scholarly journals Efficiency of Nicandra physaloides (variety Nakhodka) under the conditions of the steppe zone of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Nataliya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizkov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytcev ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Norovyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Maximum Field ◽  
Vegetation Phase

The results of long-term studies of botanical, biological and agrotechnical features of the new introduced fodder culture Nicandra physaloides are presented. The maximum field germination (76.5%) was after sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm and a seeding rate of 0.15 million pcs / ha. The assimilation apparatus of Nikandra is formed in close dependence on weather conditions, the vegetation phase, and growing techniques. The maximum rates of leaf surface formation were in the budding – flowering phase. With an increase in planting density, the leaf surface increases and reaches the highest rates (45.50 thousand m2 / ha) with a seeding rate of 0.25 million pcs / ha in sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm, which is 1.4 times lower than with a minimum seeding rate (0.15 million pcs / ha) and the same sowing method. The accumulation of green and dry biomass took place analogously to the formation of the leaf surface. On average, over the years of research, maximum results on the yield of green mass (40.3 t / ha), the number of feed units (7.52 t / ha), digestible protein (1.06 t / ha), the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit (140.8 g) was after a wide-row sowing method (45.0 cm) and a seeding rate of 0.2 million pcs / ha. It is shown that a decrease and an increase in the seeding rate leads to a decrease in the biomass yield of the Nikandra by 12–15%.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND FIELD GERMINATION OF WINTER TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NORMAL SEEDING SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Светлана Толстова ◽  
Svetlana Tolstova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Plant Stand

The article deals with the issues of plant density and field germination of winter triticale on gray forest soils of the southeastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone depending on the variety and seeding rates. The question of establishing the optimum density of sowing, the area of food for grain crops served as the object of study by many researchers. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. The plant stand density and field germination of winter triticale are significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of winter triticale plants. With an increase in seeding rates, the plant stand density and seeding rate increases, respectively, is important for the formation of a given density of productive stalks. In production, these elements of technology are often underestimated and often unjustifiably overestimate the seeding rate, which is absolutely unnecessary, since the really possible yield is achieved at an optimal seeding rate with minimal seed consumption. The winter triticale seeding rates, both in Russia and in the world as a whole varies from 2 to 8 million viable seeds per hectare. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. Until now, there is no consensus on the dependence of planting density on the degree of fertility. Some researchers believe that nutrient-rich soil requires less seed for maximum yield. Under these conditions, the plants develop better, they bush more, the maximum yield can be obtained with a lower seeding rate. The opposite opinion that it is necessary to sow thicker on rich soils has become widespread, especially in recent years. Advocates of the bottom conclusion explain their point of view by the fact that fertile soil has a greater supply of food and moisture, therefore, more plants can be grown on the same area, which means that the seeding rate should be increased [1,2.3,4.5,6,7]. Research results indicate that winter triticale with increasing seeding rates increases plant density and field germination of winter triticale plants.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SORGHUM BICOLOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS USING NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CRIMEAN STEPPE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. R. Abdurashytova ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Steppe Plants ◽  
Research Period

In steppe plants regularly lack of moisture and it affects the biochemical functions of their development. The aim of this research was to study the enzymatic activity of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere grown by no-till technology under the influence of introduced microorganisms under conditions of moisture deficit. The growing season of Sorghum bicolor during the research period (2018–2020) was characterized by high temperature and arid conditions. The lack of precipitation reached 68.5 % in comparison with the average long-term indicators. It was revealed that the influence of the weather conditions of the year and the complex of microbial preparations (CMP) on the changes in the enzymatic activity of the S. bicolor rhizosphere was at the level of p≤0.05. IIBS (integral indicator of biological state) was calculated based on the level of activity of various enzymes in the soil. The value of IIBS with CMP is close to 80 %. It shows that no-till farming using CMP contributes to physiological stability of the rhizosphere. At the same time, the IBPS annually decreased by 61.1–92.8 % in the control variant without pre-sowing treatment of seeds with CMP, which indicates a slowdown of biological processes. The results of the studies proved that the adaptation of sorghum plants to the effects of abiotic environmental conditions is carried out by regulating the enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere by introducing microorganisms. Consequently, the use of microbial preparations is advisable for the cultivation of S. bicolor by no-till technology in steppe zone of Crimea.

scholarly journals On the Quality of Bare-Grained Oats and Influence of its Cultivation Technology Elements on the Yie

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1754-1759
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Yegushova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Sowing Period

The research was carried out with the aim to establish the formation regularity of both yield and its elements, as well as to formulate technological and quality indicators of bare-grained oats under the influence of different sowing periods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region (Russia) on the territory belonging to the Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the SFNCA RAS in 2018-2019. The soil of the site is leached chernozem, heavy loamy in granulometric composition, of medium thickness. The object of research was the mid-season variety of bare-grained oats Bare-grained. The predecessor is pure steam. Sowing was carried out in three periods: early – on May 4 (when the soil was physically ripe, subsequent ones with an interval of 8-10 days, depending on the prevailing weather conditions), medium - on May 12 and 14, late - on May 20 and 24. Against the background of each sowing period, the seeding rates of 4.0 were studied; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0 million crops/ha. It has been established that the optimal sowing time for obtaining high quantitative indicators (yield, number of grains, grain size) of bare-grained oats in the northern forest-steppe of the Kemerovo region is an early period (first decade of May); while a later period (third decade of May) is more promising for such high-quality indicators as protein content, fat in grain, essential and nonessential amino acids, etc. The optimal seeding rate for bare-grained oats at early sowing period is 4.0-4.5 million/ha. At a later period, it is advisable to increase the seeding rate to 5.0-5.5 million/ha.

scholarly journals PROMISING MIXED CROPS OF SUDAN GRASS WITH FORAGE CROPS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
B.N. Nasiyev ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Mixed Crops

An important factor in increasing the efficiency of crop diversification in West Kazakhstan and reducing the dependence of crop productivity on weather conditions is the expansion of crops most adapted to unsustainable humidification of plants such as chickpeas, Sudan grass, sorghum, corn and sunflower. One of the ways to increase the productivity of Sudanese grass is to use its mixed crops with chickpeas, sunflower, corn and sorghum. Mixtures due to the best quality indicators of feed provide the maximum yield of feed units and digestible protein. The article presents research data on the study of mixed crops of Sudanese grass with annual crops in the conditions of the 1st dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. A comparative test of mixed crops by yield from digestible protein area units revealed the most nutritionally valuable mixtures. So, in the research of 2018-2020, the largest yield for digestible protein was obtained on the variant using sunflower for silage mixed with Sudan grass (1.65 c/ha), slightly lower on the versions of using a mixture of Sudan grass and corn for silage (1.58 c/ha) and a mixture of sorghum and Sudan grass for silage (1.55 c/ha).

scholarly journals The influence of seeding rates and methods of sowing on the duration of the growing season of chickpea plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
A.O. Rozhkov ◽  
Y.U. Voropai
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Phenological Phases

It was shown the results of three-year research on the complex influence of different variants of row spacing and seeding rates on the phenological phases duration of chickpea plants development of different varieties. Reducing the competition between plants by narrowing the width of rows spacing and reducing the seeding rate provided lengthening periods of branching, formation and ripening of beans of both chickpea varieties. Keywords: weather conditions, sowing method, seeding rate, row spacing, chickpea, phenological phases.

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on baby corn production

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2857-2872
Author(s):  
André Augusto Favaretto Lucianetti ◽  
◽  
Silvestre Bellettini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stalk Diameter

Baby corn is the female green ear of the corn plant harvested before fertilization and its cultivation is a profitable alternative for small farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of row spacing (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 m) and seeding rate (13, 15, 17 plants per meter) on baby corn production. The study was conducted at State University of Northern Paraná, Luiz Meneghel Campus, southern Brazil with a 5 × 3 factorial scheme (spacing, density) arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Corn hybrid AG1051 was grown in 5-m long and 6.5-m wide plots. The yield components evaluated were stalk diameter, length and diameter of the unhusked and husked ear, shape index, unhusked yield, husked yield, and marketable yield. Stalk diameter and ear size were significantly affected by row spacing. Ears were not perfectly cylindrical. Baby corn yield was not affected by either row spacing or planting density.

scholarly journals Features of growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants depending on the width of rows and seeding rate in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Pravdyva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intensive Growth

Purpose. To establish the optimal row spacing and so­wing rate of sorghum seeds of grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’, to substantiate their influence on the growing season and biometric parameters of plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The most intensive growth and development of sorghum plants was observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha. In particular, the duration of the growing season under such conditions was the smallest: 108 days for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 106 days for the ‘Vinets’ variety. At the same time, the indicators of field seeds germination, plant height and stem diameter were maximum in the experiment: ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ – 88.7%, 137.3 cm and 1.7 cm, ‘Vinets’ – 86.9%, 121.8 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively. It was found that an increase in seeding rate reduced indicators of productive tillering, leaf area and weight per plant. The most intense tillering of sorghum plants was observed at a seeding rate of 150 and 200 thousand pieces/ha for all the studied variants of the row spacing: on average, up to two panicles well filled with grain per plant, depending on the varietal characte­ristics. At the rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha, tillering of plants in both varieties was somewhat weaker – 1.0–1.1 panicles per plant. The largest indicators of leaf surface area and weight of one plant were with a row spacing of 45 cm: 1528–2320 cm2 and 169.2–185.6 g in the variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 1476–2180 cm2 and 143.1–162.3 g in the variety ‘Vinets’ depending on planting density. Reduction of row spacing up to 15 cm and its increase up to 70 cm led to a decrease in the main parameters of plant growth and development. Conclusions. Sorghum plants developed better when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha, which were recommended for growing crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The influence of farming system elements on the yield of barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
N.A. Feoktistova ◽  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Indirect Impact

The results of long-term stationary studies on the influence of farming system elements on the yield of spring barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals are presented. In the experiment, the role of the precursor; the main tillage (plowing and surface scarification); three levels of mineral nutrition were studied. The variation of the barley harvest for 2004-2014 under the influence of weather conditions that have direct and indirect impact on the formation of the yield of cereals is shown. The yield of barley primarily depends on the level of mineral nutrition. The average yield of barley sown after peas was 3.52 t/ha, with a variation in the range of 2.40-4.24 t/ha. In the variant where the precursor was oat, the yield of barley was 3.39 t/ha with a variation from 2.11 to 4.72 t/ha. The share of the contribution of the growing season weather conditions is 49% (the precursor is peas) and 72% (the precursor is oat). The minimum yield over the years of research was 1.44 t/ha on the variant where the precursor was oat, fertilizers were not applied, and the main tillage was surface scarification. The maximum yield was 5.57 t/ha on the variant with a dose of fertilizers N54P52K52 kg/ha, which were introduced by plowing.

scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Rows per Bed and In-row Spacing on Yield and Spear Size of Asparagus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-654
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
J.D. Cure ◽  
W.J. Sperry ◽  
J.C. Gilsanz ◽  
C.A. Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
The Relationship

Three studies were conducted at Clinton, N.C., to investigate the relationship between number of rows per bed, in-row spacing, and spear yield of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) over 11 to 13 years. In the first study, increasing plant densities from 21,550 to 43,100 plants/ha by doubling the number of rows/bed increased the cumulative yield from 64% to 80% for three hybrid lines (`UC 157', `WSU 1', and `WSU 2') but only 6% for `Rutgers Beacon'. The effects of doubling the plant density were still apparent 13 years later. In the second study, yields of `Princeville' (`Mary Washington' selection) crowns, grown at densities from 14,000 to 86,000 plants/ha, were also increased for 8 years by doubling rows at various in-row spacings. In a third study, in which densities ranged from 21,000 to 387,900 plants/ha, the magnitude of the response to rows/bed was dependent on in-row spacing. Efficient use of bed space and the avoidance of crowding exerted a larger influence on productivity than did average planting density. The yield response to rows/bed was greater and more persistent through the years for wider in-row spacings. Spear size was only marginally responsive to rows per bed and in-row spacing.

scholarly journals The Typicality of Hydrothermal Conditions of the Forest Steppe and Their Influence on the Productivity of Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Andrii Butenko ◽  
Dmytrо Litvinov ◽  
Natalia Borys ◽  
Olena Litvinova ◽  
Ihor Masyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004–2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5oС and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60–70%. The conditions of eight years (2006–2008, 2011–2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13–1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83–9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009–2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37–61% lower than a norm in June–July and grain yield 3.12–6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above.

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