Analysis of the Structural Elements of a Condominium with a Swimming Pool in the City of Naberezhnye Chelny under Various External Influences

Helix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Demidov ◽  
Tatiana V. Rzaeva ◽  
Lida A. Feoknistova ◽  
Sabina M. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Visualisasi Dan Identifikasi Pola Retak Dinding Bata Akibat Penurunan Pondasi Struktur Bangunan Di Kota Banjarmasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Darmansyah Tjitradi ◽  
Eliatun Eliatun
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Crack Pattern ◽  
Foundation Settlement ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Crack Patterns ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks ◽  
The City

The City of Banjarmasin has very low soil bearing capacity leading to a significant number of buildings experiencing foundation settlement. This causes many elements of the buildings to develop cracks and to lean. The foundation settlement is modelled using ANSYS by taking five building structure models with brick walls loaded with their selves weight. Through this modelling the crack pattern and the stress distribution on both walls and the structural elements can be visualised and identified. The results show that the following columns experiencing foundation settlement develop longitudinal cracks, crack patterns on brick walls are diagonal at every bottom corner of the columns and vertical at the edge of the inner columns if there is no foundation settlement. Crack patterns on brick walls take form of a letter V if only one or two outer column experience foundation settlement, and crack patterns on brick walls also take form of an inverted letter V if only the inner columns or two adjacent columns experience foundation settlement. Foundation settlement experienced by inner columns of a brick wall is a major cause of damage to structural components.

The Constitutional Structure of International Society and the Nature of Fundamental Institutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Reus-Smit
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
City States ◽  
The City

Modern states have constructed a multiplicity of issue-specific regimes to facilitate collective action. The majority of these institutions are specific instances of the deeper institutional practices that structure modern international society, notably the fundamental institutions of contractual international law and multilateralism. Two observations can be made about fundamental institutions. First, they are “generic” structural elements of international societies. That is, their practice transcends changes in the balance of power and the configuration of interests, even if their density and efficacy vary. The modern practices of contractual international law and multilateralism intensified after 1945, but postwar developments built on institutional principles that were first endorsed by states during the nineteenth century and structured international relations long before the advent of American hegemony. Second, fundamental institutions differ from one society of states to another. While the governance of modern international society rests on the institutions of contractual international law and multilateralism, no such institutions evolved in ancient Greece. Instead, the city-states developed a sophisticated and successful system of third-party arbitration to facilitate ordered interstate relations. This institution, which operated in the absence of a body of codified interstate law, is best characterized as “authoritative trilateralism.”

scholarly journals Learning from Italian Typology- and Morphology-Led Planning Techniques: A Planning Framework for Yingping, Xiamen

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
City Center ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Planning Scheme ◽  
The City ◽  
Planning Problems

As a vital historic neighborhood with an indeterminate large-scale planning scheme, Yingping, located in the city center of Xiamen, China, is struggling with poor livability and growing incoherent private additions and renovations that largely undermine the local historic urban landscape. Inspired by Italian typology- and morphology-led planning techniques, this study explores the possible interpretations and implications of their applications in Yingping to address its interconnected, heterogeneous, and stratified urban fabric and planning problems. The research is developed through a two-pronged multi-layered planning framework. Firstly, from the maintenance perspective, five intervention approaches are grouped, with a specific focus on the leading structural elements of the urban fabric—the arcade streets. Secondly, from the morphological view and through the ecological lens, six characterized areas are identified and classified with respective morphological features and crucial planning problems being faced. This framework provides a strategic thematization of corresponding optimizing strategies and suitable guidelines to direct future governmental actions and to support the self-maintenance of local inhabitants toward sustainable development. The study also presents the possibility that such techniques are applicable to the Chinese context and is expected to inspire further research and practices in China and beyond.

scholarly journals THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AS A STRUCTURING AGENT FOR THE CITY OF SALVADOR IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (31) ◽  
pp. 30-64
Author(s):  
Pedro Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
The Catholic Church

Salvador was the capital of the Portuguese America from 1549 until 1763. It was also the second city of the Portuguese Empire up to the 19th century. The Catholic Church together with the State was the main agents that structured the city of Salvador during the whole colonial period. The Secular Church related to the State through the Padroado was responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Cathedral, churches and parishes; the religious orders with their convents were important structural elements of the urban space while the laic orders owned churches and many urban properties and corresponded to the structuring of a slave society.

scholarly journals Characterization of the useful life and structural performance of a reinforced concrete bridge in the City of Correntes-PE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e4810514579
Author(s):  
Renan Gustavo Pacheco Soares ◽  
Gustavo Gutierrez de Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Iago Davi Lins de Moraes ◽  
Carla Renata Xavier Pacheco ◽  
Lyneker Souza de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Even though we know that the construction industry is constantly evolving, due to the emergence of construction techniques and materials, we note that there are still challenges to be faced: pathological manifestations. These, in turn, compromise the performance and useful life of the elements. Its occurrences are mainly due to the reduction of deadlines, inadequate design solutions, improper use of materials, unskilled labor, lack of maintenance, lack of inspection, among other aspects. The evaluation of a structural element is based on the precedence of guaranteeing durability and quality to ensure the integrity of users. Therefore, this article analyzed structural elements of a reinforced concrete bridge located in the city of Correntes-PE. The main objective of the work was to characterize the main pathological manifestations affecting the structural elements of the bridge. The process of characterization of degrading agents was carried out through non-destructive tests, such as the carbonation front, as provided for in EN 14630 (DIN, 2007) and the evaluation of surface resistance, through the sclerometry test, according to NBR 7584 (ABNT, 2012). The results allowed to characterize the strength of the concrete and the degree of degradation. Points with incidence of carbonation and exposed reinforcement were identified, denoting the need for preventive and corrective intervention, in order to prolong the useful life and performance of the evaluated artwork.

scholarly journals Formation of the architectural and structural systemof buildings in St. Petersburg in the 1703-1730-s

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
S. G. Golovina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
City Center ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Western European ◽  
The City ◽  
Structural Solution

The article deals with the process of forming the structural solution of the buildings in St. Petersburg in the 1703-1730-s. St. Petersburg has established its own sustainable architectural and structural system, which remained virtually unchanged until the beginning of the XX century. This system began to be formed during the reign of Emperor Peter I, by borrowing and mastering the Western European experience, combining the advanced innovations of that time and Russian traditions. Generalization of the experience of creating a structural system will allow assessing the evolution of the construction skills in St. Petersburg, identifying and preserving the structural elements of the historical buildings of the city center.

scholarly journals THE CITY OF SHUMSK IN THE COMPLEX OF VOLYN PROPERTIES OF RADZIWILL FAMILY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Mykola Blyzniak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
Privately Owned

The article analyzes the demographic aspects and economic potential of the city of Shumsk as one of the structural elements of the Volyn properties of the princely house of the Radziwills in the second half of the 18th century. The inventory of this privately owned city and its informative potential was used as a basis for understanding the socio-economic aspects of the everyday life in the cities of Volyn at the time. In 1747 the Malynsky family sold Shumsk to the Radziwills. At the time of the acquisition of the property, the new owners gained a leading position among the magnates of the Ukrainian lands. The Radziwills significantly developed the city plan, expanded its infrastructure, and took care of its cultural and religious landscape. Overall, the new owners seemingly wanted to increase the significance of the settlement in terms of trade, economy and spiritual importance. Despite their large-scale efforts, the city continued to be under the influence of notably more powerful Volyn estates of the representatives of this princely house. At the time, the city and its citizens were considerably involved in the agricultural sector and did not have the opportunity to significantly strengthen the craft component. In fact, they often had to combine the former and the latter since the craft did not yet allow completely abandoning agricultural activities. In the second half of the 18th century, being an estate and economic unit of the Volyn estates of the Radziwills, Shumsk was closely connected with the neighboring town of Rokhmanov.

Effects on structures of the Managua earthquake of December 23, 1972

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1133
Author(s):  
Loring A. Wyllie ◽  
Richard N. Wright ◽  
Mete A. Sozen ◽  
Henry J. Degenkolb ◽  
Karl V. Steinbrugge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
The City ◽  
Extensive Damage

Abstract The December 23, 1972, earthquake in Managua, Nicaragua caused extensive damage to structures throughout the city of Managua. There was damage to virtually every building in Managua, a city of approximately 400,000 inhabitants. An estimated 10,000 people were killed, mostly in the collapse of homes built of native taquezal construction. The city contained numerous reinforced concrete structures designed to recent standards. Although many of these buildings were heavily damaged, with some collapses, some had only minor damage. There were also several structures of structural steel. The paper provides an overview of structural effects and discusses the performance of selected buildings in Managua illustrating the range of performance of modern construction. Damage to numerous other buildings will be discussed. The paper, while emphasizing the structural effects on buildings, also discusses the performance of non-structural elements, mechanical equipment, etc.

scholarly journals Rural Architectural and Planning Forms as a Source of Diversity for Urban Environment (Case Study of Moscow)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Savchenko ◽  
Tatiana Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Ways Of Life

Abstract Inclusion of specific rural architectural and planning forms in the urban structure of Moscow is analysed. As a theoretical background, theories of Garden-Cities (Howard, 1902), Rural-urban continuum (Sorokin, Zimmerman, 1929), Slow city (Mayer, Knox, 2009) are considered. Inclusion of rural architectural and planning forms is analysed for different structural elements of Moscow’s urban environment – public spaces, industrial areas, residential areas, street and road network. Authors argue that once included into the structure of the city, rural planning and architectural forms do not disappear, but after the termination of the implementation of their parent species and ways of life, which are really related to agriculture and other “non-urban” activities, they are transformed for integration into urban life and the environment, contributing to an increase in their diversity. This pattern can be traced consistently, at least, from the XVIII century.

scholarly journals Metaphysical mode of recreation of the city topos: interpretation of the city space of Petersburg in the poem «Dream» («Every man has his own destiny…») by T. Shevchenko

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
City Space ◽  
Lyrical Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Semantics Of Space

The article reveals the metaphysical mode of the recreation of Petersburg in the poem «The Dream» («Every man has his own destiny…») by T. Shevchenko. The author selects a phenomenological and structural-semiotic methodology of analysis of the spatial structure of the topos, locus and other spatial images of the city. The semantics of space at the beginning of the work has an unclear connotation of the recreation of the city’s locus. The topos of Petersburg appears as a metaphysical incarnation of the imperial evil and the calamity of the average man-worker. It was found out that the city’s topos implements a single spatial-temporal world, which is fixed by the life cogito of the lyrical subject. The semiotic aspects of the image of the «center» and «periphery» of the city are represented. It was outlined the question of the detailing and specifics of the identification of the topos, its structural elements as sense-creating components for the multi aspect interpretation of the city’s space. The layout contains an analysis of the specifics of the artistic and autobiographical vision of the recreation of the city’s topos, and also it was found the features of the reception of the city attributes by the lyrical subject.

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