scholarly journals PERTANGUNGG JAWABAN NOTARIS PPAT DALAM MELAKUKAN PELAYANAN PEMBAYARAN PAJAK BEA PEROLEHAN HAK ATAS TANAH DAN BANGUNAN (BPHTB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Ghazi Leomuwafiq
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Notary Services as a part of the service to the community, should walk parallel to the development of society in the present and future. One of notary services conducted in his position as PPAT is Payment service for land and building Rights (BPHTB) in terms of buying and selling of land rights. BPHTB payment is one of the conditions for the registration of land rights transitional in the provisions of Article 103 of the regulation of the Minister of Agrarian state/head of National Land Agency number 3 year 1997.  Due to the existence of the BPHTB payment obligation resulted in the time period between the purchase and sale agreement carried out in front of the notary, with the implementation of the sale/turnover of land rights carried out in front of the authorized PPAT has a distance For a relatively long period of time, and usually buyers who conduct buy and sell rights to the land have handed over a certain amount of money for the cost of BPHTB by giving it to the notary public that makes the transitional deed. On the one hand, due to the relatively long period between the trade and Sale Alliance carried out before the notary with the sale and purchase carried out in the presence of the authorized PPAT, while the cost of BPHTB is deposited by the client to the notary public as the official The makers of Land deed (PPAT), allowing the opportunity of misappropriation by means of unpaying or embezzlement of BPHTB funds deposited

Statistical Evaluation for claims and disputes in construction contracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Raid Saleem Abd Ali ◽  
Nooran kanaan Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Price Schedule ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

This research aims to diagnose and identify the causes of claims and disputes between the contractor and the employer, also review the methods used to resolve disputes in construction contracts. In order to achieve the goal of the research, scientific methodology is followed to collect information and data on the subject of claims and disputes in construction projects in Iraq through personal interviews and questionnaire form. The most important results in this research are: the price schedule contract as a kind of competitive contracts is the most important and guarantee for the completion of minimum level of claims and disputes with relative importance of (84.1), compared with the (cost plus a percentage of the cost contract) as a kind of negotiating contracts is the most relative importance of (79.6), and the turnkey contract as a kind of special contracts is the most relative importance of (74.2). The  contractor and  his agents are one of the most influence sources in occurring claims and disputes in construction contracts with relative importance of (77.4) followed by the contract documents with relative importance of (74.2) and then the employer with relative importance of (73.2). In addition to the long period of litigation and the multiplicity of veto grades are most negative when contractual disputes have resolved by it, and with relative importance of (86), followed by the large number of issues and lack of efficiency and specialty of Judges with relative importance (78.4). Finally, the direct negotiation method (relative importance of 77) is one of the most friendly settlement ways favored by conflicted parties, while the resolution of disputes and claims board (relative importance of 10) occupied the last rank in the friendly settlement ways.

scholarly journals A Study on the Feasibility of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Raw Cheese Whey with Coffee Pulp Residues

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Sandra Gonzalez-Piedra ◽  
Héctor Hernández-García ◽  
Juan M. Perez-Morales ◽  
Laura Acosta-Domínguez ◽  
Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cheese Production

In this paper, a study on the feasibility of the treatment of raw cheese whey by anaerobic co-digestion using coffee pulp residues as a co-substrate is presented. It considers raw whey generated in artisanal cheese markers, which is generally not treated, thus causing environmental pollution problems. An experimental design was carried out evaluating the effect of pH and the substrate ratio on methane production at 35 °C (i.e., mesophilic conditions). The interaction of the parameters on the co-substrate degradation and the methane production was analyzed using a response surface analysis. Furthermore, two kinetic models were proposed (first order and modified Gompertz models) to determine the dynamic profiles of methane yield. The results show that co-digestion of the raw whey is favored at pH = 6, reaching a maximum yield of 71.54 mLCH4 gVSrem−1 (31.5% VS removed) for raw cheese whey and coffee pulp ratio of 1 gVSwhey gVSCoffe−1. The proposed kinetic models successfully fit the experimental methane production data, the Gompertz model being the one that showed the best fit. Then, the results show that anaerobic co-digestion can be used to reduce the environmental impact of raw whey. Likewise, the methane obtained can be integrated into the cheese production process, which could contribute to reducing the cost per energy consumption.

scholarly journals Electoral Incentives and the Allocation of Public Funds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Finan ◽  
Maurizio Mazzocco
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Politicians allocate public resources in ways that maximize political gains, and potentially at the cost of lower welfare. In this paper, we quantify these welfare costs in the context of Brazil’s federal legislature, which grants its members a budget to fund public projects within their states. Using data from the state of Roraima, we estimate a model of politicians’ allocation decisions and find that 26.8% of the public funds allocated by legislators are distorted relative to a social planner’s allocation. We then use the model to simulate three potential policy reforms to the electoral system: the adoption of approval voting, imposing a one-term limit, and redistricting. We find that a one-term limit and redistricting are both effective at reducing distortions. The one-term limit policy, however, increases corruption, which makes it a welfare-reducing policy.

Human Rights as Land Rights in the Pacific

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D'Arcy May
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Human Community ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Do human rights in their conventional, Western understanding really meet the needs of Pacific peoples? This article argues that land rights are a better clue to those needs. In Aboriginal Australia, Fiji, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, case studies show that people's relationship to land is religious and implicitly theological. The article therefore suggests that rights to land need to be supplemented by rights of the land extending to the earth as the home of the one human community and nature as the matrix of all life.

scholarly journals A MEAN FIELD GAME ANALYSIS OF SIR DYNAMICS WITH VACCINATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Josu Doncel ◽  
Nicolas Gast ◽  
Bruno Gaujal
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Mean Field Game ◽  
Vaccination Behavior ◽  
Switching Curve ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vaccination Period

We analyze a mean field game model of SIR dynamics (Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered) where players choose when to vaccinate. We show that this game admits a unique mean field equilibrium (MFE) that consists in vaccinating at a maximal rate until a given time and then not vaccinating. The vaccination strategy that minimizes the total cost has the same structure as the MFE. We prove that the vaccination period of the MFE is always smaller than the one minimizing the total cost. This implies that, to encourage optimal vaccination behavior, vaccination should always be subsidized. Finally, we provide numerical experiments to study the convergence of the equilibrium when the system is composed by a finite number of agents ( $N$ ) to the MFE. These experiments show that the convergence rate of the cost is $1/N$ and the convergence of the switching curve is monotone.

Pelaksanaan Pencatatan Blokir Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah (Studi di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Bantul)

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Anisa Sekarsari ◽  
Haryo Budhiawan ◽  
Akur Nurasa
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recording Process ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
The Government

Abstract: In order to give the assurance of legal certainty, certainty of rights and legal protection to holders and owners of land rights, the land registration shall be carried out. However, there is still a land dispute which now become a homework for The Government. This is because the certificate which should be a strong evidentiary can not guaranteed the legal certainty for the owner, so the person who right the land can blocking the certificate of land rights at Land Office. The issuance of Regulation Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial / Head of National Land Office Number 13 Year of 2017 concerning the Procedures of Block and Sita which expected to create uniformity, standardization in recording process and abolition of registration blocked, it turns out not all the rules can be implemented at The Land Office of Sleman and Bantul Regency.The result of this research shows that blocking certificate process at Sleman Land Office and Bantul Land Office have a policy that the applicant is required to pay the blocking recording fee after the blocking received. Makes a potential loss to the (PNBP) which should be owned by Land Office for faced the problem of KKPweb application which have not been able to accomodate the time period of blocking. Keywords : blocking certificate, blocking, registration blocked Intisari: Dalam rangka memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dan kepastian hak serta perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang dan pemilik hak atas tanah, maka dilaksanakan pendaftaran tanah. Namun demikian, masih saja terjadi sengketa pertanahan yang saat ini menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi Pemerintah. Hal ini disebabkan karena, sertipikat sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat ternyata belum menjamin kepastian hukum pemiliknya sehingga pihak yang merasa berhak atas tanah tersebut dapat melakukan blokir sertipikat hak atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan. Dikeluarkannya Permen ATR/Kepala Nomor 13 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Blokir dan Sita yang diharapkan bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keseragaman, standarisasi dalam pelaksanaan pencatatan dan penghapusan catatan blokir ternyata tidak semua peraturan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Bantul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pencatatan blokir di kantor pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kabupaten Bantul terdapat kebijakan yaitu pemohon diwajibkan membayar biaya pencatatan blokir setelah blokirnya diterima membuat potensial loss terhadap (PNBP) yang seharusnya didapat kantor pertanahan untuk kendala yang dihadapi yaitu Aplikasi KKPweb yang belum dapat mengakomodir jangka waktu blokir. Kata Kunci: blokir sertipikat, pemblokiran, pencatatan blokir

Hiding Data in Plain Sight: Towards Provably Unbreakable Encryption with Short Secret Keys and One-Way Functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea-Adrian Digulescu
Keyword(s):  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Small Probability ◽  
Random Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Function ◽  
The Cost

It has long been known that cryptographic schemes offering provably unbreakable security exist, namely the One Time Pad (OTP). The OTP, however, comes at the cost of a very long secret key - as long as the plain-text itself. In this paper we propose an encryption scheme which we (boldly) claim offers the same level of security as the OTP, while allowing for much shorter keys, of size polylogarithmic in the computing power available to the adversary. The Scheme requires a large sequence of truly random words, of length polynomial in the both plain-text size and the logarithm of the computing power the adversary has. We claim that it ensures such an attacker cannot discern the cipher output from random data, except with small probability. We also show how it can be adapted to allow for several plain-texts to be encrypted in the same cipher output, with almost independent keys. Also, we describe how it can be used in lieu of a One Way Function.

scholarly journals Farm Gate Prices for Non-Varietal Wine in Argentina: A Multilevel Comparison of the Prices Paid by Cooperatives and Investor-Oriented Firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Malvido Perez Carletti ◽  
Markus Hanisch ◽  
Jens Rommel ◽  
Murray Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
Multilevel Regression Model

AbstractIn this paper, we use a unique data set of the prices paid to farmers in Argentina for grapes to examine the prices paid by non-varietal wine processing cooperatives and investor-oriented firms (IOFs). Motivated by contrasting theoretical predictions of cooperative price effects generated by the yardstick of competition and property rights theories, we apply a multilevel regression model to identify price differences at the transaction level and the departmental level. On average, farmers selling to cooperatives receive a 3.4 % lower price than farmers selling to IOFs. However, we find cooperatives pay approximately 2.4 % more in departments where cooperatives have larger market shares. We suggest that the inability of cooperatives to pay a price equal to or greater than the one paid by IOFs can be explained by the market structure for non-varietal wine in Argentina. Specifically, there is evidence that cooperative members differ from other farmers in terms of size, assets and the cost of accessing the market. We conclude that the analysis of cooperative pricing cannot solely focus on the price differential between cooperatives and IOFs, but instead must consider other factors that are important to the members.

The ‘Pistola’ of Cerveri de Girona

Traditio ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Kurt Lewent
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Moral Argumentation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Troubadour Poetry

Cerveri was decidedly no poetical genius, and often enough he follows the trodden paths of troubadour poetry. However, there is no denying that again and again he tries to escape that poetical routine. In many cases these attempts result in odd and eccentric compositions, where the unusual is reached at the cost of good taste and poetical values. On the other hand, it must be admitted that Cerveri's efforts in this respect were not always futile. His is, e.g. an amusing satire upon bad women. One of his love songs, characteristically called libel by the MS (Sg), assumes the form of a complaint submitted to the king as the supreme earthly judge, in which the defendant is the lady whose charms torture the lover and have made him a prisoner. This poem combines the traditional praise of the beloved and a flattery addressed to the king. Its slightly humoristic tone is also found in a song entitled lo vers del vassayll leyal. Here Cerveri, basing himself on a certain legend connected with St. Mark, gives the king advice in his love affair. Again the poet kills two birds with one stone, flattering the sovereign and pointing, for obvious purposes, to his own poverty. The latter is the only topic of a remarkably personal poem in which the author complains bitterly that, while many of his playmates have become rich in later years, the only wealth he himself did amass were the chans gays and sonetz agradans which he composed for other people to enjoy. Cerveri even tries to renew the traditional genre of the chanson de la mal mariée by adding motifs of—presumably—his own invention. This tendency towards a more independent way of thinking and greater originality in its poetical presentation could not be better illustrated than by the two poems which the MS calls Lo vers de la terra de Preste Johan and Pistola The one puts the poet's moral argumentation against the background of the medieval legend of Prester John, the other, which forms the subject of the present study, sets its teachings in a still more solemn framework, the liturgy of the Mass.

The Development of the Traction Drive Mechanism Made of the Plastic Magnet

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shoji ◽  
Giichi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Ferrite Powder ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Hard Magnet ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
As If

This paper is the one that it was described to have developed the traction drive by using the plastic hard magnet. The plastics material was used to research by the following reasons. The plastics material can mold it. As a result, it processes complex and it is possible to make it to the magnet. In addition, it is possible to mass-produce, it is light, and it is also possible that the miniaturization reduces possible and the cost. Next, the mechanism of the traction drive is described. It rotates by being circumscribed by non-contact, and inscribing two plastic hard rings as if the gear. N pole and S pole are divided equally in the direction of the circumference of the ring. It becomes by these as if the match of the god with teeth and teeth. These devices are commonly called “Gear without teeth”. Some doughnut disks with a different outside diameter were produced. Each disk is made magnetism. Each disk was set, and assembled to one disk. The disk is molded with the plastic hard. The plastics material used the one that the ferrite powder was mixed with the polyacetal resin. Making to magnetism is possible by the magnetization technology. The mechanism, molding, making to magnetism, and the magnetic induction, etc. were examined in the experiment. The development of non-contact made of plastic hard traction drive device was proven to be possible by this research.

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