scholarly journals Evaluation of Reverse Logistics in Challenges within the Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-496
Author(s):  
Mpho Sharon Makgedi Makaleng ◽  
Keith Richard Lambert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Skills Transfer ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The City

The link between reverse logistics and logistics is being increasingly noted by logistics experts and researchers globally, especially in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. This has led to the examination of reverse logistics challenges in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. The main objective was to examine reverse logistics challenges in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies in the City of Tshwane (South Africa). The study aimed to find approaches to deal with the challenges of reverse logistics such as gatekeeping, managerial implications, technology, waste elimination, transportation, and product recalls within the industry. The study was empirical, and a quantitative approach was used. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted by using the Stata V13 statistical software where a descriptive analysis was employed. Questionnaires were posted via SurveyMonkey to the staff at fifty pharmaceutical companies. This resulted in a total of 127 respondents, which provided a response rate of 51%. The findings indicated that manufacturing pharmaceutical companies face a variety of challenges; such as lack of skills and skills transfer, transport, and gatekeeping (amongst others), when dealing with reverse logistics. It is thus recommended that processes and strategies involved in reverse logistics should be known and taken into consideration because of the importance of reverse logistics in manufacturing pharmaceutical companies. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01291 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Prevalence of adolescent obesity at a high school in the City of Tshwane

Curationis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomusa A. Ngwenya ◽  
Tendani S. Ramukumba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

Background: Obesity has been reported to be on the rise in the world and South Africa is no exception. In recent years obesity has been reported to contribute to the increasing number of people with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Africa has the fastest growing number of overweight and obese adolescents, with indications that in 2010, it had more than doubled since 1990. Some people might perceive being overweight as being round and healthy which might contribute to the increased rate of obesity in South Africa. Physical and psychological changes that occur during adolescence can also be observed earlier during the preteen years (ages 9–12 years). During this time, peer groups and external appearance are of importance. Physical changes, such as obesity, might be perceived negatively by adolescents, affecting their self-esteem.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of adolescent obesity at a high school in the City of Tshwane.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Stratified random sampling was used and data were collected from 30% of the total population as recommended by the statistician. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis. Validity and reliability were ensured through calibrating the weight-monitoring scale and the measuring tape, which are collection tools.Results: The results identified the prevalence of adolescent obesity at 8.57%. There is evidence of abdominal obesity and waist–hip ratio ≥ 1. The results show that there is a steady increase in obesity levels among adolescents. The poor response of parents was observed and could demonstrate the need to form stronger partnerships for weight reduction interventions.Conclusion: Evidence-based prevalence allowed for conceptualisation of the scope of the obesity epidemic and how children and young people are also affected. To enable proper planning for adolescent obesity interventions, the depth of consequences of obesity for the adolescent cohort should be well defined and clarified.

scholarly journals South African Generation Y students’ intention towards ecopreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Strydom ◽  
Natanya Meyer ◽  
Costa Synodinos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
University Students ◽  
South African ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Managerial Implications

Orientation: It has been argued that the solution to the deteriorating state of the natural environment should not simply be one of regulation but rather of innovation. As such, entrepreneurship or, more specifically, ecopreneurship has been identified as a possible solution.Research purpose: This study’s primary objective was to determine Generation Y students’ intention towards becoming ecopreneurs within the context of South Africa.Motivation of study: Research regarding ecopreneurship is still scarce within academic literature both globally and in South Africa. This study aims to address this research gap.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative research approach was followed using a descriptive, cross-sectional research design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 522 students across three Higher Education Institutions in South Africa. The statistical analysis used to analyse the collected data included exploratory factor analysis, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis.Main findings: This study’s findings indicate that university students belonging to the Generation Y cohort in South Africa display positive intentions towards becoming ecopreneurs. The students’ intentions were, however, lower than their reported knowledge and concern for the environment. All constructs used yielded positive results, albeit to varying degrees and a positive correlation between them were noted.Practical/managerial implications: Generation Y university students in South Africa display positive intentions towards becoming ecopreneurs. Thus, support to assist them in starting such ventures should be prioritised by incubation programmes and governments funding opportunities.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the existing literature on entrepreneurship, ecopreneurship, environmentalism and Generation Y students in the South African context.

Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frederich Oscar Lontoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive  analysis  were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance  96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

Transnational Habitus and Sociability in the City: Zimbabwean Migrants’ Experiences in Johannesburg, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khangelani Moyo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Transnational Migrants ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
The City

Drawing on field research and a survey of 150 Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg, this paper explores the dimensions of migrants’ transnational experiences in the urban space. I discuss the use of communication platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook as well as other means such as telephone calls in fostering the embedding of transnational migrants within both the Johannesburg and the Zimbabwean socio-economic environments. I engage this migrant-embedding using Bourdieusian concepts of “transnational habitus” and “transnational social field,” which are migration specific variations of Bourdieu’s original concepts of “habitus” and “social field.” In deploying these Bourdieusian conceptual tools, I observe that the dynamics of South–South migration as observed in the Zimbabwean migrants are different to those in the South–North migration streams and it is important to move away from using the same lens in interpreting different realities. For Johannesburg-based migrants to operate within the socio-economic networks produced in South Africa and in Zimbabwe, they need to actively acquire a transnational habitus. I argue that migrants’ cultivation of networks in Johannesburg is instrumental, purposive, and geared towards achieving specific and immediate goals, and latently leads to the development and sustenance of flexible forms of permanency in the transnational urban space.

Analisis Wilayah Kecamatan Potensial Melalui Pendekatan Tipologi Klassen di Kabupaten Ende

Analisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Estherlina Sagajoka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Entropy Index ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine the comparison of the results of the inequality analysis of economic development between districts / cities in the province of East Nusa Tenggara for the period of 2013-2018. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis using the Williamson index, and Theil Entropy Index, using time data per capita PDRB series and population data for each district / city in 2013-2018. The Williamson Index analysis results show that the economic development sector inequality in 21 districts in NTT province is very evenly distributed (low inequality) except for the city of Kupang, which has an Williamson Index value of 1.49 other than districts in NTT province in the period 2013-2018. The Intra Index Analysis Results show spatial inequality within the regency. The city of Nusa Tenggara Timur province is fairly evenly distributed within the regency except the city of Kupang  shows an unequal inequality compared to 21 other districts. Through the Theil Entropy Index calculation of development inequality between 21 regencies and Kupang  tend to widen (divergence) which has Theil  Index of 798,15, while the other 21 districts in the 2013-2018 period have the Theil Entropy Index Index 211,26 for Regencies and  TTS 201,11, while other districts have an index numberbelow 200.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals The effects of greening the supplier and innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unine Van den Berg ◽  
Jean-Pierre Labuschagne ◽  
Hugo Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The City ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Managerial Innovation

Companies in South Africa should realise the important influence of greening their suppliers and of innovation to achieve environmental goals and competitive advantages. In order to prove this, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 75 companies from 11 industries in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality region, South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was done, followed by bivariate correlations to determine the strength of association between the latent constructs. Correlations between greening the supplier, innovation, environmental performance and competitive advantages were done. The research found that a green innovative process had a significant effect on environmental performance. Green managerial innovation further had a significant correlation with competitive advantage. The primary result of the study indicated that all the constructs positively related to each other, meaning that greening suppliers, by means of green innovation, leads to an enhanced environmental performance and to competitive advantages.

scholarly journals The transition to general management in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Mallaby ◽  
Gavin Price ◽  
Karl Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Manager ◽  
General Management ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Right

Orientation: Understanding the nature and challenges of making the transition from a functional role to a general management role in South African organisations.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to gain insight into the obstacles that affect the transition from functional to general management and identify steps that may be taken to overcome these challenges.Motivation for the study: One of the most difficult crossroads for a manager is making the shift from being a functional specialist to becoming a general manager. New competencies and behaviours are required, as well as a more strategic mind set. If the transition is not made successfully, the manager and the organisation suffer.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative design was used consisting of in-depth, semi-structured interviews, with 19 senior business leaders who had successfully made the transition. The interviews were used to gather insights into the challenges they faced during their transitions, and how these were overcome.Main findings: To make the transition successfully, functional managers need to gain relevant experience to prepare them for the broader scope of a general management role. They need to develop appropriate skills, attitudes and personal characteristics. Mentoring is an effective development process. Newly appointed general managers need to learn to let go of control while maintaining ownership, build relationships and strike the right balance between strategic thinking and execution. There are unique aspects of being a general manager in South Africa, such as dealing with Black Economic Empowerment and challenges of race and identity, given the country’s history.Practical and managerial implications: Specific interventions are suggested which are directed at both aspiring general managers and organisations seeking to assist middle managers to make the transition to general managers.Contribution: This study contributes to knowledge concerning the skills and attributes required by potential general managers, and the practical steps to be taken by South African organisations to facilitate the development of general managers. 

scholarly journals INDIKATOR MAKROEKONOMI DAN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Bayu Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average Model ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The City ◽  
Poverty Levels

The high rate of inflation has the potential to increase poverty because it can reduce people's purchasing power, where if inflation rises significantly it can shift the people who are categorized as not poor, become vulnerable to poverty, almost poor and even poor. The aims of this study are to analyze the development of macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation and economic growth that are associated with poverty levels in the city of Bandung. The methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis and the ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model. The results showed that the high inflation in the city of Bandung compared to national and West Java inflation carries its own burden for the economy of the community, where purchasing power will decrease when inflation rises significantly and will have an impact on people's welfare. Inflation in the city of Bandung is often due to the price of food commodities (volatile food inflation). In addition, the high economic growth in the city of Bandung is not directly proportional to the decline in poverty levels. This shows that the quality of economic growth in the city of Bandung has problems that need attention. Therefore, local government in their efforts to encourage economic growth must prioritize poverty reduction and inequality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document