Methodological approaches to modeling the conditions for the formation of technological losses of oil and petroleum products due to evaporation from tanks

The conditions for the formation of technological losses of oil and petroleum products during transportation through the main pipelines are considered and it is established that the main sources of these losses are large and small airflows of reservoirs. The value of technological losses from evaporation from tanks depends on a large number of factors, in particular: storage temperatures, pumping rates, tank filling heights, physical and chemical properties of the transported liquid, tanks turnover. Until now, a unified approach to the procedure for determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of technological losses from the evaporation of hydrocarbons during storage has not been developed, which leads to disagreements in assessing the actual losses of energy carriers. According to the analysis, it was found that the best is the calculation method for determining the actual irrecoverable losses of hydrocarbons. Its application involves the use of mathematical relationships that describe the dynamics of evaporation of oil and petroleum products in real conditions. To establish such relationships, it is proposed to develop and implement a unit that enables simulation of the process of evaporation from tanks under various conditions and obtaining experimental data taking into account a combination of a variety of factors that affect the amount of the technological losses.

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Petroleum: a Treatise on the Geographical Distribution and Geological Occurrence of Petroleum and Natural Gas; the Physical and Chemical Properties, Production and Refining of Petroleum and Ozokerite; the Characters and Uses, Testing, Transport, and Storage of Petroleum Products; and the Legislative Enactments relating thereto; together with a Description of the Shale Oil and allied Industries Le Pétrole, I'asphalte et le bitume, au point de vue géologique Petroleum: its Development and Uses

Nature ◽

10.1038/055169a0 ◽

1896 ◽

Vol 55 (1417) ◽

pp. 169-170

Author(s):

E. R. B.

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Storage ◽

And Chemical Properties

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The kinetic parameters of aerosols formed during combustion of modified wood

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201825102023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 02023

Author(s):

Feodor Portnov

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Modified Wood

The paper studies kinetic properties of aerosols formed in thermal degradation of wood. The impact of modifying agents in wood surface layer on the quantitative composition of smoke aerosol solids was analyzed. For this purpose, grain-size of aerosol solids was analyzed, and the physical and chemical properties of source and modified wood were assessed.

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Anthropogenic Lakes in Czechia

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie2005110030210 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 210-228

Author(s):

Tomáš Hrdinka

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Agriculture Industry ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Nature Preservation ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Anthropogenic lakes constitute one of the most significant genetic groups of lakes in Czechia. The water quality of these lakes formed through flooding of mined-out pits can be influenced by a number of factors such as physical and chemical properties of exploited rock, characteristics of the mine surroundings, secondary anthropogenic interference and time elapsed since their flooding. The quality of water determines their potential utilization, such as in water supply, agriculture, industry, recreation, nature preservation, etc. This article compares five anthropogenic lakes in mining pits after exploitation of different kind of rocks and on the basis of lake basin characteristics and physical and chemical analysis of water formulates the possibilities of their potential utilization in the context of the local landscape.

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Solutions to Pollution Problems of Oil

Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.1515/agriceng-2017-0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Andesh Abdrakhmanov ◽

Berikbay Orazaliyev ◽

Beibut Zhusin ◽

Symbat Tynysbekova ◽

Barbara Krzysztofik

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Theoretical Level ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe purpose of the research is to improve the processes of conservation indicators of quality petroleum products (POL). As a hypothesis, it was assumed that the quality of fuel depends on its main quality parameters that most strongly vary during storage and transportation. The methods were applied which are used at the theoretical level of research, such as abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, etc. We presented the main problems of pollution of oil. Moreover, we provided indicators of physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and motor oil, which characterize their performance and the list of used additives. We analysed the scientific and patent work. We provided solutions to the problem. Correct storage and use of fuel will help maintain its quality parameters and ensure safety and durability of machinery.

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A Historical Review of the Developments in Casthouse Technology and a Peek into the Future

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.630.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 630 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Peter Whiteley

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Historical Review ◽

Downstream Processing ◽

Energy Costs ◽

The Past ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

Market Requirements ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Over the past thirty (30) years or so aluminium casthouse technology has been driven by a number of factors which have variously included: • Competition from alternative materials • Lightweighting • Market requirements for enhanced properties affecting gas levels, impurities, inclusions, physical and chemical properties, ease of downstream processing, reduced cost and improved delivery • Reduction in conversion cost by various means including capacity creep, maximising asset utilization, minimizing scrap, reducing melt loss, labour, and energy costs • The ever present need for improved safety performance. This paper will explore how these, and related considerations have provided the stimulus for improved casthouse technology which has included developments in hardware, software and culture.

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Statistical criteria of stellar population types

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053304 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

W. Iwanowska

Keyword(s):

Stellar Population ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Population Type ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Statistical Criteria ◽

And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148332 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 500-501

Author(s):

Mehmet Sarikaya ◽

Ilhan A. Aksay

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Structure Sensitive ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Methods Of Synthesis ◽

Successive Level ◽

Engineering Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties ◽

Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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Only one sugar offers you such a variety of important physical and chemical properties

Chemical & Engineering News ◽

10.1021/cen-v037n007.p004 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

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Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sa3.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 31-43

Author(s):

Berta Ratilla ◽

Loreme Cagande ◽

Othello Capuno

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Total N ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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