scholarly journals Determinants of the Adoption of Integrated Reports: An International Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Md. Jahidur Rahman ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Rashedul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Reporting Decisions ◽  
Low Levels

This study examines the determinants of companies’ reporting decisions. We employ three measures at the country-level: (1) investor protection, (2) trade union density, and (3) economic development. Regression model analysis was used to measure whether companies used integrated reports (IR) or traditional sustainable reports. Using sample data from Fortune Global 300 for the year 2017, which is the latest available data, this paper follows logistic regression models. The study finds out that the probabilities of publication of IR are high in countries with high trade union density, weak investor protection, and low levels of economic development. These results help companies and managers to better cope with current business environments.

scholarly journals How do union membership, union density and institutionalization affect perceptions of conflict between management and workers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 095968012096354
Author(s):  
Josef Ringqvist
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Social

This article contributes to debates about trade unions and conflict by studying how individuals’ perceptions of conflicts between management and workers relate to trade union membership, country-level trade union density and institutionalization (collective bargaining coverage, centralization and policy concertation). Hierarchical multi-level models are fitted to data from the International Social Survey Programme from 2009. The results show that union members tend to be more likely than non-members to perceive management–worker conflicts and that this appears not to vary substantially between countries. However, regardless of union membership, individuals in countries with higher trade union density and with policy concertation tend to be significantly less likely to perceive conflicts. These findings highlight the risk of atomic fallacies in research limited to the individual-level effects of union membership. Contrary to an argument often raised by pluralists, neither bargaining coverage nor centralization has significant effects. Overall, the results question depictions of trade unions as divisive organizations.

scholarly journals Corporate debt maturity and economic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Álvarez-Botas ◽  
Víctor M. González-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Debt Maturity ◽  
Corporate Debt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bank Concentration

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of economic development on the influence of country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity, bearing in mind firm size and the period of financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ panel data estimation with fixed effects to examine the role of economic development in influencing the relationship between country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity. The paper uses a sample of 30,727 listed firms, belonging to 39 countries, over the period 2005–2012. Findings Corporate debt maturity increases with the efficiency of the legal system and bank concentration and decreases with the weight of banks in the economy. However, the importance of these country determinants is greater in developing than in developed countries. The authors also show that firm size in developed and developing countries influences country determinants of corporate debt maturity. Finally, the results reveal that the financial crisis has affected the debt maturity of firms differently in developed and developing countries, with the effect of bank concentration lengthening debt maturity, this effect being more pronounced in developing countries. Practical implications The findings provide useful insights to guide policy decisions providing access to long-term financing, as corporate debt maturity depends on economic development, institutional environment, banking structure and firm size. Originality/value This study incorporates economic development in explaining the relationship between country-level determinants and corporate debt maturity.

Financial Access of Latin America and Caribbean Firms: What Are the Roles of Institutional, Financial, and Economic Development?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097265272110153
Author(s):  
Lan Khanh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This article examines the impact of institutional, financial, and economic development on firms’ access to finance in Latin America and Caribbean region. Based on firm- and country-level data from the World Bank databases, we employ an ordered logit model to understand the direct and moderating role of institutional, financial, and economic development in determining firms’ financial obstacles. The results show that older, larger, facing less competition and regulation burden, foreign owned, and affiliated firms report lower obstacles to finance. Second, better macro-fundamentals help to lessen the level of obstacles substantially. Third, the role of institutions in promoting firms’ inclusive finance is quite different to the role of financial development and economic growth. JEL classification: E02; G10; O16; P48

Inequality Overhang: A Heterogeneous Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-133
Author(s):  
Francesco Grigoli ◽  
Adrian Robles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Debt Overhang ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Income Concentration

The linearity of the relationship between income inequality and economic development has been long questioned. While theory provides arguments for which the shape of the relationship may be positive for low levels of inequality and negative for high ones, most of the empirical literature assumes a linear specification finding conflicting results. Employing an innovative empirical approach, robust to endogeneity, we find pervasive evidence of nonlinearities. In particular, similar to the debt-overhang literature, we identify an inequality-overhang level, in that the slope of the relationship between income inequality and economic development switches from positive to negative at a net Gini coefficient of about 27 per cent. We also find that in an environment characterized by widespread financial inclusion and high income concentration, rising income inequality has a larger negative impact on economic development because banks may curtail credit to customers at the lower end of the income distribution. On the positive side, a sufficiently high female labor participation can act as a shock absorber reducing such a negative impact, possibly through a more efficient allocation of resources.

scholarly journals Foreign Investment and Export Management and Analysis - Kosovo Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Halil Bajrami ◽  
Bashkim Bellaqa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a special and specific importance for the Republic of Kosovo taking into account the conditions and economic development, which in turn impact the economic development and social improvement of the country. For the state to have a greater absorption of FDI, significant improvement should be made in improving the management capacity in order to create a motivating environment for foreign investment, which is related to the improvement of macro-factors and microfactors at the country level in order to make the environment as attractive as possible for FDI. The purpose of this paper is to present the trend of FDI, the trend of export with a keen eye on Kosovo and to present the correlation of FDI with export. Firstly, at the beginning of this paper, a theoretical review of the literature on definitions of FDI in economic terms and definitions of export is presented. Secondly, the trend and comparison of FDI and exports over the years is presented. Thirdly, FDI trends in Kosovo were analyzed by the country of origin of these investments, etc. Fourthly, in the context of this paper, an analysis in terms of investment management at the country level in order to create an attractive investment environment was made. Fifthly, as part of this paper, empirical analyzes showing the correlations between FDI and Export in the Kosovo case have been made. FDI trends in Kosovo have been decreasing over the years, which must be improved by creating a motivating environment for both domestic and foreign investors. 

scholarly journals Configurational Analysis of the Driving Paths of Chinese Digital Economy Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110545
Author(s):  
Shuangying Chen ◽  
Qiyue Li ◽  
Bo Lei ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Configurational Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Toe Framework ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to examine the combinations of factors driving the digital economy and their configurational pathways, based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Using data on 31 Chinese provinces, the study integrated the TOE framework with Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine the digital economy. The results indicate that (a) firms’ digital competence is a necessary condition for the development of the digital economy; (b) four pathways drive high levels of digital economic development and three pathways lead to low levels of digital economic development; and (c) these pathways indicate asymmetry between high and low levels of digital economic development. The findings enhance understanding of the complex interactions of multiple factors driving the digital economy. They also yield policy recommendations for the development of the digital economy.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Meige’s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haochen Guan ◽  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Weijie Yuan ◽  
Bowen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Uric acid (URIC) is a natural antioxidant, and it has been shown that low levels of URIC could be a risk factor for the development of Parkinson’s disease. Our aim was to investigate whether URIC also plays a role in Meige’s syndrome (MS). We conducted a cohort study to compare serum URIC levels between patients with MS and healthy controls. In addition, we analyzed the impact of URIC on the risk of MS and symptom severity. Compared with normal subjects, URIC content was remarkably decreased in MS patients. In addition, URIC was regarded as a protective factor for MS, as verified by multivariate logistic regression models. We also found non-linear relationships between the levels of serum URIC and the incidence rate of MS and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia rating scale score. Our study is the first to show a connection between serum URIC levels and MS. Low serum URIC levels indicate an increased risk of MS incidence and more severe clinical symptoms. Our findings provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of MS.

Een halve eeuw vakbondslidmaatschap : Een verkennende longitudinale studie naar enkele cyclische determinanten voor de ledenontwikkeling van de Belgische vakbonden, 1946-1995

Res Publica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-32
Author(s):  
Kurt Vandaele
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Structural Variable ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Impact

This article explains the ebb and flow in Belgian trade union membership from 1946 to 1995 by replicating the econometric model by Bain and Elsheikhn in which changes in macro-economic variables are highly significant. Since the automatic indexation of wages and the extension of collective labour agreements invite free riding, the relevance of the change in inflation and real wage is quite striking. However, the free riding-effect is slowed down by the institutionalised presence of the trade unions on the work floor. The Ghent system explains the positive impact of the unemployment rate . The model is furthermore improved by the trade union density as a structural variable. The linear form reflects the enforcement effect, while the quadratic form mirrors the saturation effect on the trade union membership. Mainly due to the 'Allgemeinkoalitionsfähighkeit' of the Belgian government system, the impact of left parties on union growth and decline is not significant in a quantitative framework. With only four explanatory variables the model clarifies more than 75% of the fluctuations in Belgian trade union membership.

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