Comparative Characteristics of Assessment Methods for Arachis Hypogaea Collection Samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-95
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
The South ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Number Of Branches

Peanuts are plants of the tropical zone, therefore, for its growth and development, high temperature indicators are needed during a fairly long growing season. The climatic parameters of the south of Ukraine correspond to the needs of this culture, and today there is positive experience in growing peanuts in this region. In order to increase the efficiency of growing peanuts in the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is necessary to carry out genetic selection work to study and select a more adapted source material in order to create highly productive Ukrainian varieties adapted to the arid zone conditions. At the initial stage of this work, it is necessary to have clear signs and characteristics for evaluating the studied genotypes, and the existing methods for describing the characters and conducting an examination for distinctness, uniformity, and stability are incomplete and do not meet the requirements for in-depth work on private genetics and culture breeding. For our work, we used 18 peanut genotypes as a material, which make up the collection of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAASU. Studies were carried out in 2018 and 2019, in different weather conditions. All measurements, observations and statistical processing in the study of samples were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. When conducting a comparative analysis of the two methods for describing the signs of underground peanuts, it was found that one of the methods contains 23 signs and the other 17. The signs of the vegetative part of plants that characterize the habit and structure of the leaf predominate in both methods. We have identified and proposed for description 9 new characters in peanut plants: 2 - leaf characters (additional leaves and pubescence); 1 - the structure of beans (weight 100 beans); 1 - an economically valuable trait (the presence of nodules on the roots); 5 - flower features (size and color of the flower and border). In terms of plant habitat, Ukrainian Stepnyak and Krasnodar 13 varieties were distinguished, which had the highest height (43.8 cm) and the largest number of branches (9.3 pcs.). In addition to morphological identification features for the description and examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability, we have also studied the quantitative characteristics of underground peanuts. It was established that the height of peanut plants in the field conditions of the south of Ukraine ranged from 14 to 44 cm. The highest variety was the Ukrainian Stepnyak variety, and the shortest one was Pink large. The largest number of branches is 9.3 pcs. noted in the variety Krasnodar 13, and the smallest 4.62 pcs. - at L3. And the largest flower of 1.91 cm stood out White-pink 3. The quantitative traits we studied are characterized by continuous variability, which is due to the interaction between genes and the environment. Thus, to identify varietal variability in underground peanuts, it is necessary to use both existing methods, and in the near future, work should be done to combine them with the inclusion of new identified characters to more clearly identify the genotypes of this new valuable oilseed crop.

HERBAL ECOSYSTEMS IN AGROLANDSCAPES VALUYKI DISTRICT OF SOUTH RUSSIAN PROVINCE STEPPE ZONE OF CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Feather Grass ◽  
Motley Grass

The characteristic of the spread of herbal ecosystems in the agrolandscapes of the Valui district of the South Russian province of the steppe zone of the Central Black Earth of Russia is given. Tramped pastures (with narrow-leaved bluegrass, sheep fescue, motley grass) predominate on the site of the indigenous (rich-motley grass, sheep fescue, feather-grass) Donetsk and middle-Don steppes.

Environmental elements for revitalization of entomophages in theforest plantations of the arid zone

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
И.Р. Грибуст
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Biotic Potential ◽  
Estimation Of Distribution

Введение. Лесомелиоративное обустройство территорий малолесных регионов коренным образом преобразует ранее пустынные пространства. Позитивные изменения влажностнотеплового, почвенного, гидрологического режимов, обогащение аборигенной дендрофлоры новыми видами влечет за собой также и трансформацию животного мира, в том числе населения насекомых. Энтомосообщества формируются за счет представителей степной группы, обитателей естественных ценозов, а также группы лесных насекомых, в числе которых виды, являющиеся опасными вредителями и их энтомофаги. Цель работы анализ изменения разнообразия насекомыхэнтомофагов в насаждениях засушливой зоны различных параметров и состояния. Объекты исследований насекомыеэнтомофаги, обитающие в энтомокомплексах защитных насаждениях различного дендрологического состава ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН на территории Волгоградской области (кадастр. 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Материалы и методика. Сбор материала проводили в насаждениях различного хозяйственного значения. Объектами исследования являлись полезные насекомые. Отбор проб проводили посредством окашивания крон энтомологическим сачком, визуальным осмотром модельных ветвей и ручным сбором хищников и паразитированных видов филлофагов с последующим выведением имаго в лабораторных условиях. Результаты и обсуждение. В сообществе полезных насекомых защитных лесных насаждений сухостепной зоны зафиксирован 221 вид энтомофагов, относящихся к 7 отрядам и 32 семействам. Различия экологических условий, ассортимент древесных растений в каждой из посадок, характер и интенсивность негативного внешнего влияния определяют особенности фаунистического населения, в т. ч. энтомофагов. Оценка распределения количественного обилия паразитов и хищников показала, что в лесных полосах хищников в среднем в три раза больше паразитических насекомых. Отчетливо прослеживаются вариации изменения разнообразия энтомофагов в насаждениях разного класса жизнеспособности. Конструктивные особенности, флористическая обедненность и сформировавшийся микроклимат существенно ограничивает жизнедеятельность энтомофагов в малорядных (23 ряда) насаждениях, численность которых здесь снижается в среднем в 2,5 раза по сравнению с многорядными посадками. В вертикальном градиенте посадок по мощности накопления биотического потенциала полезных насекомых выделяется травянистый ярус, наличие которого в лесополосе обусловливает увеличение числа особей энтомофагов в сообществе в 1,32,7 раза. Наименьшую роль в накоплении полезной группы насекомых играет наличие развитого подлеска. Заключение. Наличие в насаждениях энтомофильных древесных растений и развитого травостоя важнейшие экологические факторы для накопления биотического потенциала энтомофагов. Максимальный эффект обеспечивает совокупное влияние определяющих экологоструктурных элементов в многорядных посадках. Introduction. Forest reclamation area developmentpoor regions is radically transforms the previously desolate space. Positive changes in moistureheat, soil, hydrological regimes, enrichment of native dendroflora with new species also entails the transformation of the animal world, including the insect population. Entomologiste formed by the representatives of the steppe group of the inhabitants of the natural coenoses, and the group of forest insects, including species that are dangerous pests and their entomophages. The purpose of the analysis of changes in the diversity of insect entomophages in the plantations of the arid zone of different parameters and conditions. The objects of research insectsentomophages living in entomocomplexes protective plantation of different dendrological composition of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology wounds on the territory of the Volgograd region (the cadaster number is 34:34:000000:122 34:08:000000:6). Materials and methods. Collection of material was carried out in plantations of various economic importance. The objects of study were useful insects. Samples were collected by hilling crowns entomological net, by visual inspection of the model branches and handcollection of predators and parasitism species of phyllophagous with subsequent excretion of adults in the laboratory. Results and discussion. 221 species of entomophages belonging to 7 groups and 32 families were recorded in the community of useful insects of protective forest plantations of the dry steppe zone. Differences in environmental conditions, the range of woody plants in each of the plantings, the nature and intensity of the negative external influence determine the characteristics of the faunal population, including entomophages The estimation of distribution of quantitative abundance of parasites and predators showed that in forest bands of predators on average three times more parasitic insects. Variations in the diversity of entomophages in plantings of different classes of viability are clearly observed. Design features, floristic depletion and formed microclimate significantly limits the life activity of entomophages in smallrow (23 rows) plantations, the number of which is reduced by an average of 2.5 times compared to multirow planting. In the vertical gradient of plantings on the power of accumulation of biotic potential of useful insects, a grassy tier is allocated, the presence of which in the forest belt causes an increase in the number of entomophages in the community by 1.32.7 times. The least role in the accumulation of a useful group of insects is played by the presence of developed undergrowth. Conclusion. The presence of entomophilic woody plants and developed herbage in the plantations are the most important environmental factors for the accumulation of the entomophage biotic potential. The maximum effect provides a cumulative effect of determining ecological and structural elements in multirow landings.

To syntaxonomy and ecology of communities with participation of alien species Hordeum jubatum L. in the South Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Golovanov ◽  
L. M. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Juncus Gerardii ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
The Republic

The synthaxonomy and ecology of communities with predominance of Hordeum jubatum L., included in the «black list» of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016a), the preliminary «black list» of the Orenburg Region (Abramova et al., 2017) and the «Black book of flora of Middle Russia» (Vinogradova et al., 2010), are discussed in the article, which continues a series of publications on the classification of communities with alien species in the South Urals (Abramova, 2011, 2016; Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b). H. jubatum was first found in the South Urals in 1984 as an adventive plant occurring along streets in the town of Beloretsk, as well as in gardens where it was grown as an ornamental plant. During the 1980s, it was met also at some railway stations and in several rural localities. Its active distribution throughout the South Urals started in XXI century (Muldashev et al., 2017). Currently, H. jubatum, most naturalized in the native salted habitats of the steppe zone, is often found in disturbed habitats in all natural zones within the region. The short vegetating period and resistance to drought allowed it to be naturalized also in dry steppes, where it increasingly acts as the main weed on broken pastures. The aim of the work, conducted during 2011–2017, was further finding the centers of H. jubatum invasion in 3 regions adjacent to the South Urals — the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg Regions (Fig. 1). In the main sites of H. jubatum invasion 71 relevès were performed on 10–100 m² sample plots with the information of location, date, the plot size, the total cover, average and maximum height of herb layer. Classification was carried out following the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) with using the Kopecký–Hejný approach (Kopecký, Hejný, 1974). The community ecology was assessed by weighted average values according to the optimal ecological scales by E. Landolt with usfge of the software of IBIS (Zverev, 2007). PCA-ordination method with usage CANOCO 4.5 software package was applied to identify patterns of environmental differentiation of invasive communities. The current wide distribution area of H. jubatum and its naturalization in synanthropic, meadow and saline communities in the South Urals, as well as its occurrence within mountain-forest belt, forest-steppe and steppe zones both in the Cis- and Trans-Urals, indicates species wide ecological amplitude, high adaptive capability and invasive potential. Its vast thickets are known in the steppe zone, both in disturbed steppes around settlements and along the banks of water bodies. The invasion sites are smaller in the northern regions and mountain forest belt, where these are located in settlements or along communication lines. Therefore, the steppe zone is more favorable for invasive populations, and their distribution will continue from the south to the north. Communities with predominance of H. jubatum, described earlier (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b) in the Cis-Urals as two derivative communities (associations Hordeum jubatum [Scorzonero–Juncetea gerardii], Hordeum jubatum [Artemisietea]) and Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati, were met in other regions of the South Urals. Also a new derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati], occuring in the northern part of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, was established. In new habitats this species forms three types of communities: ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (Fig. 2) the most widespread in anthropogenic habitats throughout the South Urals; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii] (Fig. 5) which replaces saline meadows mainly in the steppe zone of the region; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (Fig. 4) which y replaces low-herb meadows in the forest-steppe zone and mountain-forest belt. PCA ordination (Fig. 6) shows that moisture (H) and soil richness-salinization (S) factors are in priority in differentiation of communities with predominance H. jubatum. The first axis is mainly related to the salinization and soil richness. The community pattern along the second axis is associated with wetting factor. The cenoses of the derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (less salted substrates in drier conditions in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone and the mountain forest belt) are grouped in the upper part of the ordination diagram, while communities of ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (drier conditions in settlements, the steppe zone) in its low left part. Thus, axis 1 also reflects the intensity of trampling. Another group is formed by cenoses of the derivate community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii], (salt substrates with a high level of moisturization, on not very damaged water body banks). All communities with H. jubatum are well differentiated in the space of the main ordination axes that indirectly confirms the correctness of our syntaxonomic decision. Undoubted is further expansion of H. jubatum with its entering both anthropogenic and natural plant communities within the South Urals that suggests a constant monitoring in centers of species invasion.

Segetal vegetation of the South Urals: the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
M. V. Lebedeva ◽  
Z. Kh. Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Central Position ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Segetal, or weed, communities are the stands of the weed plant species which are formed under the influence of edafo-climatic conditions and the mode of soil disturbance within the processing of crop rotation (agrotechnical factor) (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). This paper is the second part of weed community study in the South Ural, assigned to the class Papaveretea rhoeadis S. Brullo et al. 2001, syntaxon unites the weed communities of winter cereals with two orders: Aperetalia spica-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 and Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Theurillat et al. 1995; and three alliances (Khasanova et al., 2018). Data on diversity, floristic, ecological and spatial differentiation of mesoxeric and xeric weed communities of the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 in steppe and southern part of the forest-steppe zones are given (Table 1; Fig. 1). The dataset contains 756 relevés: 647 made by authors during the field seasons of 2002–2018, while 109 taken from published monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). The alliance Caucalidion combines weed communities on rich carbonate chernozem soils in the forest-steppe zone. Diagnostic species are Galeopsis bifida, G. ladanum, Galium aparine, Erodium cicutarium, Persicaria lapathifolia, Silene noctiflora, Thlaspi arvense. This alliance occupies the central position within class between communities of forest zone of the alliance Scleranthion annui and these of the steppe zone of the alliance Lactucion tataricae. The last alliance combines weed communities of the steppe zone and southern part of the forest-steppe one on south and typical chernozem soils. Two species are diagnostic: Lactuca tatarica and Panicum miliaceum. Alliances are differentiated in sample plot species richness and coenoflora: 145 species in alliance Caucalidion coenoflora (mean species number per plot is 16), and 207 species in that of Lactucion tataricae (consequently 13 species). There are 8 associations, 4 subassociations, 6 variants, 1 unrank community within these two alliances, among which 5 associations and all subassociations are new. The alliance Caucalidion includes 4 associations with spatiall and crop differentiation, which are mainly character for the forest-steppe part of the Trans-Urals within the bounds of forest-steppe region of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Two associations are new: Cannabio ruderalis–Galeopsietum ladani ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; holotypus hoc loco — rele­vé 7) unites weed communities of winter, less often — spring crops; Lycopsio arvensis–Camelinetum microcarpae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 3) unites weed communities of row crops, mainly sunflower, less often — cereals. In the same area the communities of the ass. Cannabio ruderalis–Sinapietum arvensis Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 (Table 3) unite the weed communities of mainly winter cereals — wheat and rye. These communities, described in 1980s, previously were widespread in the Trans-Urals (Mirkin et al., 1985), while now occur locally in the northern part of this area. The communities of ass. Centaureo cyani–Stachyetum annuae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985, also described in the 1980s, were not found in the 2010s. The diversity of the most xerophytic alliance Lactucion tataricae is represented by 4 associations which occur both in the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals. The most common in the last area are weed row crops (beet, nute, flax, sunflower, corn, peas, buckwheat) communities of the ass. Echinochloo crusgalli–Panicetum miliacei ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5. They are common in five natural districts: Predbelskiy forest-steppe one, forest and fo­rest-steppe of Belebey Upland, Cis-Urals steppe one, forest and forest-steppe one on Zilair Plateu, and Zabelskiy district of the broad-leaved forests. The weed communities of spring and winter cereals of the ass. Lathyro tuberosi–Convolvuletum arvensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5) are common only within the Cis-Urals steppe district. The communities of ass. Lactuco serriolae–Tripleurospermetum inodori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 2) which unites the weed communities of winter cereals, are common in the steppe zone and the southern part of the forest steppe one of the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals within the Cis-Urals steppe, Trans-Urals steppe, and Predbelskiy forest-steppe districts. The communities of the ass. Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 are associated exclusively with the steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The Lactuca tatarica community (Table 8), distributed in the steppe and southern part of the forest steppe zones of the Trans-Urals, probably is derived from the ass. Lactucetum tataricae under the intensive chemical weeding of cereal crops. Floristic differentiation of associations is confirmed by the results of the ordination analysis (Fig. 2), the diagram of which shows the distribution of communities along the moisture (first axis) and the complex soil richness–salinity gradient and agrocoenotic factor (second axis).

scholarly journals Geoenvironmental Implications and Biocenosis of Freshwater Lakes in the Arid Zone of East Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5756
Author(s):  
Talant N. Samarkhanov ◽  
Anar B. Myrzagaliyeva ◽  
Jiri Chlachula ◽  
Ludmila B. Kushnikova ◽  
Jolanta Czerniawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Aquatic Biomass ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Lacustrine Basins

Steppe and semi-desert lakes of Central Asia represent unique and still poorly known aquatic ecosystems. The paper provides summaries of multi-proxy environmental and biological investigations of the previously unexplored ground of Sibe lakes in the naturally pristine zone of East Kazakhstan, and of their contributions to people. Data on the taxonomic composition of zooplankton and zoobenthos of these freshwater lacustrine basins are presented in terms of the species’ frequency of occurrence; the abundance of the aquatic biomass and the analyzed water geochemical variables insofar as they are dependent and correlative. The qualitative and quantitative records display variability in the biocenosis diversity due to the lakes’ geochemistry and hydrology differences—some lakes being oligotrophic and others being moderately trophic. In the latter case, the lakes characterized by an increased macrozoobenthos biomass are favourable for local ichthyofauna. Sapro-biological analysis reveals the predominance of β-saprobic species in the zooplankton composition pointing to slight or moderate pollution of surface waters due to natural biotic substances. This observation is in agreement with differences in the water quality of solitary lakes. The uneven distributions of benthic invertebrates (in terms of taxonomy and species populations) in the water bodies suggest specific hydro-ecological conditions that predetermine the structure of the lakes’ biocenosis. The littoral part of the lakes is characterized by the highest abundance of zooplankton and benthic fauna. The Sibe lakes are an example of an autonomous functioning of the lacustrine basins in the upland arid steppe zone, which is characterized by pronounced climate “continentality” and a high level of the sub-aquatic flora and fauna endemism. The present results are relevant to the understanding of the ecosystems’ dynamics and the modern anthropogenic impacts upon the pristine parkland-steppe landscapes of Central Asia, with implications for regional nature protection and sustainable eco-recreation.

The influence and importance of daily weather conditions in the supply of chloride, sulphate and other ions to fresh waters from atmospheric precipitation

1958 ◽  
Vol 244 (1236) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
Soil Weathering

This paper deals with chemical analyses for hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, sulphate and nitrate ions in daily precipitation samples collected in the English Lake District, and examines the correlations of these analyses with ( a ) one another, ( b ) the amount of precipitation, ( c ) wind direction, ( d ) wind velocity, and ( e ) temperature. Highly significant correlations are found between estimates for H, K, Ca, NO 3 and SO 4 ions, and atmospheric pollution appears to supply much of the sulphate in Lake District rain, since it comes largely as sulphuric acid from the south-east. The correlation between Na and Cl is also extremely close, with the proportion between the two ions very similar to that in sea water. Since these two ions are supplied mainly from the south-west, in amounts which are greatly increased by high winds, sea spray may be inferred as the principal source. Nevertheless, evidence is presented for some small supply from atmospheric pollution, and it is furthermore suggested that mixed droplets of sea salt and sulphuric acid may, upon abstraction of moisture by freezing or evaporation, release gaseous hydrogen chloride to the air and so alter the balance of Na and Cl in precipitation. The supply of Na and Cl is also considerably higher in cold than in warm weather, a phenomenon possibly connected with stormier conditions and greater evaporation over the Atlantic Ocean. The atmospheric contribution of ions to natural waters via precipitation is shown to be of great importance, in particular to bog pools, to upland tarns on hard rocks, and to the soil solution in highly organic mor humus layers overlying heavily leached hillside soils. Sodium and chloride in most surface waters appears to be almost wholly supplied by sea spray, while calcium and magnesium bicarbonates are the main products of soil weathering. A net loss of rain acids is evident in all soil waters, although some may be more acid than normal rain water owing to considerable concentration by evaporation. The soil waters are relatively rich in potassium, presumably supplied from decaying vegetation.

scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

scholarly journals Influence of the growth regulator “Regoplant” and microfertilizer “Ultramag Kombi” on photosynthetic activity of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2021 ◽  
Vol 210 (07) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Larisa Ikoeva ◽  
Oksana Haeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
North Ossetia

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the growth regulator “Regoplant” and microfertilizer “Ultramag Kombi” on the photosynthetic productivity of the potatoes of the Barna variety based on the results of field experiments in the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Methods. Studies on the tasks were carried out in 2018–2020. at the experimental site of the NCRIMFA branch of the VSC of RAS in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the experimental plot is medium-power heavy loamy leached chernozem, lined with pebbles. Results. It is established, that biological products under identical soil and weather conditions assisted different progress of plants and approach of phases of vegetation. For all variants of the experiment, the number of stems increased by 0,3–0,7 pcs., the height of the stems of potato plants – by 3,8–4,9 cm in comparison with the control. An intense increase in the mass of tops occurred when using a tank mixture (growth regulator “Regoplant” (25 ml/ha) + microfertilizer “Ultramag Combi” (0,75 l/ha)) – by 74 g/bush, or 15.5 % compared with the control variant. During the growing season, the sum of the photosynthetic potential (FP) was 1,070 thousand m2 •days/ha in the control, and on average 1198–1406 thousand m2•days/ha in the experimental variants. The greatest accumulation of dry matter was noted when using a tank mixture – 917 g/m2. The maximum pure photosynthetic productivity was observed in experimental variant IV – 6,52 g/m2•day compared to the control option. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the forest-steppe zone Republic of North Ossetia-Alania the effect of the growth regulator “Regoplant” and microfertilizer “Ultramag Kombi” on photosynthetic activity of potatoes was studied. Practical significance. The studies carried out make it possible to recommend in potato production the use of a tank mixture of an effective growth regulator “Regoplant” at a dose of 25 ml/ha and microfertilizer “Ultramag Combi” at a dose of 0,75 l/ha, as an ecologically safe and low-cost agricultural method when processing vegetative plants, providing an increase in yield and quality of tubers.

scholarly journals System of financial sustainability management of forestry enterprises of southern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
I. Diadchenko ◽  
L. Sakharnatska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The South ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Forest Lands ◽  
Southern Ukraine

The article considers the possibility of more efficient use of forest resources of the steppe zone of Ukraine, including by improving the level of financial stability of forestry enterprises in the South of Ukraine. For this purpose, on the basis of well-known principles of process algorithmization, a conceptual model of formation of the financial stability management system of forestry enterprises of the South of Ukraine is proposed. The presented model is based on the economic, social and environmental components (subsystems) of forestry enterprises and in each of them the necessary directions (possible effects) for improving the financial condition of economic entities are identified. The main reasons of normative and organizational nature, which make it impossible to increase the economic potential of forestry enterprises in the South of Ukraine, are highlighted. The directions of cooperation of forestry enterprises with local self-government bodies are offered, in particular: conclusion of commercial agreements on reconstruction of existing and creation of new parks and squares, construction of sanatoriums, cultural and entertaining, development of water purification and water-preserving functions of forest plantations. The mechanism of realization of the system of management of financial stability of the forestry enterprises which is based on realization by the forestry enterprises of a complex of the corresponding organizational and technical and administrative actions is presented. which consists in the implementation of the relevant stages of the enterprise, in particular: capitalization of own assets, identification of sources of funding and diversification of activities. It is substantiated as one of the directions of diversification of forestry enterprises, creation of energy crops on forest lands that cannot be used for other needs, and production of pellets from them for further sale. In particular, based on the calculations, it is proved that the proposed direction of diversification of forest enterprises in the South of Ukraine will not only improve their financial condition, but also attract low-value lands that are unsuitable for growing forests and crops, eventually improving their structure and content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document