. Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bhagavad Gita ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bhagavad Gītā ◽  
The Universe

The Bhagavad-Gītā is the most important text in the smrti (what is remembered) literature of India, as distinct from the śruti (what is heard) literature which is traditionally regarded as ultimately authoritative. The Bhagavad-Gītā has been assigned a date ranging from the fifth century B.C. to the second century B.C. The Indian religious tradition places the Gītā at the end of the third age of the present cycle of the universe and the beginning of the fourth, namely the Kali Yuga to which we belong.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document