scholarly journals Selection and comparative assessment of the productivity of different early maturity maize hybrids in the steppe zone of the Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Natalya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Early Maturing

The data of studies on the selection and comparative assessment of the productivity of different early maturity groups of maize hybrids: ultra-early maturing - Ross 140 SV, RNIISK-1, NUR, Baikal; early maturing - Mashuk 175 MV, Mashuk 185 MV, Rodnik 180 SV, Darina MV; mid-early - Dokuchaevsky 190 SV, Krasnodar 194, Raduga, Mashuk 250 SV. All studied hybrids were distinguished by high laboratory germination capacity. Their field germination rate varied from genetic characteristics by no more than 2.1–2.8%, mainly depending on weather conditions. The features of the formation of the leaf surface, green and dry biomass, depending on the group of ripeness of the hybrids, were revealed. The maximum indicators of leaf surface formation (42.01 thousand m2), photosynthetic potential (2917 thousand m2 / ha · day) and dry biomass (9.28 t / ha) in the panicle-sweeping phase were in the mid-early hybrid Rainbow. The maximum grain yield (5.84 t / ha) was in the mid-early hybrid Raduga, which is 0.9 t / ha higher compared to the early-maturing hybrid Mashuk 185 MV and 1.16 t / ha higher than the ultra-early hybrid RNIISK- 1.

scholarly journals Influence of the seeding rate of seeds on the productivity of various corn hybrids in the conditions of the Saratov Right Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Natalya Viktorovna Nikolaichenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Isatai Kenesovich Zhumagaliev
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The data of long-term research aimed at improving the forage reserve in order to provide livestock with high-grade concentrated green fodder and silage are presented. The necessity of selection and comparative assessment of maize hybrids of different early maturity and improvement of the basic methods of cultivation technology has been substantiated. The seeding rates slightly changed the field germination rate. On average for 2017–2019 at a seeding rate of 50 thousand seeds per 1 hectare by the panicle-sweeping phase, the leaf surface of the mid-early hybrid Rainbow was 31.2 thousand m2/ha, which is 9.5% higher compared to the early-ripening hybrid Mashuk 185 MV ( 28.5 thousand m2/ha) and 14.3% higher compared to the ultra-early hybrid RNIISK-1 (27.3 thousand m2/ha). With an increase in the seeding rate over 50 thousand seeds per hectare, the leaf surface of all hybrids increased and was maximum at 70 thousand seeds per hectare. The minimum leaf area was at a seeding rate of 40 thousand seeds per hectare. Similarly to the formation of the leaf surface, the accumulation of green and dry biomass took place depending on the seeding rate in the ultra-early maize hybrid RNIISK-1. In the early-maturing hybrid Mashuk 185 MV and the mid-early hybrid Raduga, the accumulation of green and dry biomass did not depend on the seeding rate. Such features of the growth and development of maize hybrids, depending on the seeding rate, influenced the structure and size of the grain yield.

scholarly journals Use of different criteria for estimating precocity of heterosis maize hybrids in forest-steppe conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
S. P. Kotsyuba ◽  
◽  
Zh N. Novak ◽  
O. P. Naklioka
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In the article it is shown the results of the study of heterosis hybrids of corn on the signs of early ripening, such as: the growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem, the moisture yield of grain during harvest. To distribute our corn material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots – full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator today is the moisture content of grain when harvested in percentage, it allowed to distribute heterosis hybrids into two groups: early-maturing (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate in detail the material under study. In 2020, the growing season was within 107.8 days, which is almost three days less than in 2021. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2021. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied hybrids of the two maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of early-maturing maize hybrids and one hybrid of the middle-ripening group of maturity, to determine the variability of hybrid grain moisture in different periods of grain maturation. The year 2021 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (69.9 mm) in August 2021. Hybrids that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as № 47 × № 33. Therefore, our selected hybrids can be successfully used in planning a strategy for early maturity. In establishing the patterns of moisture transfer of grain when it reaches, in particular, the influence of the conditions of the year, in our study group were identified two hybrids consistently better in terms of grain moisture. Preference should be given to hybrids № 31 × № 37 and № 83 × № 125, which combine indicators of early maturity: the shortest growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem and the rate of moisture.

scholarly journals AGE DYNAMICS OF EXTERIOR FEATURES OF BULLS OF EARLY MATURING AND FAST GROWING MEAT AND COMBINED BREEDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
V.S. Kozyr ◽  
О.А. Tsvigun
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Lateral Profile

The exterior is closely related to the constitutional characteristics of animals. In the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine, as in other regions, research is not enough and this work should be continued, since evolutionary changes in the rocks occur constantly. Therefore, our research is relevant. In the experimental farm of the Institute of Grain Crops, 3 groups of bull-calves of specialized meat Hereford, Charolese and combined Simmental breeds were formed (15 animals each). The content was loose, the feeding conditions were the same. Herefords are smaller than Charolais and are inferior to them in all body measurements (height, width, length, depth). However, they are more compact with pronounced meat forms. Although after 18 months of age, the indicators of articles decreased markedly and some obesity was observed, which confirms their early maturity. Gobies were characterized by a harmonious physique, had rounded shapes, and their lateral profile resembled a rectangle, which indicates a potentially high meat productivity. Their head is short and wide, the neck is short and thick, the chest is deep, wide with rounded ribs, but relatively short, the topline is straight and wide, the back is straight, long, wide, the legs are widely spaced, strong, the muscles are magnificently developed, the skin is loose, thick long hair. At the end of the study, the exterior features of Simmental bulls differed in a greater direction from animals of specialized meat breeds in terms of measurements of such items as height at the withers, back and rump, depth and chest girth. However, they were inferior to them in chest width, in the hips, hip joints, sciatic tubercles.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Nicandra physaloides (variety Nakhodka) under the conditions of the steppe zone of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Nataliya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizkov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytcev ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Norovyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Maximum Field ◽  
Vegetation Phase

The results of long-term studies of botanical, biological and agrotechnical features of the new introduced fodder culture Nicandra physaloides are presented. The maximum field germination (76.5%) was after sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm and a seeding rate of 0.15 million pcs / ha. The assimilation apparatus of Nikandra is formed in close dependence on weather conditions, the vegetation phase, and growing techniques. The maximum rates of leaf surface formation were in the budding – flowering phase. With an increase in planting density, the leaf surface increases and reaches the highest rates (45.50 thousand m2 / ha) with a seeding rate of 0.25 million pcs / ha in sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm, which is 1.4 times lower than with a minimum seeding rate (0.15 million pcs / ha) and the same sowing method. The accumulation of green and dry biomass took place analogously to the formation of the leaf surface. On average, over the years of research, maximum results on the yield of green mass (40.3 t / ha), the number of feed units (7.52 t / ha), digestible protein (1.06 t / ha), the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit (140.8 g) was after a wide-row sowing method (45.0 cm) and a seeding rate of 0.2 million pcs / ha. It is shown that a decrease and an increase in the seeding rate leads to a decrease in the biomass yield of the Nikandra by 12–15%.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF POTATO VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS DURING STORAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Ye.P. Kondratenko ◽  
◽  
T.A. Miroshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Research Goal

The potato (Solánum tuberósum) is one of the main food crops of the Siberian region. The research goal was the selection of potato varieties of different maturity periods suitable for storage. We analyzed the yielding capacity and storage of potatoes in the Kemerovo Region from 2016 through 2020. Over 5 years of research, the range of yield variation of early maturing varieties averaged 11.9%. The fluctuations over the years were from 6.2% to 18.9%. It was found that the decrease dynamics of potato gross har-vest was similar to the decrease dynamics of the sown areas and yields. Potato storability studies were carried out on the farm of KFKh Tumanov A.A. The farm is located in the steppe zone of the Kuznetskaya Depression. The soil type is the leached heavy loamy chernozem with the hu-mus layer of 20-25 cm and pHof 5.6-5.8. The preceding crop was wheat. The research targets were potato tubers of medium early and early maturity varieties. The following was determined: potato tuber quality, starch weight per-centage, ascorbic acid content according to L.E. Gunar, and dry solids according to GOST (Russian National Standard). Mathematical processing was carried out ac-cording to B.A. Dospekhov. It was found that the quality of potatoes placed for storage depended on the cultivation conditions and varietal characteristics. All varieties lost some dry solids, vitamin C and starch during storage. The maximum losses were found regarding the number of pota-to tubers affected by dry rot. It was found that after 4 months of storage, the natural tuber weight loss aver-aged 1.8% for early-maturing varieties; it decreased to 6.6% over 9 months of storage; the weight loss averaged 2.0% for medium-early varieties (after 4 months); 5.4% -after 9 months; that was by 4.8% and 3.4% more, respec-tively.

Comparative Characteristics of Assessment Methods for Arachis Hypogaea Collection Samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-95
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
The South ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Number Of Branches

Peanuts are plants of the tropical zone, therefore, for its growth and development, high temperature indicators are needed during a fairly long growing season. The climatic parameters of the south of Ukraine correspond to the needs of this culture, and today there is positive experience in growing peanuts in this region. In order to increase the efficiency of growing peanuts in the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is necessary to carry out genetic selection work to study and select a more adapted source material in order to create highly productive Ukrainian varieties adapted to the arid zone conditions. At the initial stage of this work, it is necessary to have clear signs and characteristics for evaluating the studied genotypes, and the existing methods for describing the characters and conducting an examination for distinctness, uniformity, and stability are incomplete and do not meet the requirements for in-depth work on private genetics and culture breeding. For our work, we used 18 peanut genotypes as a material, which make up the collection of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAASU. Studies were carried out in 2018 and 2019, in different weather conditions. All measurements, observations and statistical processing in the study of samples were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. When conducting a comparative analysis of the two methods for describing the signs of underground peanuts, it was found that one of the methods contains 23 signs and the other 17. The signs of the vegetative part of plants that characterize the habit and structure of the leaf predominate in both methods. We have identified and proposed for description 9 new characters in peanut plants: 2 - leaf characters (additional leaves and pubescence); 1 - the structure of beans (weight 100 beans); 1 - an economically valuable trait (the presence of nodules on the roots); 5 - flower features (size and color of the flower and border). In terms of plant habitat, Ukrainian Stepnyak and Krasnodar 13 varieties were distinguished, which had the highest height (43.8 cm) and the largest number of branches (9.3 pcs.). In addition to morphological identification features for the description and examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability, we have also studied the quantitative characteristics of underground peanuts. It was established that the height of peanut plants in the field conditions of the south of Ukraine ranged from 14 to 44 cm. The highest variety was the Ukrainian Stepnyak variety, and the shortest one was Pink large. The largest number of branches is 9.3 pcs. noted in the variety Krasnodar 13, and the smallest 4.62 pcs. - at L3. And the largest flower of 1.91 cm stood out White-pink 3. The quantitative traits we studied are characterized by continuous variability, which is due to the interaction between genes and the environment. Thus, to identify varietal variability in underground peanuts, it is necessary to use both existing methods, and in the near future, work should be done to combine them with the inclusion of new identified characters to more clearly identify the genotypes of this new valuable oilseed crop.

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

scholarly journals Trait association for improved grain yield of extra-early maturing maize hybrids evaluated in the forest and transitional zones of Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Adu ◽  
◽  
R. Akromah ◽  
M.S. Abdulai ◽  
K. Obeng-Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Trait Association ◽  
Early Maturing
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