scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-273
Author(s):  
S. Morsi Mamdouh ◽  
Abdelhai A. Farrag ◽  
Esam E. A. El Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Groundwater Samples

A general increase of water demand in Egypt is prominently denoted. This situation is more noticeable in the Middle and Upper Egypt of arid Zone and limited water resources in which Assiut is one of the governorates of this Zone. The main objectives of this study are to assess the groundwater quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, one hundred and nine groundwater samples were collected from Quaternary aquifer during autumn of the year 2013. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO, 1985), and Rowe, et al. 1995, taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydrochemical data. The results show that 47% none degree of restriction on use and 52% Slightly to moderate degree of restriction on use, According TDS hazarded. 55 % belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and45 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching, According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC,TDS and SAR) hazarded. while according to RSC (residual sodium carbonate100% Low RSC hazard (safe water for irrigation. 89% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems and11% good to permissible for irrigation semi - tolerant and tolerant crops and slightly to moderate likelihood of soil problems according Boron content, in compared to recommended limits in (FAO, 1995, 2010) guideline for irrigation water.  Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the ground wells, irrigation canals and River Nile; avoiding the construction of open septic tanks, especially near the pumping wells; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical character's of the available irrigation water and soil properties.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical assessment and groundwater pollution parameters in arid zone: Case of the Turonian aquifer in Béchar region, southwestern Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Ikram Mokeddem ◽  
Meriem Belhachemi ◽  
Touhami Merzougui ◽  
Noria Nabbou ◽  
Salih Lachache
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractGroundwater samples from Turonian aquifer of Béchar region were evaluated as drinking and irrigation water sources. physicochemical parameters including pH, EC, TH, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42– and NO3− were determined for 16 water sampling points. These characterizations show that the groundwater is fresh to brackish, slightly alkaline and the major ions are Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42–. According to WHO standards, 50% of the analysed water are suitable as a drinking source while the other samples are not in compliance with drinking water standards. This non-compliance is basically due to the high concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and SO42– requesting further treatment to reach the stringent standards. According to the results of nitrate concentrations, anthropogenic source seems to influence the groundwater quality. The present study shows that Béchar groundwater may represent an important drinking and irrigation water source. However, a specific management strategy should be adapted in order to avoid the contamination by anthropogenic sources.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-179
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Salama Morsi ◽  
Abdel Hai. A. Farrag ◽  
Esam E. A. El Sayed ◽  
Ashraf M. T. Elewa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Water from some sources may contain so much salt that it is unsuitable for irrigation because of potential danger to the soil or crops. Irrigation water quality can best be determined by chemical laboratory analysis. The main objectives of this study are to assess the surface water quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, thirty surface water samples were collected from River Nile and main irrigation canals. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO 1985), and (Rowe, et al. 1995), taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydro chemical data. The results show that 97% of surface water samples lie within no restriction on use level and 3% is represent slight to moderate restoration on use according to TDS concentrations. 97 % of surface water samples belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and 3 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC, TDS and SAR). Where 87% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems According Boron content. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the irrigation canals and River Nile; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical characters of the available irrigation water and soil properties.

scholarly journals Application of Multiple Approaches to Investigate the Hydrochemistry Evolution of Groundwater in an Arid Region: Nomhon, Northwestern China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuan Yang ◽  
Guangcai Wang ◽  
Zheming Shi ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Wanjun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Gypsum Precipitation

Groundwater is a critical water resource for human survival and economic development in arid and semi-arid areas. It is crucial to understand the groundwater circulation and hydrochemical evolution for sustainable management and utilization of groundwater resources in those areas. To this end, an investigation of the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater was conducted in Nomhon, an arid area located in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, by using hydrochemical (major and trace elements) and stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) approaches. Stable isotopes and ion ratios were analyzed to determine the recharge sources, hydrochemistry characteristics, and major hydrogeochemical processes. Meanwhile, inverse geochemistry modeling was applied to quantitatively determine the mass transfer of hydrogeochemical processes. The results showed that groundwater in the study area is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation in mountainous areas, and the groundwater in the center of basin might originate from ancient water in cold and humid environments. Along the groundwater flow path, the TDS of groundwater increased gradually from fresh to salty (ranging from 462.50 to 19,604.40 mg/L), and the hydrochemical type changed from Cl·HCO3–Na·Mg·Ca to Cl–Na. Groundwater chemical composition and mass balance modeling results indicated that from alluvial fan to lacustrine plain, the main hydrogeochemical processes changed from the dissolution of halite and albite and the precipitation of dolomite and kaolinite to the dissolution of halite and gypsum, precipitation of calcite, redox (SO42− reduction), and cation exchange. This study would be helpful for water resources management in this area and other similar areas.

scholarly journals A New Optimization Method for the Layout of Pumping Wells in Oases: Application in the Qira Oasis, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Mengyang Shen ◽  
Jianping Zhao ◽  
Heng Dai ◽  
Dongwei Gui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Arid Northwestern China ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Groundwater Supply

Oases are vital habitat areas for both humans and wild plants and animals in desert areas of arid Northwestern China. The efficient management of oasis water resources, especially groundwater resources, is very important for the environmental sustainability and economic development of the region. Pumping wells play a vital role in the oasis groundwater supply; therefore, optimizing the layout of these wells is essential for water resource management. In this study, we present a novel optimization methodology that implements a genetic algorithm and nonlinear programming model for the layout of pumping wells. The methodology was tested and evaluated in the real oasis case study of Qira Oasis located in southern Xinjiang Province, China. The optimization result shows that only 68 pumping wells are required for irrigation purposes of Qira Oasis, and this layout reduces the number of current pumping wells strongly by 59%. Thus, a large number of pumping wells can be closed to save resources. The optimizing method presented in this research is mathematically general and can be applied to other oasis areas without any obstacles. This method can provide decision-makers and managers with key information to ensure the optimal management and safety of valuable groundwater resources in oases.

scholarly journals Geochemical controls on the distribution of radio-trace elements in groundwater resources of Shir-Kuh granitoid aquifer, central Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Yazdizadeh ◽  
Hadi Jafari ◽  
Rahim Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Calcite Dissolution

Abstract Granitic groundwaters are important resources in arid regions. However, they are not always pure due to having appreciable amounts of trace elements. The present study was conducted to investigate chemical compositions for finding controls on distribution of heavy metals and natural radioelements (U and Th) in groundwater resources of Shir-Kuh granitoid aquifer (SGA), central Iran. Thirty water samples were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements. The average values of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH are 624 μs/cm and 7.5, respectively. The dominant groundwater type is Ca-HCO3, as a result of the calcite dissolution and biotite weathering. Principal component analysis in support of mass balance studies recognizes dissolution of fracture-filling sediments and rock mineral weathering as the main factors enhancing major ions in SGA. These processes also release trace elements in decreasing order of Sr > Ba > Sn > W > Cu > U > Zn > Th. Weathering of biotite enclosing accessory minerals of monazite and zircon is introduced as the main source of radio-trace elements in SGA. Health concerns are currently related to U in drinking groundwater, as the maximum concentration (13.6 μg/L) approaches the Iranian drinking standard of 15 μg/L, in response to the oxidizing nature of the groundwater, calcite dissolution-related mobilization, and the degree of the water–rock interactions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2775-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beyer ◽  
R. van der Raaij ◽  
U. Morgenstern ◽  
B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Age ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Halon 1301 ◽  
Gaseous Substance ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Dating ◽  
Age Estimates

Abstract. Groundwater dating is an important tool to assess groundwater resources in regards to their dynamics, i.e. direction and timescale of groundwater flow and recharge, contamination risks and manage remediation. To infer groundwater age information, a combination of different environmental tracers, such as tritium and SF6, are commonly used. However, ambiguous age interpretations are often faced, due to a limited set of available tracers and their individual restricted application ranges. For more robust groundwater dating multiple tracers need to be applied complementarily (or other characterisation methods need to be used to complement tracer information). It is important that additional, groundwater age tracers are found to ensure robust groundwater dating in future. We have recently suggested that Halon-1301, a water soluble and entirely anthropogenic gaseous substance, may be a promising candidate, but its behaviour in water and suitability as a groundwater age tracer had not yet been assessed in detail. In this study, we determined Halon-1301 and inferred age information in 17 New Zealand groundwater samples and various modern (river) water samples. The samples were simultaneously analysed for Halon-1301 and SF6, which allowed for identification of issues such as contamination of the water with modern air during sampling. All analysed groundwater sites had also been previously dated with tritium, CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF6, and exhibited mean residence times ranging from modern (close to 0 years) to over 100 years. The investigated groundwater samples ranged from oxic to highly anoxic. All samples with available CFC data were degraded and/or contaminated in one or both of CFC-11 and CFC-12. This allowed us to make a first attempt of assessing the conservativeness of Halon-1301 in water, in terms of presence of local sources and its sensitivity towards degradation, which could affect the suitability of Halon-1301 as groundwater age tracer. Overall we found Halon-1301 reliably inferred the mean residence time of groundwater recharged between 1980 and 2014. Where direct age comparison could be made 71% of mean age estimates for the studied groundwater sites were in agreement with ages inferred from tritium and SF6 (within an uncertainty of 1 standard deviation). The remaining (anoxic) sites showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301 along with even further reduced concentrations of CFCs. The reason(s) for this need to be further assessed, but are likely to be caused by sorption or degradation of the compounds. Despite some groundwater samples showing evidence of contamination from industrial or agricultural sources (inferred by elevated CFC concentrations), no sample showed a significantly elevated concentration of Halon-1301, which suggests no local anthropogenic or geologic sources of Halon-1301 contamination.

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