scholarly journals Intruder Testing on the 2011 UK Census: Providing Practical Evidence for Disclosure Protection

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Tudor ◽  
George Cornish ◽  
Keith Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Local Area ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Disclosure Risk ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Real People ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
The Uk

Reflecting the international movement to widen access to public datasets, NSIs need to provide solid evidence not to publish data they believe may represent a disclosure risk. Under complementary legislation such as the UK Freedom of Information Act, theoretical risk assessments alone are often not enough to satisfy a court of law. The 2011 UK Census is a high-profile and rich data resource and outputs include detailed multivariate statistics down to local area level presenting potentially abundant disclosure risk. There is strong user demand for small cell counts unobscured by disclosure control. This paper uses the 2011 UK Census as an example to demonstrate the use of intruder testing in obtaining specific and practical evidence for disclosure protection. Using a structured approach with real people as intruders, original insight is gained into notions of disclosure and perceptions of how the data are protected.

scholarly journals Trends in orthopaedic antimicrobial prophylaxis in the UK between 2005 and 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Aujla ◽  
DJ Bryson ◽  
A Gulihar ◽  
GJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Freedom Of Information Act ◽  
The Uk

Introduction Antimicrobial prophylaxis remains the most powerful tool used to reduce infection rates in orthopaedics but the choice of antibiotic is complex. The aim of this study was to examine trends in antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery involving the insertion of metalwork between 2005 and 2011. Methods Two questionnaires (one in 2008 and one in 2011) were sent to all National Health Service trusts in the UK using the Freedom of Information Act. Results In total, 87% of trusts that perform orthopaedic surgery responded. The use of cefuroxime more than halved between 2005 and 2011 from 80% to 36% and 78% to 26% in elective surgery and trauma surgery respectively. Combination therapy with flucloxacillin and gentamicin rose from 1% to 32% in elective and 1% to 34% in trauma surgery. Other increasingly popular regimes include teicoplanin and gentamicin (1% to 10% in elective, 1% to 6% in trauma) and co-amoxiclav (3% to 8% in elective, 4% to 14% in trauma). The majority of changes occurred between 2008 and 2010. Over half (56%) of the trusts stated that Clostridium difficile was the main reason for changing regimes. Conclusions In 2008 a systematic review involving 11,343 participants failed to show a difference in surgical site infections when comparing different antimicrobial prophylaxis regimes in orthopaedic surgery. Concerns over C difficile and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus have influenced antimicrobial regimes in both trauma and elective surgery. Teicoplanin would be an appropriate choice for antimicrobial prophylaxis in both trauma and elective units but this is not reflected in its current level of popularity.

Positionality and Ethics in the Qualitative Research of Migrants’ Homes

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pechurina
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Uk

This article discusses ethical decisions in the qualitative research of homes, with particular focus on a situation, in which a researcher studies his/her own migrant community. While exploring more common topics, such as negotiating access and receiving permission to photograph within participants’ homes, this article will also highlight issues that occur specifically within community-based ethnographic studies among Russian migrants. Using examples from the study of Russian immigrants’ homes in the UK, this article raises important questions of social positioning and power distribution within studied community. It will demonstrate the complexities of ethical decision making at different stages of the research process, which reflects the constantly changing relationship(s) between the cultural and social backgrounds and identities of researchers and participants. The insider and outsider role of the researcher is relative and the constant need to balance it, while simultaneously creating difficult ethical dilemmas, often reveals rich data and moves the whole research process forward.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of all clinicians’ conflict of interest disclosures to NHS hospital employers in England 2015-2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Ruth Feldman ◽  
Nicholas J DeVito ◽  
Jonathan Mendel ◽  
David E Carroll ◽  
Ben Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveWe set out to document how NHS trusts in the UK record and share disclosures of conflict of interest by their employees.DesignCross-sectional study of responses to a Freedom of Information Act request for Gifts and Hospitality Registers.SettingNHS Trusts (secondary/tertiary care organisations) in England.Participants236 Trusts were contacted, of which 217 responded.Main outcome measuresWe assessed all disclosures for completeness and openness, scoring them for achieving each of five measures of transparency.Results185 Trusts (78%) provided a register. 71 Trusts did not respond within the 28 day time limit required by the FoIA. Most COI registers were incomplete by design, and did not contain the information necessary to assess conflicts of interest. 126/185 (68%) did not record the names of recipients. 47/185 (25%) did not record the cash value of the gift or hospitality. Only 31/185 registers (16%) contained the names of recipients, the names of donors, and the cash amounts received. 18/185 (10%) contained none of: recipient name, donor name, and cash amount. Only 15 Trusts had their disclosure register publicly available online (6%). We generated a transparency index assessing whether each Trust met the following criteria: responded on time; provided a register; had a register with fields identifying donor, recipient, and cash amount; provided a register in a format that allowed further analysis; and had their register publicly available online. Mean attainment was 1.9/5; no NHS trust met all five criteria.ConclusionOverall, recording of employees’ conflicts of interest by NHS trusts is poor. None of the NHS Trusts in England met all transparency criteria. 19 did not respond to our FoIA requests, 51 did not provide a Gifts and Hospitality Register and only 31 of the registers provided contained enough information to assess employees’ conflicts of interest. Despite obligations on healthcare professionals to disclose conflicts of interest, and on organisations to record these, the current system for logging and tracking such disclosures is not functioning adequately. We propose a simple national template for reporting conflicts of interest, modelled on the US ‘Sunshine Act’.

scholarly journals Limits of UK Counterterrorism Policy and its Implications for Islamophobia and Far Right Extremism

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Abbas ◽  
Imran Awan
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Faith Leaders ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Counterterrorism Policy

The UK Government has recently announced a new Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 to facilitate tackling the threat of violent extremism. In light of this and previous initiatives, this paper provides a critical assessment of UK counterterrorism policy. This policy has created a notion of ‘suspect communities’ such that it has alienated young Muslims at the community engagement level, conceivably and empirically, potentially further exacerbating concerns government and communities have over questions of radicalisation, extremism, and the associated political and criminal violence. This paper argues that such policies can lead to the institutionalisation of Islamophobia, acting as an echo chamber for far right extremism to flourish. Significant gaps in government policy in this area can only be addressed by fostering effective relations between communities and policy makers, with enablers such as police officers, youth workers, activists and faith leaders empowered to formulate nuanced approaches in various local area settings. Given the social, cultural and political situation regarding British Muslim youth, including those presently thought to be fighting in parts of Iraq and Syria, as well as ongoing threats on UK soil presented as imminent and dangerous by UK government, there remain acute challenges with limited opportunities.

Association between Somatic Cell Count progeny tests in the United States of America (USA), The Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK)

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
R A Mrode ◽  
G J T Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Management Control ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Uk

Mastitis remains a costly health problem to dairy farmers despite a significant reduction in both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis over the last 25 years. This reduction has been due predominantly to the success of management control programmes. The continuing losses have raised the interest in breeding as a means to reduce mastitis incidence. Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) have been used since 1977 as an indirect means of monitoring mastitis within dairy herds. Since 1991 an optional individual cell count service has been offered by Milk Recording Organisations in the UK. The result is that 0.80 of recorded cows have SCC records. The Animal Data Centre has analysed the SCC data to establish genetic parameters and produced preliminary evaluations on bulls and cows (Mrode et al, 1996). As a forerunner to launching SCC evaluations it is important to determine whether SCC evaluations in the UK agree with similar evaluations overseas.

Searching for the true attrition rate of UK paediatric trainees

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321415
Author(s):  
Melody Grace Redman ◽  
Davide Carzedda ◽  
Nicola Jay ◽  
Simon J Clark ◽  
Marie Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyse the number of doctors leaving the paediatric specialty training (ST) programme in the UK, to assist with evidence-based workforce planning.DesignData were sought on those leaving the UK paediatrics training programme between 2014 and 2019 from Heads of Schools of Paediatrics and Freedom of Information Act requests.SettingRetrospective data analysis.Outcome measuresOverall attrition rate, attrition rate across level of training, attrition rate across geographical area, recorded reason for leaving.ResultsAll results must be interpreted with caution due to limitations in record keeping and analysis. The annual attrition rate across all ST levels between 2014 and 2019 is estimated at 3.7%–4.2% (ie, 749–845 trainees may have left the paediatric training programme over 2014–2019). No reason for leaving was recorded for three-quarters of individuals, around 630 doctors. Of those leaving paediatrics, significantly more (χ², p=0.015) did so at ST3 (20.3%) versus the next highest training year, ST2 (13.6%).ConclusionsThis project seems to demonstrate worryingly poor record-keeping of the true attrition rate of paediatric trainees by organisations responsible for workforce planning, including Health Education England, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and individual paediatric schools across the UK. To allow evidence-based workforce planning for the benefit of UK children, it is vital that accurate records on trainees who leave the training programme are kept and shared across the UK.

Commissioning and social determinants: evidence and opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
Chris O’Leary ◽  
Chris Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

This chapter argues that local authorities can and should use their purchasing power strategically to address the social determinants of health that affect their local area. It examines commissioning and procurement as local authority functions, defining these concepts and exploring the conceptual confusion between the two. The chapter then looks at the evidence of current practice of local authorities (with a particular focus on local authorities in the UK) in strategic use of their purchasing power. Core to the argument is the role of local voluntary organisations and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), so there is a particular focus on the commissioning experience of these types of organisations. Finally, the chapter makes the case for the role that voluntary sector organisations can play in addressing social determinants of health, before drawing some broad conclusions about the way forward.

The UK Policy Agendas Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Shaun Bevan ◽  
Will Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Front Page ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The Times ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Uk

The UK Policy Agendas Project has collected a wide range of data on the policy agenda of major institutional venues in British politics and on the public and media agendas. This rich data source allows systematic and consistent analysis across institutions, and across countries, extending back over a century in the case of some agendas. The data provide measures of the policy agenda of the executive (the Speech from the Throne) and the legislature (Acts of UK Parliament), along with aggregate survey data about the public agenda (public opinion about the most important problem), media (front-page stories of The Times), Prime Minister’s Questions, and bills and hearings of the Scottish Parliament. Through its extensive collection of data, the project has enabled novel insights into the policy agenda of UK government, how it responds to shocks and external pressures, and how patterns of policy change and stability compare to other countries.

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