scholarly journals The influence of the methods of the main tillage and fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of chernozem

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Tatyana Aleksandrovna Trofimova ◽  
Sergey Ivanovich Korzhov ◽  
Vladimir Petrovich Belogolovtsev ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Preymak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Agrochemical Properties

In experiments carried out on ordinary and leached chernozem, the effect of minimizing the methods of basic tillage and biologization on the fertility of these soils was analyzed. The studies were carried out in stationary and short-term experiments from 1984 to 2017. The effect of various methods and depths of the main tillage, autumn tillage systems, and fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators of chernozem was studied. Refusal to carry out farewell processing in grain cultivating crop rotation leads to an increase in the differentiation of the arable layer, a decrease in the fertility of its lower part. The use of annual tillage in the crop rotation resulted in a decrease in the humus content in the soil layer of 0–40 cm by 0.17% (after fertilizers application) and by 0.22% (without fertilizers) compared to the dump processing by 20–22 cm. Organic fertilizers in a complex with minerals during farewell processing promotes an increase in the content of humus in comparison with the surface distribution during surface mulch tillage. A decrease in soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops without dump processing is proved.  

Dynamics of fertility of chernozemic soil and monoculture of corn and in short term crop rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
A Malienko ◽  
N. Tararico ◽  
T. Zvedenyuk ◽  
V. Lyubomskyy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

It was found that long-term cultivation of corn with the fertilizer application rate of N70P72K72 kg/ha of crop rotation and embedding as a by-product of organic fertilizers does not lead to a reduction in yields of the crop. In addition, during prolonged systematic burying of 21,7 t/ha of reside of corn stalks into the soil, there is a favorable for humus and nutrient status. In five-course grain-row crop rotations due to the reduction of organic matter in revenues of 2.5 times, there is a decrease of humus content.

scholarly journals Biologized crop rotation – the main factor for fertility increases of sod-podzolic soils and arable land productivity in the Upper Volga

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Сабир Эседуллаев ◽  
Sabir Esedullaev ◽  
Иван Мельцаев ◽  
I. Meltsaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Upper Volga

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of biologized crop rotation with six fields by 50 %, saturated with legumes, on soil fertility and crop productivity on typical sod-podzolic light loamy soils of the Upper Volga. As a result of field experiments and laboratory studies, new data and knowledge about the effect of crop bipolarization on its productivity and the properties of sod-podzolic soil were obtained. For the first time in the region, it has been studied and established that use of legumes in the crop rotation instead of organic fertilizers partially contributes to the replenishment of the soil with organic matter and nitrogen in the form of organic residues and nodule bacteria, which leads to a decrease in the degradation of soil fertility or even to some improvement. By the end of rotation of the crop rotation when applying (NPK) 90 kg/ha compared with the control version (without NPK), in the biologized crop rotation, the humus content increased by 0.14 %, the acidity of the soil solution slightly decreased by 0.25 units, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 59 %, mobile phosphorus – by 72.8 % and exchange potassium – by 70.4 %. The density of soil compaction as a whole in a layer of 0–20 cm in occupied steam, under spring wheat and oats amounted to 1.22–1.24 g/cm3, in other crops (where treatment was not carried out for 2 years) – 1.35–1.39 g/cm3. Mineralization of flax tissue more actively occurred under clover 1st and 2nd years of use – 35.6–42.7 % and 31.0 and 37.3 % and in the employed (vetch-oat) – 26.5–34.4 %, less intensively under winter wheat – 20.9–27.5 and oats – 20.1–25.2 % and very weakly under spring wheat – 13.0–16.5 % at the control and the level of mineral nutrition, respectively. There were fewer weeds in winter wheat sowings – 84 pcs/m2, since it is more competitive with them, oats – 112 pcs, clover – 131 pcs, in a couple – 124 pcs and spring wheat – 138 pcs/m2. Productivity of crops to a greater extent was determined by the applied fertilizers. In fertilized plots, compared with the control, the productivity of the oatmeal mixture was 36.2 % higher, spring wheat – 24.4 %, clover 1st year of use – by 36.2 %, 2nd year of use – by 45.7 %, winter wheat – by 25.7 % and oats – by 30 %.

scholarly journals The effect of fertilizers on the fertility of leached chernozem in different technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
O.V. Volynkina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Positive Effect

The article shows the effective and potential fertility of leached low-humus, low-power medium-loamy chernozem under the conditions of a stationary field experiment at the Central Experimental Field of the Kurgan Research Institute. Two technologies are characterized. In the first part of the experiment, the crop rotation is corn-wheat-wheat-oats with annual plowing, in the second part-permanent wheat on a stubble background. The first technology was distinguished by a higher effective fertility, a large number of plant residues, due to which its advantage was manifested in the content of humus. The fertilizer increased the productivity of agricultural crops. In increasing crop yields, the use of N40P20 was economically and environmentally optimal. The positive effect of fertilizers on the humus content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm was manifested when applying N50-75Р in the first part of the experiment and N40-60P20 in second part, which was not observed with unilateral nitrogen fertilizer and the use of dozes N25-20P.

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

scholarly journals Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Middle Volga Region

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS ON THE HUMUS BALANCE IN SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
L. М. Skachok ◽  
N. I. Horbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective. To study the efficiency of inoculation of seeds by biological preparations under in-fluence on humus balance in growing crops in short crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory, cal-culation-comparative. Results. It was found that the highest entrance of organic matter in the soil was due to the use of organo-mineral fertilizing system NPK-manure-green manure, which contrib-utes to the increase of organic carbon reserves by 17.4 t/ha without the use of microbial prepara-tions and by 18.0 t/ha against the background of microbial preparations in comparison with the mineral fertilizing system. The use of microbial preparations under the fertilizing systems NP-manure-green manure allows to increase the amount of organic matter entering the soil by 1.2 and 1.6 t/ha during crop rotation. Under the use of organic fertilizers (manure, green manure) in com-bination with mineral ones and seed inoculation, not only the recovery of fertility of sod-podzolic soil, but also increase in the content of humus within the limits of 0.43–0.53 t/ha is reported. The use of manure on the background of the NPK makes it possible to increase the humus reserves in the soil by 0.11 and 0.15 t/ha per year. During crop rotation, the amount of newly formed humus in this variant exceeded its mineralization loss by 0.42 t/ha without microbial preparations and by 0.58 t/ha on the background of microbial preparations. Conclusion. The positive effect of the use of biological preparations under inoculation of seeds in combination with the organo-mineral fertiliz-ing system on the content of humus in sod-podzolic soil on average by crop rotation was estab-lished. Organic-mineral fertilizing system (NPK + manure + green manure) provides the highest growth of humus reserve in soil — 0.53 t/ha per year. The use of microbial preparations in the cul-tivation of crops under this fertilizing system contributes to the increase of humus content in the soil by 0.16 t/ha during crop rotation.

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