scholarly journals Influence of the seeding rate of seeds on the productivity of various corn hybrids in the conditions of the Saratov Right Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Natalya Viktorovna Nikolaichenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Isatai Kenesovich Zhumagaliev

The data of long-term research aimed at improving the forage reserve in order to provide livestock with high-grade concentrated green fodder and silage are presented. The necessity of selection and comparative assessment of maize hybrids of different early maturity and improvement of the basic methods of cultivation technology has been substantiated. The seeding rates slightly changed the field germination rate. On average for 2017–2019 at a seeding rate of 50 thousand seeds per 1 hectare by the panicle-sweeping phase, the leaf surface of the mid-early hybrid Rainbow was 31.2 thousand m2/ha, which is 9.5% higher compared to the early-ripening hybrid Mashuk 185 MV ( 28.5 thousand m2/ha) and 14.3% higher compared to the ultra-early hybrid RNIISK-1 (27.3 thousand m2/ha). With an increase in the seeding rate over 50 thousand seeds per hectare, the leaf surface of all hybrids increased and was maximum at 70 thousand seeds per hectare. The minimum leaf area was at a seeding rate of 40 thousand seeds per hectare. Similarly to the formation of the leaf surface, the accumulation of green and dry biomass took place depending on the seeding rate in the ultra-early maize hybrid RNIISK-1. In the early-maturing hybrid Mashuk 185 MV and the mid-early hybrid Raduga, the accumulation of green and dry biomass did not depend on the seeding rate. Such features of the growth and development of maize hybrids, depending on the seeding rate, influenced the structure and size of the grain yield.

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Natalya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytsev ◽  
...  

The data of studies on the selection and comparative assessment of the productivity of different early maturity groups of maize hybrids: ultra-early maturing - Ross 140 SV, RNIISK-1, NUR, Baikal; early maturing - Mashuk 175 MV, Mashuk 185 MV, Rodnik 180 SV, Darina MV; mid-early - Dokuchaevsky 190 SV, Krasnodar 194, Raduga, Mashuk 250 SV. All studied hybrids were distinguished by high laboratory germination capacity. Their field germination rate varied from genetic characteristics by no more than 2.1–2.8%, mainly depending on weather conditions. The features of the formation of the leaf surface, green and dry biomass, depending on the group of ripeness of the hybrids, were revealed. The maximum indicators of leaf surface formation (42.01 thousand m2), photosynthetic potential (2917 thousand m2 / ha · day) and dry biomass (9.28 t / ha) in the panicle-sweeping phase were in the mid-early hybrid Rainbow. The maximum grain yield (5.84 t / ha) was in the mid-early hybrid Raduga, which is 0.9 t / ha higher compared to the early-maturing hybrid Mashuk 185 MV and 1.16 t / ha higher than the ultra-early hybrid RNIISK- 1.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
A.E. Panfilov ◽  
P.Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
E.L. Tikhanskaya

The results of the analysis of long-term trends in changes in individual climatic characteristics and variations in weather conditions of the growing season in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals for the period from 1958 to 2020 are presented, their influence on the choice of hybrids and some elements of corn cultivation technology are estimated. As a result of calculating the linear trend, a statistically proven trend has been established to increase the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for May – September. At the same time, random fluctuations of the analyzed parameters over the years have a direct impact on corn development and productivity, and the limiting factor is the lower limit of these fluctuations, the values of which increase throughout the analyzed period. Nevertheless, the variation over the years remains strong, and the lower limit of these fluctuations does not reach the minimum level for the stable maturation of early-maturing corn hybrids. Therefore, for the conditions of the Middle Urals, the previous recommendations concerning the selection of corn hybrids for early maturity, cold resistance and drought resistance remain relevant. At the same time, the revealed climatic trend allows to predict an increase in the probability of obtaining feed with a high content of exchange energy, which characterizes it as positive one.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Олег Шайтанов ◽  
Oleg Shaytanov ◽  
Марсель Тагиров ◽  
Marsel Tagirov ◽  
Ханиф Каримов ◽  
...  

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early ripening corn hybrids of All-Russian Research Institute was carried out on typical for the Republic of Tatarstan gray forest loamy soils. Unusual climatic conditions for the XXI century of the growing season of 2017 allowed us to make the most rigorous selection among the studied hybrids. At the time of harvesting a sample was detected with grain moisture 33.0 (control 34.6%), starch content in grain 58.8% (control 49.2%), grain productivity in terms of moisture 14.0% - 5.17 tons per hectare (control 4.73 tons per hectare). Also, two samples with grain moisture content of 38.4-38.7% were selected, which surpassed the control by 33.8-39.1%, with an equal starch content. The results of phenological observations of the growth and development of early maturing corn hybrids over 12 years were analyzed. A close negative correlation (r = -0.933) was established between the average daily air temperature and the duration of sprouting of the early ripe maize hybrids. A regression equation was derived, according to which a decrease in average daily air temperature by 1°C increases the duration of emergence of seedlings of early ripe maize hybrids in Tatarstan by 1 day.


Author(s):  
G. T. Balakay ◽  
◽  
S. A. Selitskiy ◽  

Purpose: selection of soybean varieties that meet the climatic conditions of Rostov region, adaptable to the cultivation technology on irrigated lands. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Rostov region on heavy loamy meadow chernozem soils. 18 soybean varieties of different ripeness groups were studied in 2019 and 2020. Plot area was 150 sq. m. Sowing was carried out by a wide-row method with a row spacing of 0.7 m at a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces/ha. Soybean varieties were cultivated in accordance with agricultural techniques in accordance with the zonal farming systems of Rostov region. The trial establishment, observation over the plants development and the onset of the main phenological phases, yield records, as well as statistical processing of the observation results were carried out according to generally accepted methods of conducting field experiments. Results. The duration of the growing season for soybean varieties has been determined (from 102 to 123 days, depending on the variety). The height of soybean plants in the bean filling stage varied from 81.8 to 123.7 cm. The largest leaf area in the beans filling stage was formed in the varieties Select 201, SK Riana and Select 302 – 71.53; 71.30 and 69.35 thousand sq. m/ha, respectively. The most productive were early ripening and medium early ripening varieties SK Riana, Select 302, Select 201, SK Veda, their average yield for 2 years was 4.45; 4.25; 4.08; 3.97 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Studies devoted to the selection of soybean varieties that meet the natural and climatic conditions of Rostov region and are adaptable to the cultivation technology on irrigated lands have shown that the SK Riana, Select 302, Select 201, SK Veda varieties of “Soy Complex” Company. The Annushka variety (3.80 t/ha), zoned for the Central Black Earth region, and the VNIIOZ selection varieties Volgogradka 1 (3.81 t/ha) and Volgogradka 2 (3.78 t/ha), zoned for Lower Volga region were the most promising.


Author(s):  
A.V. Cherkashyna ◽  
◽  
E.F. Sotchenko ◽  

Optimization of planting dates and plant density for maize cultivation for green fodder is of particular importance under increased aridity in the Republic of Crimea. The aim of the research was to identify optimum planting dates and plant density for maize hybrids for green fodder harvested at the late milk stage under rain-fed conditions of the steppe zone of the Crimea. In the course of the experiment, we found that for the period from 2016 to 2019 yield of green fodder depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the year and plant density, as well as we observed the interaction of planting dates and conditions of the year. The optimum plant density was 70 thousand plants per hectare. On average, the yield of green fodder of early-ripening maize hybrid ‘Nur’ was 19.58 t/ha; medium early hybrid ‘Mashuk 220 MV’ – 19.25 t/ha, medium ripening hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ – 21.3 t/ha.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 924-931
Author(s):  
A.A. Tedeeva ◽  

The article discusses the results of studying the effectiveness of using new generation herbicides: both applied before the emergence of corn seedlings ("Merlin" (150 g/ha); "Cassius" (50 g/ha)), and by seedlings ("Elumis" (1.0–2.0 l/ha)) – on crops of three maize hybrids. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019. The objects of research were maize hybrids of various early ripening (originator Kabardino-Balkaria Research Institute of Agriculture) – Kabardinskaya 3812 (late ripening), Camilla SV (mid-late), and white grain food corn Bella 451 (cultivated not only for obtaining varietal seeds, fodder, but also to meet the food needs of the indigenous population). Flour and cereals from white grain corn are used in most ethnic cuisines of the North Caucasus. In this regard, it is very important to put into production, along with the yellow grain forms used for fodder, highly productive varieties and hybrids of white grain corn for food purposes. The variety is medium late and food grade. The purpose of the research was to establish the level of harmfulness of weeds and their death rate at different periods of their introduction, as well as to determine their effect on the growth, development and yield of corn grain. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of North OssetiaAlania, studies have been carried out to establish the optimal terms and methods of applying herbicides in the fight against weeds when cultivating new highly productive corn hybrids. As a result of the studies, it was found that the treatment of the soil with the herbicide "Elumis" was more effective in comparison with the control option. At the same time, the grain yield was: for the Kabardinskaya 3812 hybrid 8.7 t/ha – on an unfertilized background, 12 t/ha – on a fertilized one; for the hybrid Camilla SV – 8.5 t/ha on an unfertilized background, 11.7 t/ha – on a fertilized one; the Bella 451 hybrid has 7.0 t/ha – on an unfertilized background, – 9.9 t/ha – on a fertilized one. The responsiveness of the Kabardinskaya 3812 hybrid to the application of herbicides was more effective than that of other studied hybrids.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
O. Hozh

The purpose of the research is to identify effi cient microfertilizers and growth stimulants considering biologi- cal features of new corn hybrids of different FAO groups under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine and trace their impact on grain productivity of the plants. The methods of the research are the fi eld method – to study the interaction of the research object with experimental factors of the natural environment, to register the yield and evaluate the biometrical indices; the laboratory method – to measure soil moisture, grain moisture content and grain quality indices; the statistical method – to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results; the calculation methods – for economic and energetic assessment of the growing techniques used. The results of the research. The paper defi nes the impact of microfertilizers and growth stimulants on the yield and grain quality of the corn hybrids of different maturity groups and on the economic effi ciency of growing them. The conclusions of the research. Under irrigation conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine it is recommended that the following hybrids should be grown in dark-chestnut soils: early maturity DN Pyvykha, medium-early Skadovskyi, medium maturity Kakhovskyi and medium-late Arabat, using the growth stimulants – treating the seeds with Sezam-Nano and fertilizing with Grainactive at the stage of 7–8 leaves.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Carmen PUIA

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.


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