scholarly journals Optimization of the Allowable Speed on Iran’s Freeways to Reduce Violations and Accidents, Using Zero-Truncated Poisson Regression Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Mansour Hadji Hosseinlou ◽  
Alireza Mahdavi ◽  
Mojtaba Alinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The Right

Countries from all over the world including Iran, consider different maximum allowable speeds to control and maintain traffic safety on their freeways, but these actions have not been successful even with the police surveillance. Even though speeding is not the only cause of accidents, past studies indicate that speed plays a vital role in such events. Since respecting the speed limits have not prevented driving violations and traffic accidents, there’s doubt among decision-makers, about the applicability and safety of these legal speed limits in different weather and traffic conditions. They think perhaps there is a need for an optimized and safe speed after doing required studies. Even in the police instructions and notifications in unfavorable weather conditions, the word “safe speed” is used more than the “legal speed” and its limit is not mentioned and its determination is assigned to drivers according to their mental and physical conditions, type of vehicle, and the weather condition. This matter leads to uncertainty for drivers in selecting the right speed.This research is intended to achieve a safe and optimized speed for freeways in Iran, by considering a reasonable adjustment which is acceptable by the drivers so that a substantial decrease in driving violations and accidents could be observed. This work is done by using models developed for predicting violations and accidents on Iran’s freeways. The results indicate that by reducing the allowable speed of freeways from 125km/h to 105km/h, a 48% and 23% reduction of violations and traffic accidents could be achieved.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS COSTS IN SERBIA BY USING DOMINANT COSTS MODEL

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Antić ◽  
Milan Vujanić ◽  
Krsto Lipovac ◽  
Dalibor Pešić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Official Data

This paper presents estimation of the traffic accident costs in Serbia, based on original dominant costs model. Dominant costs model uses human capital approach and this model is developed for simple and quick calculation of the traffic accidents costs, because other simple methods as 1 million rules, are not suitable for estimation of the traffic accident costs in the countries with a low GDP per capita. Knowing the costs of traffic accidents is of crucial importance for establishing traffic safety to the level defined by the size of costs made as a consequence of unsafely. So, politicians, decision makers and stakeholders in the field of traffic safety often need quick estimation of the traffic accident costs and economic effects of the particular measures which are applied for decreasing the number and severity of traffic accidents. The estimation of the level of the traffic accidents costs in Serbia, based on the official data (from the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia) about traffic accidents in Serbia for 2008 is shown in this paper and the comparison between predicted and calculated value of the traffic accident costs for 2009 is also presented.

Research on Safety Vehicle Distance Recognition Based on Stereo Vision and DSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Bao Chen ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Hua Feng Xiao ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Target Vehicle ◽  
Operation Rate ◽  
The Right

With the development of economy, there are an increasing number of cars as well as traffic accidents, thus intensifying the need to take measures to reduce traffic accidents and protect the safety of life and property. Vehicle distance is one of the most important indexes of traffic safety. The measurement of safety vehicle distance has become an increasingly hot research area of intelligent transportation. Through analyzing the basic principle of stereo vision and calibrating the parameters of the CCD sensors both inside and outside, this paper comes up with a method to measure the former vehicle distance based on stereo vision and DSP. Once the vehicle speed and distance form a non-security association, it will give a warning, and upload data or force speed-limiting. According to the different coordinates of the obtained images of the target vehicle from the left and the right sensor, this method can identify feature points, calculate distance to the target vehicle, and analyze the security of vehicle distance. The experimental results show that this method has wide measurement range, high measurement accuracy, and fast operation rate, thus it can meet the actual needs of the measurement of safe vehicle distance in intelligent transportation.

scholarly journals PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL ROADS AND BUILT-UP AREAS: THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SITUATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Nemunas Abukauskas ◽  
Egidijus Skrodenis
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Main Activity

The results of lengthy thorough investigations into traffic safety situation show that the percentage of pedestrians getting involved in road traffic accidents on Lithuanian roads is significantly higher (more than 33 % of the total number of injury and fatal accidents) than that compared to the other European Union member-states. The article studies traffic safety problems and their factors causing the largest influence on the occurrence of these accidents. Considering valuable experience gained by foreign countries, investigation was carried out to establish general and main factors causing insufficient road safety conditions and significance of these factors to road safety. The article also shows the main activity improving road safety in Lithuania and discusses the effectiveness of strategic and local (temporary and long term) measures to improve conditions for pedestrian road safety.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL VEHICLE DRIVERS ACTIONS AT A SIGNAL-CONTROLLED INTERSECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
A. V. Lubentsov ◽  
V. A. Varlakhov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Rescue Service ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Right

The article is considered issues forensic experts face while forensic avtotechnical examinations (expert research) during technical analysis of drivers actions of operational vehicles at signal-controlled intersections. Recently a large number of traffic accidents occur involving operational vehicles which include vehicles: ambulance, road safety service, emergency rescue service, fire service, cash-in-transit service, patrol service of police and others. Traffic Code of Ukraine define the duties and rights of the operational vehicles drivers carrying out urgent official task can derogate from requirements of sections 8 (except traffic controller signals), 10–18, 26, 27 and item 28.1 of this Code subject to inclusion of blue flashing beacon or red color and a special sound signal and ensuring traffic safety. Drivers of other vehicles in case of a vehicle approaching with blue flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal, which can create to it an obstacle for movement, must yield the right of way to it and provide unobstructed passage of the specified vehicle (and vehicles accompanied by it). The most common cause of traffic accidents are erroneous actions of road users that require from forensic avtotechnical examiners in-depth analysis and proper assessment regarding requirements of the Traffic Сode of Ukraine and other normative documents. During of the pre-trial investigation and while the judicial inquiry of cases regarding traffic accidents, the analysis of its participants actions is paid special attention. Appointing a forensic avtotechnical examination investigators (judges) are waiting for a forensic examiner performing of in-depth scientific research of actions vehicles drivers based on special knowledge in the field of forensic avtotechnics.

scholarly journals Analysis of Children’s Traffic Behaviour at Signalized Crosswalks as a Precondition for Safe Children Routes Design: A Case Study from Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Irena Ištoka Otković ◽  
Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš ◽  
Sanja Šurdonja
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

Children pedestrians represent road users with some specifics because of which it is important to study and take into account their traffic behaviour when traffic infrastructure is designed. Design should ensure and enhance their traffic safety because for decades, traffic accidents have been among the first few causes of children and adolescent mortality. Pedestrian speed is one of the important inputs when pedestrian infrastructure, especially crosswalks, is designed. On corridors where children are expected on a daily basis as independent pedestrians, the infrastructure should be adjusted to their characteristics and needs. The results of a study conducted in two Croatian cities of a similar size but of different urban and traffic conditions are presented in this paper. This study aimed at establishing and analysing children’s pedestrian speed while crossing the signalized crosswalk in the buffer area of elementary schools, mostly on primary roads in the school vicinity. Children aged 5–15 were observed, and accordingly V15, V50, and V85 speeds were established on the basis of altogether 600 measurements. Speed was established for children walking individually, in a group and supervised by adults, and of a different age, and based on their gender, the impact of infrastructural elements on their speed in traffic was also analysed. Significant differences were found between children’s speed measured in similar conditions in analysed cities and between some of the analysed groups. This fact proves that when improving conditions for children’s independent movement, it is important to consider their specifics in order to ensure safe design adjusted to children’s needs and limitations. As design speed in this paper, 15 percentile speed (V15) is considered. Suggestions on how to establish children pedestrian speed for design of routes regularly used by school children are proposed as well as some inputs elicited from the study done in Croatia are presented.

scholarly journals Empirical analysis of extreme weather conditions and aviation safety in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-690
Author(s):  
C.O. Akanni ◽  
A.M. Hassan ◽  
T.C. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
A Value ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Safety Accident

The frequency of delay, diversion and outright cancellation occasioned by poor weather has affected the Nigerian aviation industry and serious safety implication.This study therefore examines the influence of weather conditions on aviation safety in Nigeria. Secondary data basically from Nigeria Meteorological Agency such as information on thunderstorm, fog occurrence and rainfall from 2004 to 2013 and data obtained from Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria on air accident induced by extreme weather within the same period were analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis. Results show that low visibility as a result of fog occurrence causes four (4) air traffic accidents more than other weather conditions and that Lagos experienced two (2) air accidents more than other airports during the period under study.  So also the value of R2 shows a value of 77.8% which implies that there is variation in the dependent variable (Airport Operation) which can be predicted by independent variables (Weather conditions). The F-statistic value of 62.892 is also found to be statistically significant at 5% (p<0.05) which shows that weather condition has significant influence on aviation safety. Baseline studies on flight operation, government intervention in aviation industry, maintenance culture were recommended.Keywords: Fog, Thunderstorm, Rainfall, Safety, Accident

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of left-turn priority phasing at Toronto intersections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwarul Haq Dogar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Safety Performance Functions ◽  
The City

Traffic accidents cause a huge loss to the society. According to statistics, 50% of all accidents occur at urban intersections and 47% of these are due to left-turn collisions. Countermeasure Implementation at these locations therefore can play a vital role in the improvement of traffic safety. This study illustrates a methodology for evaluation of urban 4-legged signalized intersections treated with left-turn priority phasing. The methodology is applied to three important collisions types: those due to left-turn collisions; those due to left-turn side impact collisions; and all impact types combined collisions. Data used in this analysis were obtained from the City of Toronto. Safety Performance Functions for left-turn and all impact types combined collisions which were developed by the City of Toronto, were calibrated and used in an empirical Bayesian methodology that was employed to estimate the expected frequency of accidents occurring at each intersection in order to evaluate the effectiveness of left-turn priority phasing in reducing this frequency. The results revealed that left-turn priority phasing can be an effective treatment for addressing and reducing the number of collision at signalized intersections. Flashing advance green phasing is more effective in improving safety for two of three types; all left-turn and all impact types combined collisions. Left-turn green arrow (protected/permissive) phasing is more effective for left-turn side impact collisions. By implementing this type of treatment, the number of crashes and the associated monetary loss to society could be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of left-turn priority phasing at Toronto intersections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwarul Haq Dogar
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Safety Performance Functions ◽  
The City

Traffic accidents cause a huge loss to the society. According to statistics, 50% of all accidents occur at urban intersections and 47% of these are due to left-turn collisions. Countermeasure Implementation at these locations therefore can play a vital role in the improvement of traffic safety. This study illustrates a methodology for evaluation of urban 4-legged signalized intersections treated with left-turn priority phasing. The methodology is applied to three important collisions types: those due to left-turn collisions; those due to left-turn side impact collisions; and all impact types combined collisions. Data used in this analysis were obtained from the City of Toronto. Safety Performance Functions for left-turn and all impact types combined collisions which were developed by the City of Toronto, were calibrated and used in an empirical Bayesian methodology that was employed to estimate the expected frequency of accidents occurring at each intersection in order to evaluate the effectiveness of left-turn priority phasing in reducing this frequency. The results revealed that left-turn priority phasing can be an effective treatment for addressing and reducing the number of collision at signalized intersections. Flashing advance green phasing is more effective in improving safety for two of three types; all left-turn and all impact types combined collisions. Left-turn green arrow (protected/permissive) phasing is more effective for left-turn side impact collisions. By implementing this type of treatment, the number of crashes and the associated monetary loss to society could be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents at Urban Weaving Sections: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Mao ◽  
Changwei Yuan ◽  
Jiahua Gan ◽  
Shiqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Rainy Weather

As a critical configuration of interchanges, the weaving section is inclined to be involved in more traffic accidents, which may bring about severe casualties. To identify the factors associated with traffic accidents at the weaving section, we employed the multinomial logistic regression approach to identify the correlation between six categories of risk factors (drivers’ attributes, weather conditions, traffic characteristics, driving behavior, vehicle types and temporal-spatial distribution) and four types of traffic accidents (rear-end, side wipe, collision with fixtures and rollover) based on 768 accident samples of an observed weaving section from 2016 to 2018. The modeling results show that drivers’ gender and age, weather condition, traffic density, weaving ratio, vehicle speed, lane change behavior, private cars, season, time period, day of week and accident location are important factors affecting traffic accidents at the weaving section, but they have different contributions to the four traffic accident types. The results also show that traffic density of ≥31 vehicle/100 m has the highest risk of causing rear-end accidents, weaving ration of ≥41% has the highest possibility to bring about a side wipe incident, collision with fixtures is the most likely to happen in snowy weather, and rollover is the most likely incident to occur in rainy weather.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crash Severity on Mountainous Freeways in Chongqing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Partial Proportional Odds Model ◽  
The Times

Mountainous freeways always suffer from accidents due to special terrain, weather conditions, driving environment, and so on. Based on the records of 898 accidents that occurred on mountainous freeways in Chongqing during the past 6 years, the partial proportional odds model is used to identify the factors affecting the accident severity. The time of the accident, season, involvement of trucks, accident characteristics, speeding, maximum driving experience of involved drivers, and weather and road conditions are found to be important for the levels of accident severity. Zero to 6 a.m. and 19 to 24 p.m. are the times prone to serious traffic accidents. The probability of serious traffic accidents in summer and autumn is greater than that in spring and winter. Once a truck is involved in an accident, the consequence is often more severe. Turnover and speeding will result in a grave accident. When there is an experienced driver, the probability of serious traffic accidents is low. The fog is extremely unfavorable weather conditions. The probability of serious accident happening in the downgrade, ramp, curve, bridge, and tunnel sections is greater than the others. The results aim to provide valuable reference for traffic safety on mountainous freeways.

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