scholarly journals Ciclos económicos y variables monetarias y financieras en México, 1980-2019: un enfoque de cambio estructural

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Reyna Vergara González ◽  
Pablo Mejía Reyes ◽  
Miguel Angel Díaz Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cycle Indicator ◽  
Over Time

El objetivo de este documento es analizar la relación entre el ciclo económico y diversas variables monetarias y financieras con el fin de determinar si han sido estables en el tiempo, teniendo en cuenta los efectos de las modificaciones en las condiciones económicas generales, la estrategia específica adoptada de política monetaria en diferentes subperiodos y las condiciones institucionales en que esta se maneja. Para probar la estabilidad de estas relaciones, una vez que se obtienen los indicadores del ciclo mediante los filtros convencionales, se emplea la metodología de cambio estructural de Bai y Perron (1998). Los resultados destacan dos cambios estructurales en la relación entre el indicador del ciclo y las variables de inflación, tasa de interés, tipo de cambio nominal y agregados monetarios nominales, uno a mediados de los años ochenta y el otro a mediados de los noventa.   Abstract   This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the business cycle and various monetary and financial variables. In particular, the paper seeks to determine whether this relationship has been stable over time, considering the effects of the changes in the general economic conditions, the specific monetary policy strategy adopted in different subperiods, and the institutional framework in which this is managed. To test the stability of these relationships, once the cycle indicators are obtained using conventional filters, the structural change methodology of Bai and Perron (1998) is used. The results highlight two structural changes in the relationship between the cycle indicator and inflation, interest rate, nominal exchange rate, and nominal monetary aggregates, one in the mid-eighties and the other in the middle of the nineties.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Bank wholesale funding and credit procyclicality: Evidence from Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjun Jeong ◽  
Hueechae Jung
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Fragility ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Credit procyclicality has recently been the focus of considerable attention, but what fuels the often excessive credit growth is rarely questioned. We investigate the relationship between the composition of banks? liabilities and their credit procyclicality. After examining the macroeconomic context where banks rely increasingly on wholesale funding (WSF), we estimate the effect of WSF on the banks? credit growth using quarterly panel data for the commercial banks of Korea from 2000 to 2011. We find that a higher sensitivity of banks? WSF to the business cycle leads to an excessive response of credit growth to the business cycle, even with a low share of WSF on bank liabilities. On the other hand, we find that overseas WSF has a more marked effect on credit procyclicality, which may additionally exacerbate the financial fragility of export-led emerging economies.

STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF Sr(N3)2 UNDER PRESSURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANGFANG DONG ◽  
XINLU CHENG ◽  
SUHONG GE
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Polymorphic Transformation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Structural And Electronic Properties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ionic Configuration

Structural and electronic properties of Sr ( N 3)2 under pressure up to 120 GPa are studied by means of SIESTA calculation. The pressure–angle as well as the cell parameters relation respect to pressure is employed to study the structural changes under pressure. The obtained N–N bond length at zero pressure is in agreement with the other works. The energy band gap takes on the trend of decreasing below 20 GPa and this trend could result in the reduction of the stability for Sr ( N 3)2 crystal, but at 30 GPa it increases suddenly. And polymorphic transformation is observed. The ionic configuration for Sr ( N 3)2 in the fundamental state is estimated to be Sr +1.200 N -0.200. The charge density of N atom is more sensitive to pressure variation than that of Sr atom.

Research on Uplink Semi-Persistent Scheduling in LTE System

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1952-1956
Author(s):  
Ji Ke Gao ◽  
De Min Zhang ◽  
Fa Tang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Online Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Collision Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Relationship

In LTE(Long Term Evolution) system, scheduling plays an important role in the process of allocating resource. LTE system puts forward semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) for new applications such as VoIP(Voice on Internet Protocol) and online games. Considering the problem of resource collision in SPS HARQ(Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) process, we explore the relationship between uplink semi-persistent scheduling period and the number of semi-persistent transmissions, and propose two novel solutions. One is choosing specific uplink semi-persistent period for different uplink/downlink (UL/DL) configurations and the number of transmissions. The other is delaying collision processes for the configuration of small uplink period. The analysis proves that the two solutions can reduce the collision probability and improve the stability of LTE system.

Constitutionalism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Zackin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Over Time

The study of constitutionalism often begins with the question of what a constitution is. Sometimes the term refers to a single legal document with that name, but the term “constitution” may also refer to something unwritten, such as important political traditions or established customs. As a result, scholars sometimes distinguish between the “Big-C” constitution, that is, the constitutional document, and the “small-c” constitution, the set of unwritten practices and understandings that structure political life. Constitutionalism is typically associated with documents and practices that restrict the arbitrary exercise of power. Most constitutions contain guarantees of rights and outline the structures of government. Constitutions are often enforced in court, but nonjudicial actors, like legislatures or popular movements, may also enforce constitutional provisions. The relationship between democracy and constitutionalism is not at all straightforward, and it has received an enormous amount of scholarly attention. Constitutionalism seems to both undergird and restrain democracy. On the one hand, constitutions establish the institutions that allow for self-government. On the other, they are often said to restrict majoritarian decision-making. Related to this question of the relationship between constitutionalism and democracy are questions about how constitutions change and how they ought to change. Can written constitutions change without changes to the text, and can judges bring about these changes? Do extratextual changes threaten or promote democracy? Finally, not only do individual constitutions change, but the practice of writing constitutions and governing with them has also changed over time. In general, constitutions have grown more specific and flexible over time, arguably, allowing for a different kind of constitutional politics.

Introduction to the essence of security and security strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Jacek A. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Sun Tzu ◽  
Strategic Actions ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Ensuring freedom from threats to security subjects requires the elaboration of a security strategy. The relationship between security strategy and development strategy is the same as that between security and development themselves – one determines the other. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to discuss the essence of security and its basic conceptual categories, as well as the implementation of its provision through strategic efforts. At the beginning, the essence of the phenomenon of security is presented and the most important definitions are quoted. Similarly, the author discusses the concept of strategy and shows the evolution of its understanding. This allows to discuss the typology of security strategies and to mention the most important figures that became part of history thanks to their achievements in the theory of strategy, including Sun Tzu, Thucydides, Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte. A few of the most important principles formulated by these figures are recalled, which may be important hints for contemporary strategists as well. Finally, the author gives the most important definitions of ideas related to security: the security environment, the interests of the security subject, opportunities, challenges, risks, threats, rules and methods. Their essence is emphasized in the light of the considerations presented above. The author concludes that the strategic categories are superior to the respective political categories and distinguishes three types of contemporary strategic actions. He also recognizes that the biggest challenge in terms of security is the prevention of threats, e.g. by means of stabilization activities whose essence is to maintain and promote the stability of the security environment.

Analysis of CTBT IMS Hydroacoustic hydrophone station underwater system electronics calibration sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Zampolli ◽  
Georgios Haralabus ◽  
Jerry Stanley ◽  
Peter Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Response ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Ascension Island ◽  
Element Input ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

<p>The end-to-end calibration from the hydrophone ceramic element input to the digitizer output of CTBT IMS Hydroacoustic (HA) hydrophone stations is measured in a laboratory environment before deployment. After the hydrophones are deployed permanently with the Underwater System (UWS) hydrophone triplets, the response of the digitizer component can be measured by activating remotely a relay which excludes the hydrophone ceramic, preamplifier and riser cable, and feeds a pre-stored known waveform into the digitizer circuit via a digital-to-analogue converter. Analysis of these underwater calibration sequences makes it possible to verify the stability of the digitizer response over time and obtain useful information for investigations which require an accurate knowledge of the system response. Results are presented showing the stability of the UWS electronics response over time and one case, pertaining to the H10S triplet of HA10 Ascension Island, where changes in the calibration response appeared after the onset of electronic noise in one hydrophone channel with cross-talk to the other two channels.</p>

INTERROGATIVE CHUNKS IN FRENCH L2

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Myles ◽  
Rosamond Mitchell ◽  
Janet Hooper
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Rote Learning ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Creative Construction ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the relationship between formulaic language and creative construction in SLA by examining the production of interrogatives in an extensive naturalistic corpus of L2 French produced by early classroom learners. The paper first analyzes the production and breakdown of such formulaic language over time, before exploring the development of more creative structures. The interaction between the two processes “rote learning of formulas and creative construction” is then investigated. This interaction is shown to be a dynamic two-way process, with learners being driven forward in the development of their L2 system by their attempts to resolve the tension between structurally complex but communicatively rich formulas on the one hand, and structurally simple but communicatively inadequate creative structures on the other hand.

The puzzles of union density in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Nergaard ◽  
Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nordic Region ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

The level of union density in Norway is medium high, in contrast to the other Nordic countries where high density levels are supported by unemployment insurance funds. Developments in union density over time are stable in Norway, contrary to developments in most western European countries outside the Nordic region. This article traces the effects of unemployment insurance funds by comparing density levels in Norway with those in Finland and Sweden. In addition, the stability witnessed in union density in Norway over time is a particularly puzzling phenomenon, and the authors seek to explain it on the basis of specific institutional and labour market factors.

scholarly journals Unique thermodynamic relationships for Δf H o and Δf G o for crystalline inorganic salts. I. Predicting the possible existence and synthesis of Na2SO2 and Na2SeO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Vegas ◽  
Joel F. Liebman ◽  
H. Donald Brooke Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Target Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
The Stability

The concept that equates oxidation and pressure has been successfully utilized in explaining the structural changes observed in the M 2S subnets of M 2SO x (x = 3, 4) compounds (M = Na, K) when compared with the structures (room- and high-pressure phases) of their parent M 2S `alloy' [Martínez-Cruz et al. (1994), J. Solid State Chem. 110, 397–398; Vegas (2000), Crystallogr. Rev. 7, 189–286; Vegas et al. (2002), Solid State Sci. 4, 1077–1081]. These structural changes suggest that if M 2SO2 would exist, its cation array might well have an anti-CaF2 structure. On the other hand, in an analysis of the existing thermodynamic data for M 2S, M 2SO3 and M 2SO4 we have identified, and report, a series of unique linear relationships between the known Δf H o and Δf G o values of the alkali metal (M) sulfide (x = 0) and their oxyanion salts M 2SO x (x = 3 and 4), and the similarly between M 2S2 disulfide (x = 0) and disulfur oxyanion salts M 2S2O x (x = 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and the number of O atoms in their anions x. These linear relationships appear to be unique to sulfur compounds and their inherent simplicity permits us to interpolate thermochemical data (Δf H o) for as yet unprepared compounds, M 2SO (x = 1) and M 2SO2 (x = 2). The excellent linearity indicates the reliability of the interpolated data. Making use of the volume-based thermodynamics, VBT [Jenkins et al. (1999), Inorg. Chem. 38, 3609–3620], the values of the absolute entropies were estimated and from them, the standard Δf S o values, and then the Δf G o values of the salts. A tentative proposal is made for the synthesis of Na2SO2 which involves bubbling SO2 through a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia. For this attractive thermodynamic route, we estimate ΔG o to be approximately −500 kJ mol−1. However, examination of the stability of Na2SO2 raises doubts and Na2SeO2 emerges as a more attractive target material. Its synthesis is likely to be easier and it is stable to disproportionation into Na2S and Na2SeO4. Like Na2SO2, this compound is predicted to have an anti-CaF2 Na2Se subnet.

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