Dose Analysis of BNCT Treatment Method for Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Head and Neck Regions Based on PHITS Code

The objectives of this research were to ?nd (1) the optimum boron dose for treating rhab- domyosarcoma in the head and neck regions and (2) the effective irradiation time to treat rhab- domyosarcoma in the head and neck regions. This research used the particle and heavy ions transport code system (PHITS) to simulate the neutron source and BNCT doses. The neutron source used was Kartini Reactor. The simulation was carried out by creating the geometry of cancer tissue in the head and neck regions. Boron concentration variance was 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 µg/g tissue. The output of PHITS was a neutron ?ux and neutron dose. The neutron ?ux value was used to acquire the alpha dose, proton dose, and gamma dose inside the tissue. The results showed that (1) the optimum boron dose for treating rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck regions was 50 µg/g tissue and (2) the effective irradiation time was 7 hours and 4 minutes, which was acquired with a boron concentration of 50 µg/g tissue. The higher the boron concentration level, the higher the dose rate, the quicker the irradiation time, and the lower the radiation dose received by healthy tissues.

Download Full-text

Dose Analysis of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Treatment for Lung Cancer Based on Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS)

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development ◽

10.29037/ajstd.545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 187-194

Author(s):

Ahmad Faisal Harish ◽

Warsono ◽

Yohannes Sardjono

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Ion Transport ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Total Dose ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Boron Concentration ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

Code System ◽

Transport Code

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of boron concentration on total dose rate for lung cancer treatment, and to determine the effect of boron concentration on the length of irradiation time for lung cancer treatment. This study was computer simulation-based using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) by defining the geometry and components of lung cancer and the surrounding organism as the object being studied and the source of radiation used. The type of phantom used was the ORNL of an adult Asian male. The neutron source used was Kartini Reactor. The independent variable was the boron concentration of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ?g/g cancer tissue and the dependent variables were the dose rate and the irradiation time. The results of this study indicated that the larger the amount of boron concentration that was injected, the higher the rate of total dose the organ received, where the total dose rate for each variation of boron concentration were 1.34 × 10-3 Gy/s, 1.71 × 10-3 Gy/s, 2.07 × 10-3 Gy/s, 2.42 × 10-3 Gy/s, and 2.78 × 10-3 Gy/s, and the larger the amount of boron concentration that was injected, the faster the irradiation time for the treatment of lung cancer was, where the irradiation time required for each variation of boron concentration was 37294 s, 29240 s, 24180 s, 20633 s, and 17996 s.

Download Full-text

Quantification of major and trace elements contained in aircraft JET A-1 fuel by in-vacuum PIXE analysis

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083519500165 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1950016

Author(s):

Katsumi Saitoh ◽

Akihiro Fushimi ◽

Nobuyuki Takegawa ◽

Koichiro Sera

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Size Range ◽

Concentration Level ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Jet Engines ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Exhaust Particles

To characterize the chemical composition of aircraft exhaust particles, we developed a treatment method of jet fuel for an elemental analysis by an in-vacuum PIXE system. Eleven elements (Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were identified from each sample. The concentrations of S from five JET A-1 fuel samples collected on different days ranged from 30.4 to 440 wt.-ppm. The concentration level of S agreed well with the measurement results obtained by an in-air PIXE analysis, which we have previously performed to determine the major content elements and their concentration levels. Nine elements out of the identified 11 elements (Si, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), which were not detected by the in-air PIXE analysis, were detected in all the JET A-1 fuel samples measured. Among these elements, Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were found to be the major components. It is suggested that particles emitted from aircraft jet engines, which are generally in the size range smaller than 100 nm (ultrafine particles: UFPs), may contain Si, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. These findings provide useful insights into the source apportionment of UFPs in and around airports.

Download Full-text

OPTIMIZATION OF COLLIMATOR APERTURE GEOMETRY FOR BNCT KARTINI RESEARCH REACTOR USING MCNPX

JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA ◽

10.17146/tdm.2019.21.1.5049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ramadhan Valiant Gill S.B. ◽

Yohannes Sardjono

Keyword(s):

Neutron Source ◽

Research Reactor ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Base Point ◽

Cell Diameter ◽

Cylindrical Shape ◽

Trace Distance ◽

Optimal Output ◽

Boron Neutron Capture ◽

High Ionization

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is one of the promising cancer therapy modalities due to its selectivity which only kills the cancer cells and does not damage healthy cells around cancer. In principle, BNCT utilizes the high ionization properties of alpha (4He) and lithium (7Li) particles derived from the reaction between epithermal and boron-10 neutrons (10B + n → 7Li + 4He) in cells, where trace distance of alpha and lithium particles is equivalent with cell diameter. The neutron source used in BNCT can come from a reactor, as a condition for conducting BNCT therapy tests, there are five standard parameters that must be met for a neutron source to be used as a source, and the standards come from IAEA. This research is based on simulation using the MCNPX program which aims to optimize IAEA parameters that have been obtained in previous studies by changing the shape of the collimator geometry from cone shape to cylinder with variations diameter from 3, 5 and 10 cm and also the simulation divided into two schemes namely first moderator Al is placed in a position 9.5 cm behind the collimator and the second is the moderator Al is pressed into the base point of the aperture in the collimator. In this work, neutrons originated from Yogyakarta Kartini research reactor have the energy range in the continuous form. The results of the optimization on each scheme of the collimator are compared with the outputs that have been obtained in previous studies where the aperture of the collimator is in the cone shape. The most optimal output obtained from the results is a collimator with a diameter of 5 cm in the second scheme where the results of IAEA parameters that are produced (n/cm2 s) = 2.18E+8, / (Gy-cm2/n) = 6.69E-13, / (Gy-cm2/n) = 2.44E-13, = 4.03E-01, and J/ = 6.31E-01. These results can still be used for BNCT experiments but need a long irradiation time and when compared to previous studies, the output of the collimator with the diameter of 5 cm is more optimal.Keywords: BNCT, Collimator, IAEA Parameters, MCNPX, Cylindrical shape

Download Full-text

An Effective Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro Model

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8060555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 555 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felix Oppel ◽

Senyao Shao ◽

Matthias Schürmann ◽

Peter Goon ◽

Andreas E. Albers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Primary Cell Culture ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Culture Models ◽

Cell Culture Models

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a highly malignant disease and research is needed to find new therapeutic approaches. Faithful experimental models are required for this purpose. Here, we describe the specific cell culture conditions enabling the efficient establishment of primary cell culture models. Whereas a classical 10% serum-containing medium resulted in the growth of fibroblast-like cells that outcompeted epithelial cells, we found that the use of specific culture conditions enabled the growth of epithelial tumor cells from HPV+ and HPV− head and neck cancer tissue applicable for research. EpCAM and high Thy-1 positivity on the cell surface were mutually exclusive and distinguished epithelial and fibroblast-like subpopulations in all primary cultures examined and thus can be used to monitor stromal contamination and epithelial cell content. Interestingly, cells of an individual patient developed tumor spheroids in suspension without the use of ultra-low attachment plates, whereas all other samples exclusively formed adherent cell layers. Spheroid cells were highly positive for ALDH1A1 and hence displayed a phenotype reminiscent of tumor stem cells. Altogether, we present a system to establish valuable primary cell culture models from head and neck cancer tissue at high efficiency that might be applicable in other tumor entities as well.

Download Full-text

Production of 128I Atoms through 127I (n,γ) 128I Reactions in some Solid Iodocompounds using an (241Am-Be) Neutron Source

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6385 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. R. Zaman ◽

M. A. Hossain ◽

M. J. A. Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Neutron Source ◽

Half Life ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Volume Element ◽

Nuclear Transformation ◽

Time Decay ◽

Chemical Effects ◽

Counting Geometry ◽

Zero Time

Present work reports the production of 128I atoms through 127I (n,g) 128I reactions in six iodine containing compounds (viz. NaI, NaIO3, NaIO4, KI, KIO3 and KIO4) in solid state. An 241Am-Be neutron source has been used for the production of 128 I atoms. The radioactivities produced have been measured by a thin end-window G.M. Counter. The irradiation time and counting geometry were constant throughout the present sets of experiments. Results obtained have been analyzed through time-decay analyses. From the decay curves, the half life of 128I has been estimated ~25 minutes. The average zero time activities of 128I from three independent measurements in each of NaI, NaIO3.H2O, NaIO4, KI, KIO3 and KIO4 target, have been found 116 ± 2, 92 ± 4, 88 ± 6, 102 ± 6, 98 ± 1 and 93 ± 5 cpm respectively. It is interesting to note that the activities show a decreasing trend while passing through either from NaI to NaIO4 or from KI to KIO4. Results are attributed to the quantity of 128I produced in a specified volume element and, self absorption and self scattering of radiations within the target compounds studied. Keywords: Iodocompounds; 128I; 241Am-Be neutron source; Chemical effects of nuclear transformation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6385 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 357-366 (2011)

Download Full-text

Dissecting the Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Network: Emerging Results from the Head and Neck Cancer Tissue Array Initiative

Clinical Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1041 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4964-4973 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

Alfredo A. Molinolo ◽

Stephen M. Hewitt ◽

Panomwat Amornphimoltham ◽

Somboon Keelawat ◽

Samraeung Rangdaeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Signaling Network ◽

Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Tissue Array ◽

Cancer Tissue

Download Full-text

caGrid-Enabled caBIGTM Silver Level Compatible Head and Neck Cancer Tissue Database System

The Open Medical Informatics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874431101004010171 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 171-178

Author(s):

Haibin Wang ◽

Erik Bouzyk ◽

Anna Kuehn ◽

Susan Muller ◽

Zhengjia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Database System ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Biomedical Data ◽

Biomedical Knowledge ◽

Web Based ◽

Design And Implementation

There are huge amounts of biomedical data generated by research labs in each cancer institution. The data are stored in various formats and accessed through numerous interfaces. It is very difficult to exchange and integrate the data among different cancer institutions, even among different research labs within the same institution, in order to discover useful biomedical knowledge for the healthcare community. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a caGrid-enabled caBIGTM silver level compatible head and neck cancer tissue database system. The system is implemented using a set of open source software and tools developed by the NCI, such as the caCORE SDK and caGrid. The head and neck cancer tissue database system has four interfaces: Web-based, Java API, XML utility, and Web service. The system has been shown to provide robust and programmatically accessible biomedical information services that syntactically and semantically interoperate with other resources.

Download Full-text

Influence of the results of international studies on the choice of treatment tactics for unresectable forms of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Head and neck tumors (HNT) ◽

10.17650/2222-1468-2020-10-2-10-21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 10-21

Author(s):

L. V. Bolotina ◽

T. I. Deshkina ◽

A. L. Kornietskaya ◽

S. A. Kravtsov ◽

T. V. Ustinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Platinum Drugs ◽

International Studies ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Choice Of Treatment ◽

Line Of Therapy

The results of the clinical studies have a direct impact on clinical practice. The main criteria for the effectiveness of treatment method are increasing the overall life expectancy and improving its quality. In the treatment of common forms of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, induction chemotherapy can be used, including platinum drugs, preferably in combination with cetuximab. Next immuno-oncological drugs should be prescribed. In the future, in the 1st line of therapy, it is possible to replace cetuximab with pembrolizumab or monotherapy with pembrolizumab, which allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce its toxicity. The article presents 3 clinical observations that demonstrate the possibility of integration the results of clinical research in practice.

Download Full-text