scholarly journals CANADA’S PERCEPTION OF DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Maryna Bessonova ◽  
Anna Hlavak
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Canadian International Development Agency ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
Transformation Processes

The article is devoted to a general overview of Canada's attitudes to the democratic development of post-Soviet Ukraine. The article examines the position and opinion of both official and diasporas’ Canada on the development of democracy in Ukraine. It is determined that Ukraine's independence was a kind of signal to the beginning of intensive Canadian cooperation and support for the Ukraine’s transition from a command-administrative economy to a free market. Another important area of support was the building of democratic institutions and civil society. Official Canadian assistance came through a number of channels, but the main institution was the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). Another powerful force and initiator of many projects and support programs was the Ukrainian Diaspora in Canada. We can talk about three main events that contributed to the revival of attention from official Canada to Ukraine: the declaration of Independence in 1991, the Orange Revolution in 2004 and Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity in late 2013. Each of these events was positively assessed by Canada (as official and diasporas’), and was interpreted as an impetus for potential progress towards democracy. Despite the positive attitude to the development of transit to democracy in post-Soviet Ukraine, Canada is critical of the pace of this transit and the quality of transformation processes. At the same time, representatives of the Diaspora are more outspoken in their criticism of the problems in Ukraine. Among the main obstacles on this path we can name corruption, inhibition of reforms, institutional weakness, confrontation between supporters and opponents of reforms and regional clans since 2014. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the external factor is also considered. Canada is helping Ukraine strongly in the fight against Russian aggression by providing technical, financial and diplomatic assistance.

Well-being and inequality in comparative perspective: the case of Poland and Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovalisko ◽  
Serhii Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls

Socio-economic trajectories of Poland and Ukraine have been considerably diverging since the last decade of the 20th century. The former has been advancing and catching up with Western European countries in terms of the quality of life — whereas in Ukraine, the 1990s recession gave way to unsustainable economic growth, which interrupted in the second half of the 2000s and in the 2010s. The comparison of official statistics, along with the data of household surveys and public opinion polls, makes it possible to conclude that a progressive and sustainable transition from a command economy to free market, as exemplified by Poland, is accompanied by moderate deepening of economic inequality. However, an abnormal transition (deviating from the “Polish rule”) entails excessive concentration of wealth and gives rise to corruption as a mechanism of income redistribution among different categories of population. This also results in a more noticeable stratification of opportunies for meeting vital and existential needs. Owing to a large proportion of shadow economy and undeclared work, Ukrainians remain a source of cheap labour in both the domestic and international labour markets; in addition, a persistent subculture of tax evasion is being formed in this country.

Assessing the Quality of Management of Transformation Processes in Economic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
M. V. Malyshkina ◽  
M. V. Miroslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Transformation Processes

Aim. The presented study aims to develop the methodology for assessing the quality of management of organizational transformation processes. Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors solve the following problems: determine the essence and content of socio-economic transformation, formulate quality assurance principles for the management of transformation processes, draw attention to the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of organizational transformation processes. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis. It also applies a systems approach to identify the major problems of assessing the quality of management of transformation processes, including the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of transformation processes and formulating the principles of ensuring the quality of management of transformation processes. Results. The global problem of managing transformation processes in the economic system consists in the complexity of the managed processes, which increases due to the multidimensionality, mutual influence, and the resulting uncertainty of interactions between the elements of the system. It is concluded that the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes is based on the principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements into a single system of management actions and the principle of ensuring that management actions are primarily aimed at preventing possible negative consequences of the transformation of economic systems, i.e. reducing the potential impact of unfavorable events and their consequences. To assess the effectiveness of targeted management actions and productive actions aimed at organizing, controlling, and guiding the transformation process, the authors actualize the problem of selecting an adequate quality criterion for the management of transformation processes in economic systems and put forward a hypothesis about a possible unified criterion of management quality. Conclusions. The principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements and the principle of ensuring that management actions are aimed at preventing possible negative consequences lie at the core of the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes in economic systems. The quality assessment methodology should be developed in the direction of finding a unified quality criterion for managing transformation processes in economic systems.

The Applied-Ethical Structural Synthesis of International Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (197) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Astroulakis
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Policy Theory ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Market Relations

<p>The paper challenges the mainstream stance in the study of applied ethics<br />in international development. Applied ethics is positioned at the macro-social level<br />of global ethics while a specific codification is attempted by formulating international development based on its structural synthesis, in a threefold level: First, the structural synthesis –associated with the framework of existing international development policy–can be found in the ‘market relations’. Second, the analysis specifies the policies applied at the national level and the role of nation-state policy. Third, the paper criticizes the international development institutions’ policies. In each of the levels mentioned above, the analysis reveals the fundamental policy theory issues of neoclassical economics, as the intellectual defender of free market economics.</p>

scholarly journals Advances in Environmental Hydraulics

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Carlo Gualtieri ◽  
Dongdong Shao ◽  
Athanasios Angeloudis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Environmental Hydraulics ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Transformation Processes

Environmental Hydraulics (EH) is the scientific study of environmental water flows and their related transport and transformation processes affecting the environmental quality of natural water systems, such as rivers, lakes, and aquifers, on our planet Earth [...]

scholarly journals Altruism, Solidarity and Responsibility from a Committed Sociology: Contributions to Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Gualda
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
History Of

AbstractA careful look at the international development of Sociology highlights the centrality that the study of social problems and the approach to possible solutions to them have had in the history of this discipline, not infrequently for the sake of better social integration, stability, development, social change or even modernity. Recent approaches suggest shifting this focus of attention, arguing about the deficit in sociological research and practice concerning theor etical frameworks that pay attention to the positive aspects. This text reflects on the contributions that altruism, solidarity, and collective responsibility can have to improve the quality of life in contemporary societies and face humanitarian emergencies with a certain degree of success. For instance, the so-called refugee crisis or the current COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for societies. This article also explores briefly new roles of data science in connection with responsibility and altruism. The text invites us to revisit sociology, thinking about the lights more than the shadows.

Foundation trainees and changes in career intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Adam B Joiner ◽  
Shamsa Mahmood ◽  
Samuel P Dearman ◽  
Sarah Maddicott
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
School Experience ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Career Intentions ◽  
Positive Intention ◽  
Foundation Programme ◽  
Experiential Design

Objectives: To understand whether foundation trainees change their career intentions during psychiatry placements and explore what factors influence such changes. Methods: Over a two-year period, foundation trainees completed questionnaires at the beginning, middle and end of their four-month placement. There were two questions, the first as to how likely they were to pursue a career in psychiatry and the second openly asked them to elaborate on their reasons. Results: Twenty-one out of 41 eligible trainees returned all three questionnaires. The number of trainees ‘highly likely’ to choose psychiatry increased over the four-month period, from 4.5% to 19%. The number of trainees ‘highly unlikely’ to choose psychiatry decreased, from 27.3% to 9.5%. An increasingly positive intention towards a psychiatry career appeared to relate to enjoyment of the placement and the quality of supervision. The most common reason for not choosing psychiatry was a pre-existing interest in another specialty. Conclusions: Undertaking a psychiatry placement during the foundation programme continues to increase the likelihood of a positive attitude towards psychiatry as a career. The findings of our study suggest good practice in providing foundation placements in psychiatry includes identifying medical school experience, enjoyment, quality weekly supervision and mindful experiential design of placements.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kualitas Lingkungan dan Motivasi pada Kinerja Akademik Siswa SMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Yudhistira Kusuma ◽  
◽  
Hanson Endra Kusuma ◽  
Angela Christysonia Tampubolon ◽  
Tutin Aryanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
External Factor ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factor ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Classroom Order

Environment (external factors) and user attributes (internal factors) affect the user's response to the environment. This study aims to uncover how the quality of the environment in high school as an external factor and student motivation as an internal factor affects the academic performance of the students. The research was conducted with qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected by survey using an online questionnaire. From the regression analysis, it was found that the dimensions of external factors of "classroom order", "social interaction and supervision" and "air quality" further increased the effectiveness of student learning rather than internal dimensions of "resilience and capacity building". Meanwhile, the decrease in air quality, noise, and environmental pollution can cause student learning disruption. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the learning environment plays an important role in shaping the effectiveness of student learning.

scholarly journals Biometric technologies and the prospect of sustainable democracy in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Harrison Adewale Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Know How

The paper interrogates the prospect of attaining sustainable democracy in Africa using biometric technology (BT) for elections. Technology has become relevant in virtually every aspect of human endeavour, including election management and democratic development. In Africa, BT has also been deployed to improve the quality of elections and democracy. Using document analysis and review of relevant literature, findings indicate that to a large extent, BT is charting the path for sustainable democracy in Africa. However, the deployment of BT for African elections still faces serious challenges such as its high cost, inability to address some forms of electoral fraud, and lack of technical know-how. The paper concludes that the cultivation of political will to improve the quality of elections is important in order to address the current challenges of using BT in African elections and increase the prospect of attaining sustainable democracy.

scholarly journals Incentives and Support Programs to Improve Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wells ◽  
Melissa Severn
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Three overviews of reviews and 11 systematic reviews were identified regarding the clinical effectiveness of adherence incentives in those who require assistance to complete their tuberculosis treatment. Four evidence-based guidelines were identified that provided recommendations regarding the use of adherence incentives in those who require assistance completing their tuberculosis treatment. The reported clinical effectiveness of adherence incentives for patients with tuberculosis was mixed. There were no detrimental effects of providing incentives, but there was also no conclusive evidence pointing to a clinical benefit. The overall quality of the included reviews was moderate to high. The included guidelines recommended that incentives and enablers be included as a part of a patient-centred strategy for treatment and for patients with active tuberculosis or patients at high risk; however, the evidence formulating these recommendations was of low certainty or quality. Two of the included guidelines were of high methodological quality, and 2 were of lower methodological quality.

scholarly journals DINAMICS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS OF ISRAEL (ARAB SECTOR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 401-429
Author(s):  
Ahlam DARAWSHEH ◽  
Nadia GHALIA
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Arab Sector ◽  
The One

Addressing motivation as a triggering and supportive factor of educational activity emphasizes the importance of quality of information, learning experience, mediated learning, or positive attitude towards the act of knowledge in achieving school performance. According to the generally accepted conception, following the consultation of the specialized literature regarding the approach of the motivational phenomenon, we can say that motivation lies at the basis of the good functioning of human action components, regardless of the activity or tacquisition level of the one who makes the effort to achieve it.

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