Environmental risk assessment in the work performance at the construction facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 320-327
Author(s):  
Рустэм Наилевич Ситдиков ◽  
Елена Алексеевна Вайчулис
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Equipment Failures

Соблюдение требований законодательства Российской Федерации и международных соглашений по охране окружающей среды является обязательным при выполнении всех видов строительно-монтажных работ. Организация эффективного производственного (строительного) контроля за соблюдением требований экологической безопасности позволяет минимизировать риски аварий, инцидентов, отказов оборудования, избежать штрафов, сверхлимитных платежей, репутационных потерь. С целью снижения природоохранных нарушений при проведении работ на объектах строительства предложено применение риск-ориентированного подхода в рамках производственного контроля. Для расчета показателя риска авторами проведен анализ нарушений природоохранного законодательства, определены значимые расчетные параметры, разработаны формы проверочных листов контроля соблюдения требований природоохранного законодательства подрядной организацией при проведении строительных работ. Апробация риск-ориентированного подхода осуществлена на объектах технического перевооружения организаций системы «Транснефть». По результатам апробации даны предложения для внесения изменений в нормативную документацию ПАО «Транснефть». Compliance with the Russian Federation law and international agreements on environmental protection is mandatory when performing all types of construction and installation work. Organization of effective production (construction) control over compliance with environmental safety requirements allows minimizing the risks of accidents, incidents, equipment failures, fines, extrabudgetary payments, and reputation losses. In order to reduce environmental violations during construction site works, it is proposed to apply a risk-based approach within the production control framework. In order to calculate the risk indicator, the authors analyzed violations of environmental legislation, identified significant design parameters, developed checklists for monitoring compliance with environmental laws by the contractor during construction works. Appraisal of the risk-based approach was conducted at the Transneft system entities’ retrofitting facilities. Based on the results of appraisal, proposals for amending the Transneft PJSC regulatory documents were made.

Modeling of Hybrid Production Systems with Constant WIP and Unreliable Equipment

2013 ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Mehmet Savsar
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pull System ◽  
Iterative Model ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Set Up

Material flow in production systems can be controlled by a purely push-pull (just-in-time), or by a hybrid push-pull control mechanism. One type of push-pull production control can be implemented by controlling only the last stage during part withdrawals to trigger the production at the first stage. While the final stage is operated according to a pull mechanism, intermediate stages are operated according to a push system of control in order to keep the work-in-process (WIP) at a constant level. Since the WIP levels are limited in hybrid systems, production output rate is very susceptible to equipment failures. In order to establish suitable WIP capacities between the stages of production, it is essential to analyze the production line using appropriate models and tools. This paper develops a discrete iterative model to study and analyze behavior of a push-pull system with unreliable equipment at any stage. The model is utilized to optimize WIP capacities at intermediate stages and number of kanbans at the last stage. Furthermore, an experimental design is set up to analyze effects of various maintenance policies, line design parameters, and operational factors on line performance measures by using simulation results from the model.

scholarly journals Office employee satisfaction: the influence of design factors on psychological user satisfaction

Facilities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyoung Kwon ◽  
Hilde Remøy
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Office Layouts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Factors

Purpose Employees’ satisfaction and productivity is one of the main interests of employers. Psychological comfort can cause dissatisfaction with their work. Thus, it is important to understand what factors contribute to employees’ satisfaction in workplaces. The purpose of this paper is to identify the weight of contribution of each design parameter on increasing psychological satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The study included 579 employees in five offices in The Netherlands through an online survey. The typologies of offices vary in terms of office layouts, orientations and façade. Additionally, a parameter of desk location was included as this factor may be associated with user satisfaction. Kruskal–Wallis H test, categorical regression, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of these design parameters on psychological user satisfaction. Findings The results revealed the impact of design parameters on the psychological satisfaction. The parameters of office layouts and desk locations were the significant predictor factors for the probability of satisfaction variables (e.g. privacy, concentration, communication, social contact and territoriality). The parameters for optimal satisfaction were found in cellular office, north-west oriented workstation and 4 m away from a window. Originality/value Psychological comfort is an inevitable aspect in user satisfaction studies. This paper, therefore, measures and predicts the relationship between design factors and employees’ satisfaction through case studies in The Netherlands. The findings help designers, architects, planners and facility managers to develop user-focussed office design principles supporting employees’ work performance.

Resource-Saving Technologies in the Thermal Insulation-Structural Foam Glass Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
O.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
N.D. Yatsenko ◽  
A.I. Subbotin ◽  
M.Yu. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Structural Foam ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Research Areas

The modern building materials market places high demands on heat-insulating and heat-insulating structural materials. In this connection, the issues of developing high-quality building materials obtained on the resource-saving technologies basis allowing to solve two interrelated problems are topical. The first problem is the industrial waste generated and existing stocks disposal. The second is associated with a decrease in the traditional raw materials deficit [1]. These problems solution, combining rational technological solutions, is based on the scientific research achievements in this area, in particular in the foam glass production. The priority scientific research areas in the foam glass materials production are the developments related to the study, the new raw materials use and the production of foam glass mixture compositions on their basis, which provide, along with the necessary performance properties, high environmental safety requirements [2, 3].

scholarly journals Burnout During Residency Training: A Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waguih William IsHak ◽  
Sara Lederer ◽  
Carla Mandili ◽  
Rose Nikravesh ◽  
Laurie Seligman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residency Training ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Stress Management Training ◽  
Care Giving

Abstract Objective Burnout is a state of mental and physical exhaustion related to work or care giving activities. Burnout during residency training has gained significant attention secondary to concerns regarding job performance and patient care. This article reviews the relevant literature on burnout in order to provide information to educators about its prevalence, features, impact, and potential interventions. Methods Studies were identified through a Medline and PsychInfo search from 1974 to 2009. Fifty-one studies were identified. Definition and description of burnout and measurement methods are presented followed by a thorough review of the studies. Results An examination of the burnout literature reveals that it is prevalent in medical students (28%–45%), residents (27%–75%, depending on specialty), as well as practicing physicians. Psychological distress and physical symptoms can impact work performance and patient safety. Distress during medical school can lead to burnout, which in turn can result in negative consequences as a working physician. Burnout also poses significant challenges during early training years in residency. Time demands, lack of control, work planning, work organization, inherently difficult job situations, and interpersonal relationships, are considered factors contributing to residents' burnout. Potential interventions include workplace-driven and individual-driven measures. Workplace interventions include education about burnout, workload modifications, increasing the diversity of work duties, stress management training, mentoring, emotional intelligence training, and wellness workshops. Individual-driven behavioral, social, and physical activities include promoting interpersonal professional relations, meditation, counseling, and exercise. Conclusions Educators need to develop an active awareness of burnout and ought to consider incorporating relevant instruction and interventions during the process of training resident physicians.

Ensuring Environmental Safety of Hydrocarbon Pipeline Transport Using Nanotechnology

2016 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Vladislav Shantarin ◽  
Yury Zemenkov ◽  
Maria Zemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Dry Water

The problem of eliminating the consequences of accidents and leaks is particularly relevant in the context of tightened environmental safety requirements. The authors investigated the adsorption capacity of "dry water" for storage of unconventional renewable fuels obtained by the pyrolysis method of oil sludge and oil-contaminated lands management. Existing methods of processing oil wastes have a number of drawbacks: low environmental safety, complexity of technical solutions, high energy costs, lack of final commercial products. The novelty of the research is to upgrade the pyrolysis method of managing oil sludge and oil-contaminated lands without air access in the reactor using electric arc discharge with an increase in consumer properties of the wastes involved in resource management. It was possible to identify the conditions of implementing a particularly effective process mode under which there is a cost-effective conversion of combustibles contained in the wastes into gaseous high-calorie energy sources that can be stored and transported, and used for internal requirements in the fields.Presents the results of studies of innovative materials in the field of leaks utilization

scholarly journals 4D modeling in high-rise construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 03044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Balakina ◽  
Tatyana Simankina ◽  
Vitaly Lukinov
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
Story Building

High-rise construction is a complex construction process, requiring the use of more perfected and sophisticated tools for design, planning and construction management. The use of BIM-technologies allows minimizing the risks associated with design errors and errors that occur during construction. This article discusses a visual planning method using the 4D model, which allows the project team to create an accurate and complete construction plan, which is much more difficult to achieve with the help of traditional planning methods. The use of the 4D model in the construction of a 70-story building allowed to detect spatial and temporal errors before the start of construction work. In addition to identifying design errors, 4D modeling has allowed to optimize the construction, as follows: to optimize the operation of cranes, the placement of building structures and materials at various stages of construction, to optimize the organization of work performance, as well as to monitor the activities related to the preparation of the construction site for compliance with labor protection and safety requirements, which resulted in saving money and time.

Modern Technological Possibilities of the Environmental Safety of Food Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 708-713
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Kretova ◽  
S.P. Merenkova ◽  
A.A. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Technological Treatment ◽  
Limited Scope

High susceptibility of barley to pathogenic microorganisms leads to decrease in quality. Under the influence of metabolic products of microorganisms biochemical processes occur in grain leading to changes in the protein-carbohydrate balance, the emergence of a large number of low molecular weight proteins and increased acidity. During the long process of molding grain can form toxic substances such as aflatoxins, citrinin, ochratoxin, zearalenone. Mycotoxins belong to a group of natural toxic chemicals and constitute a serious risk to human health and animals because of their toxicogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic effects. This grain mass can not be used in the production of malt and beer. The level of infestation of grain by microorganisms depends on many factors. Conditions of processing of grain after harvest is one of the main factors, therefore, timely technological treatment of barley grain is important. Traditional methods of grain processing do not always meet the safety requirements, some methods are energy intensive and have a very limited scope. The effective method of reducing the mycelial infestation − method of electrophysical influence, in particular, microwave heating.

scholarly journals Design and Performance Analysis for the Low-Power Holding Mechanism of the All-Electric Subsea Gate Valve Actuator

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6119
Author(s):  
Honghai Wang ◽  
Peng Jia ◽  
Liquan Wang ◽  
Feihong Yun ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Gate Valve ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Production Control System ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Analytic Models

The all-electric subsea gate valve actuator is one of the critical components of the all-electric subsea production control system. To bridge the gap of the low-power holding mechanism in the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator of the subsea production system, minimize the power consumption and cable number for control and improve the open-position keeping performance of all-electric subsea gate valve actuator, this paper proposed a novel low-power holding mechanism for the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator which can be applied to all-electric subsea gate valve actuators with various valve sizes and process pressure ratings. The proposed low-power holding mechanism uses an electromagnet as a driving element, combines the spiral transmission and the cam-like transmission, and only requires a holding force of approximately 2–7% of the maximum load of the closing spring to keep the valve open. The proposed low-power holding mechanism converts the axial force of the closing spring into the circumferential force, which substantially reduces the output force required for the driving element of the low-power holding mechanism and the number of the actuator’s control cables. Analytic models are created for the lockable maximum load of the closing spring and the permissible stroke of the locking tab with regard to the design variables. The parameter effects and the corresponding sensitivities are discussed by numerical analysis. The design parameters and the lockable maximum load of the closing spring of the low-power holding mechanism are obtained.

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