scholarly journals Review of mycotoxin‐detoxifying agents used as feed additives: mode of action, efficacy and feed/food safety

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline BOUDERGUE ◽  
Christine BUREL ◽  
Sylviane DRAGACCI ◽  
Marie‐Christine FAVROT ◽  
Jean‐Marc FREMY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Feed Additives

Overview of the activities of the European Food Safety Authority on mycotoxins in food and feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eskola ◽  
A. Altieri ◽  
J. Galobart
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Research Organisations

Mycotoxins are widely occurring in foods and feeds and dietary exposure to them can induce various types of adverse health effects in humans and animals. Since its establishment in 2002, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has assessed risks of dietary exposure to mycotoxins for public health and for the health of farm and companion animals on the request of the European Commission and has assessed safety and efficacy of feed additives for the reduction of contamination of feed by mycotoxins within the European Union authorisation process for feed additives. Over 40 scientific opinions on risks of mycotoxins for human and animal health and other reports on mycotoxins have been issued by the authority for the use of the European risk managers. Mycotoxins belong to one of the important areas of the EFSA work. Occurrence data on mycotoxins submitted to EFSA by the European national food safety bodies and research institutions have been collected in the EFSA databases and have informed its scientific opinions and reports on mycotoxins. Similarly, many EFSA-funded projects conducted by the European research organisations, not only to generate data on occurrence, but also data on toxicity of mycotoxins, have provided valuable information for the risk assessments of EFSA. Aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol are the mycotoxins, for which EFSA has delivered most of its scientific mycotoxin opinions. Very recently also modified forms of mycotoxins have been included in the EFSA risk assessments. In this review paper an overview of many different EFSA activities on mycotoxins is given. It also includes a brief description how EFSA develops its scientific opinions and works.

scholarly journals Current issues and perspectives in food safety and risk assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Eisenbrand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Hazard Characterization ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers ◽  
True Alternative ◽  
Review Current

In this review, current issues and opportunities in food safety assessment are discussed. Food safety is considered an essential element inherent in global food security. Hazard characterization is pivotal within the continuum of risk assessment, but it may be conceived only within a very limited frame as a true alternative to risk assessment. Elucidation of the mode of action underlying a given hazard is vital to create a plausible basis for human toxicology evaluation. Risk assessment, to convey meaningful risk communication, must be based on appropriate and reliable consideration of both exposure and mode of action. New perspectives, provided by monitoring human exogenous and endogenous exposure biomarkers, are considered of great promise to support classical risk extrapolation from animal toxicology.

scholarly journals Organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Mucosal Morphology ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
The Eu

In this review article, the use of organic acids as feed additives is being examined in pig and poultry nutrition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and their salts on pig and poultry performance, to describe the organic acids used in animal nutrition, to discuss the route of administration and to investigate the mode of their action. The most widely used organic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, fumarie, citric, sorbic and butyric acid, and their salts as well. These organic acids are administered mainly through the feed, but they may be  administered through the drinking water as well. Successful utilization of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition requires knowledge of their mode of action. It is generally accepted that organic acids and their salts lower feed and gastric pH, increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, improving protein digestion. Besides, they reduce the buffering capacity of the feeds, resulting in reduced intestinal colonization with pathogens. They also improve the apparent digestibility of proteins and amino acids, increase the absorption of minerals and affect the composition of intestinal microflora and mucosal morphology. Relevant experimentations suggest that the organic acids improve growth rate and feed efficiency ratio in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. Also, the organic acids improve the performance of broiler chickens when used in relatively high doses, whereas, in laying hens, they improve the absorption of macroelements, like phosphorus and calcium. The present article suggests that after the recent ban on the use of the antibiotic growth promoting substances by the EU, the use of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition appears to be an interesting alternative. However, the effect of organic acids on performance of pigs and poultry varies considerably and, thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of the mode of action and the efficacy of these compounds.

Tetracycline Resistance Patterns of Lactobacillus buchneri Group Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLIES FEICHTINGER ◽  
SIGRID MAYRHOFER ◽  
WOLFGANG KNEIFEL ◽  
KONRAD J. DOMIG
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT Lactobacilli are applied as starter cultures for controlled fermentation in the production of food and feed. Among other lactobacilli, members of the Lactobacillus buchneri group are used in fermented milk, wine, and silage. Most of the L. buchneri species used for the manufacturing of food or feed are already on the list for qualified presumption of safety status and are recommended as biological agents by the European Food Safety Authority. Consequently, new strains intended as food or feed additives do not require any additional safety check than confirming the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance determinants. Of these determinants, tetracycline resistance genes are especially predominant in lactobacilli. Within this study, a total of 128 strains belonging to the L. buchneri group (L. buchneri, L. diolivorans, L. farraginis, L. hilgardii, L. kefiri, L. kisonensis, L. otakiensis, L. parabuchneri, L. parafarraginis, L. parakefiri, L. rapi, L. senioris, and L. sunkii) were examined for their susceptibility to tetracycline. Tetracycline MICs were assessed by the broth microdilution method according to ISO 10932/IDF 223. Subsequently, the presence of tetracycline resistance genes was investigated by using PCR. In addition, selected strains were tested for a broader range of tetracycline resistance genes by using a microarray technique. Applying the tetracycline cutoff values defined by European Food Safety Authority for heterofermentative and obligately homofermentative lactobacilli, 96.9% of the strains would have been categorized as tetracycline resistant. However, none of the tested tetracycline resistance genes could be detected by PCR or microarray analysis. Furthermore, the MIC distribution of all strains was unimodal and at the high end of the tested tetracycline concentration range (4 to 256 μg/ml). Thus, these data suggest that tetracycline resistance in the L. buchneri group strains is intrinsic, which complies with the requirements defined in the qualified presumption of safety outline.

The nutritional mode of action of some feed additives in pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Henderickx ◽  
I. Vervaeke ◽  
J. Decuypere ◽  
N. Dierick
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Nutritional Mode

scholarly journals The effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation derived postbiotic as a pre-harvest food safety hurdle for reducing Salmonella Enteritidis in the ceca of layer pullets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gingerich ◽  
Tim Frana ◽  
Catherine M Logue ◽  
Douglas P Smith ◽  
Hilary O Pavlidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Potential Food

Salmonella Enteritidis is responsible for a significant proportion of foodborne Salmonellosis in the United States and continues to be attributable to table eggs, despite increased federal oversight in recent years. Technologies, including feed additives, continue to be evaluated for pre-harvest application of their potential food safety benefits. Here, Diamond V Original XPC™, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation based postbiotic (SCFP), was evaluated for its effectiveness in the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) colonization in young layer pullets. A total of forty, day-old Hy-Line W-36 layer pullets were equally divided and randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments with SCFP, or without (PCON) and orally gavaged on Day 28 with 10 6 CFU/mL of SE. Another twenty, day-old layer pullets were fed the same control feed without SCFP and blank inoculated on Day 28 with 1 ml of sterile PBS to serve as a negative control (NCON). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of cecal Salmonella contents were performed for all birds on Day 32. The prevalence of SE in the ceca of all directly challenged birds was 100%, however, the SE concentration in birds fed SCFP diet (3.35 Log 10 CFU/g) was significantly lower ( P <0.0001) than that of the PCON birds not fed SCFP (4.49 Log 10 CFU/g). Moreover, the proportion of SE colonized individuals with enumerable SE concentrations was lower in SCFP fed birds (57.9%) when compared to the PCON (95.0%). These data suggest that inclusion of SCFP in the diet may aid in the reduction of SE within the ceca of commercial laying hens and could serve as an additional, pre-harvest food safety hurdle.

scholarly journals Broiler farms practice without AGP as an Islamic conceptionin the strategy to achieve “asuh” food

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsan Hafsan ◽  
Khaerani Kiramang ◽  
Aminah Hajah Thaha ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Good Industry ◽  
Harmful Substances

The use of Antibiotics Growth Promoters (AGP) was once a reliance for Broiler farms that aim to improve immunity as well as trigger the growth of broiler. It turned out that the use of AGP elicit a variety of very harmful impacts on human’s health, the presence of residues of antibiotics in broiler meat will reduce resistance of humans who consume them to some types of antibiotics even antibiotics that are prepared to handle the case of multi-resistant bacteria, namely the presence of antibiotic residues in broiler meat that will reduce the resistance of humans who consume them. So no longer impervious to some antibiotics even antibiotics that are prepared to handle the case of multi-resistant bacteria. This has become a limiting factor for the community, especially Muslims who are required to consume foods that are not only halal but bring benefits and do not contain harmful substances as admonitions in the Quran and hadith. This reality requires options to solve problems and answer real problems in people's lives wisely and contextually. Although AGP is required by the broiler, but based on many research results have shown that its role can be substituted with the addition of feed additives such as probiotics, enzymes and herbs as feed quality improvement efforts, included the implementation of biosecurity which must be carried out in an integrated manner. Broiler farms that implement good industry management has proved able to guarantee the availability of broiler as a source of animal protein is Safe, Healthy, and Whole Halal (in the Indonesian acronym is ASUH) and has a wide market share. This context be in accordance to the conception of food safety in Islam, food safety from the Islamic normative context namely halal and food safety from the health aspect, namely Thayyib. This paper responds to the issue of food safety which has been a fidgetiness for all stratums of Muslim society, whereas the ASUH food source is one of the fulfilments of the main points of the Maqasid al-Shari'ah or the general objective stipulated in Islamic law, namely to realize goodness, provide benefits and avoid damage to humans.

scholarly journals Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana P. Firmino ◽  
Jorge Galindo-Villegas ◽  
Felipe E. Reyes-López ◽  
Enric Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. This trend relies on the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense. Establishing the phytogenics’ mode of action in mucosal tissues is of importance for further use and safe administration. Although the impact of phytogenics upon fish mucosal immunity has been extensively approached, most of the studies fail in addressing the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions the reproducibility and safety of such studies, limiting the use of phytogenics at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight on the fish mucosal immune responses to phytogenics, suggesting their mode of action, and ultimately encouraging the practice of reliable and reproducible research for novel feed additives for aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization and optimization of their mode of action, we encourage the evaluation of purified compounds using in vitro systems before moving forward to in vivo trials. The formulation of additives with combinations of compounds previously characterized is recommended to avoid bacterial resistance. To improve the delivery of phytogenics and overcome limitations associated to compounds volatility and susceptibility to degradation, the use of encapsulation is advisable. Besides, newer approaches and dedicated methodologies are needed to elucidate the phytogenics pharmacokinetics and mode of action in depth.

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