Hydrochemical assessment and groundwater pollution parameters in arid zone: Case of the Turonian aquifer in Béchar region, southwestern Algeria

AbstractGroundwater samples from Turonian aquifer of Béchar region were evaluated as drinking and irrigation water sources. physicochemical parameters including pH, EC, TH, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42– and NO3− were determined for 16 water sampling points. These characterizations show that the groundwater is fresh to brackish, slightly alkaline and the major ions are Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl− and SO42–. According to WHO standards, 50% of the analysed water are suitable as a drinking source while the other samples are not in compliance with drinking water standards. This non-compliance is basically due to the high concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and SO42– requesting further treatment to reach the stringent standards. According to the results of nitrate concentrations, anthropogenic source seems to influence the groundwater quality. The present study shows that Béchar groundwater may represent an important drinking and irrigation water source. However, a specific management strategy should be adapted in order to avoid the contamination by anthropogenic sources.

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Geo-Temporal Signatures of Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Pollution in Groundwater of Khulais Region—Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.800517 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Yawar Ali Khan ◽

Mohamed El Kashouty ◽

Waleed Gusti ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Ali Mohammad Subyani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Major Ions ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Heavy Metals Pollution ◽

High Concentrations

Seawater has intruded into many of Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coastal aquifers, with varying degrees of extension depending on location, hydrogeology, and population density. This study aimed to evaluate and comprehend the processes that influence the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer in Saudi Arabia’s Khulais region. Groundwater samples were taken from nineteen locations during the winter and summer of 2021, and data from major ions and trace elements were examined and interpreted using ArcGIS software. The total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranged between 480 and 15,236 mg/L and 887–18,620 mg/L in winter and summer, respectively. Groundwater TDS concentration was observed to be influenced by groundwater flow, lithogenic, anthropogenic, and seawater intrusion in this study (2021) when compared to 2016. The concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and strontium (Sr) in most samples exceeds the drinking guidelines. The occurrence of high concentrations of bromide (Br), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe) (winter and summer) and Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) (winter) was also exhibited and observed up to more than drinking and irrigation limits. The central part of the study area was affected by seawater intrusion. The hydraulic conductivity of the topsoil was measured, and it ranged from 0.24 to 29.3 m/day. Based on electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio, most aquifer samples were unsuitable for irrigation (SAR).

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The effect of human activities on the pollution of water in southwest Giza area, Egypt

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2017.038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1368-1376 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elsayed M. Abu El Ella ◽

Ahmed A. Elnazer ◽

Salman A. Salman

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Major Ions ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Industrial Complexes ◽

And Migration ◽

Surface Water Samples

Southwest Giza area is one of the most complicated regions in Egypt because of the combination of agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities with few studies about water resources contamination with heavy metals. In this study, ten surface water samples and eight groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pollution with Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. The samples were collected randomly according to the topographic locations and accessibility. The surface water is suitable for both drinking and irrigation use according to its salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS < 500 mg/l) and content of major ions. Unfortunately, some samples contain concentrations of As, Cd, Cu and Pb higher than the WHO drinking water guidelines. The groundwater samples have TDS ranging from 204 to 2,100 mg/l. Also, the groundwater contains higher concentrations of Fe, Mn and As than surface water. The highest concentrations of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb were recorded in the desert fringes and close to the industrial complexes indicating the role of geological sediments in the transportation and migration of pollutants. The unconfined part of the Quaternary aquifer in the desert fringes is more vulnerable to contamination. The results of this study reflect the role of human and industrial activates in polluting water resources with heavy metals, which puts the aquatic environment in the study area under stress.

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Major Ions for Tracing Leachate Migration within Shallow Groundwater in the Vicinity of Municipal Landfill in Bantar Gebang - Bekasi

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.25702 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati ◽

Satrio Satrio ◽

Rasi Prasetio

Keyword(s):

Major Ions ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

The Other ◽

Sanitary Landfill ◽

Water Type ◽

Fresh Groundwater ◽

Monitoring Wells ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Ion Contents ◽

High Concentrations

Bantar Gebang landfill located in Bekasi regency is a biggest sanitary landfill in Indonesia which comes up some refusals from local people because of its bad impact on their environment. Major ion contents in leachate and fresh groundwater were investigated during the rainy and dry season to determine contamination by leachate released from Bantar Gebang and Sumur Batu landfill. Leachate contained high concentrations of all major ions that was mainly characterized as a NaKHCO3 water type. On the other hand, most fresh groundwater samples were predominated by CaMgHCO3 and CaMgCl water type. Concentrations of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- in leachate were to be in a maximum factor of 2110; 7; 6; 143; 20; 112; 349 and 20, respectively than its contents in groundwater. Leachate from Bantar Gebang was detected have a higher concentration than those contained in Sumur Batu that was probably due to its mature leachate. An estimated mixture of leachate to fresh water in monitoring wells (5 m and 15 m depth) was in the range of 20 to 34%, related to Na+ and Cl- signatures, while the shallow groundwater located in residents in the vicinity of these landfills exhibited maximum leachate about 2%.

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GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the outlet and central parts of Wadi El-Assiuti, Assiut Governorate, Egypt

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00428-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanaa A. Megahed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

World Health ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Groundwater Samples

Abstract Background The limited water resources in arid environments in addition to the effect of agricultural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quantity and quality necessitate paying more attention to the quality assessment of these resources. The present studies assess the quality of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti, south Egypt, and evaluate their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. To achieve this goal, 159 groundwater samples were collected from the outlet and central parts of the Wadi El-Assiuti during the autumn season (October–November) of 2019 and were analyzed for major ions, trace elements and heavy metals. Results The results indicate that the TDS values range between 1972 and 6217 ppm, while the concentration of trace elements (Fe++, Mn++ and Ni+) ranges between 0.05 and 0.46, 0.11 and 0.221 and 0.01 and 0.6 ppm, respectively. These results show that all groundwater samples are clearly unacceptable and inappropriate for human drinking due to their high content of total dissolved solids, trace elements and heavy metals, particularly in the majority of samples according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Egyptian standards (Eg. St. 2007) for drinking water quality. Spatial analysis of the TDS values in geographic information system environment indicates that the salinity is higher in the northeast and gradually decreases southward. Sodium adsorption ratio, US Salinity Laboratory classification (1954), residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage and permeability index show that most groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. Conclusions The integrated approach provided in this study highlights the spatially distributed suitability of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti and can be applied in similar basins worldwide.

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Groundwater hydrochemistry in the crystalline laterites/forest loams of Kasargod district, Kerala, India

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2013.049 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 486-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. S. Akhil ◽

K. N. Sumangala ◽

C. H. Sujatha

Keyword(s):

Major Ions ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Major Cations ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽

Irrigation Quality

Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in the specific hot spot areas of Kasargod District, Kerala, India, was conducted during July 2009 to January 2011. Groundwater samples were examined and quantified for the major cations and anions, microbiological parameters, irrigation quality parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual Mg/Ca ratio and %Na. Most of the ground samples were acidic in nature and the fluoride concentrations exhibited below the desirable limit. Concentration of iron exceeds the desirable limit of 0.3 mg/l during monsoon 2009 and pre-monsoon 2010. The competitive and non-competitive ion relationship between the major ions was authenticated by the correlation study.

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Understanding Groundwater Mineralization Changes of a Belgian Chalky Aquifer in the Presence of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Degradation Reactions

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2009

Author(s):

Youcef Boudjana ◽

Serge Brouyère ◽

Pierre Jamin ◽

Philippe Orban ◽

Davide Gasparella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Ions ◽

Chlorinated Solvents ◽

Leaching Test ◽

Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Calcite Dissolution ◽

Degradation Reactions ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Groundwater Mineralization

An abandoned industrial site in Belgium, located in the catchment of a chalk aquifer mainly used for drinking water, has been investigated for groundwater pollution due to a mixture of chlorinated solvents with mainly 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) at high concentrations. The observed elevated groundwater mineralization was partly explained by chemical reactions associated with hydrolysis and dehydrohalogenation (HY/DH) of 1,1,1-TCA in the chalky aquifer. Leaching of soluble compounds from a backfilled layer located in the site could also have influenced the groundwater composition. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater mineralization through a characterization of the backfill and groundwater chemical composition. This is essential in the context of required site remediation to define appropriate remediation measures to soil and groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected for chemical analyses of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, major ions, and several minor ones. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and a leaching test according to CEN/TS 14405 norm were carried out on the backfill soil. δ34S and δ18O of sulphate in groundwater and in the backfill eluates were also compared. Both effects influencing the groundwater hydrochemistry around the site were clarified. First, calcite dissolution under the 1,1,1-TCA degradation reactions results in a water mineralization increase. It was assessed by geochemical batch simulations based on observed data. Second, sulphate and calcium released from the backfill have reached the groundwater. The leaching test provided an estimation of the minimal released quantities.

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Geochemical characteristics of deep groundwater from sandstone aquifer in Qianyingzi mine, northern Anhui province, China

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2014.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 95-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

He Rong Gui

Keyword(s):

Exchange Reaction ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anhui Province ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Piper Diagram ◽

Sandstone Aquifer ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

High Concentrations

Major ions, trace elements and isotope concentrations for eight groundwater samples were tested, which collected from sandstone aquifer in Qianyingzi mine, northern Anhui province, China. The Geochemical characteristic of groundwater samples were studied based on the conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach, and the resulted showed: two types of groundwater could be identified through the Piper diagram, which have high concentrations total dissolved solids (1,164–5,165 mg/L), with alkaline environment (pH = 8.02–8.90) in nature; the rare earth element of groundwater samples are characterized by enrichment of HREEs compared to LREEs when normalized to PAAS, which presented from the NdSN/YbSN ratios ranging from 0.042 to 0.121, with an average 0.075; groundwater characterized by negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, what could be caused by the Ph conditions and exchange reaction between Eu2+ and Sr2+, respectively; δ18O and δ2H of groundwater varied from −8.78 to −8.36‰ and −68.5 to −59.5‰, respectively. The detritus and the exchange reaction between groundwater and alkyl could be the reason of obviously drift of δ2H.

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ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN ASSIUT GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i4.2018.1649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 248-273

Author(s):

S. Morsi Mamdouh ◽

Abdelhai A. Farrag ◽

Esam E. A. El Sayed

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Upper Egypt ◽

Laboratory Staff ◽

Pumping Wells ◽

Groundwater Samples

A general increase of water demand in Egypt is prominently denoted. This situation is more noticeable in the Middle and Upper Egypt of arid Zone and limited water resources in which Assiut is one of the governorates of this Zone. The main objectives of this study are to assess the groundwater quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, one hundred and nine groundwater samples were collected from Quaternary aquifer during autumn of the year 2013. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO, 1985), and Rowe, et al. 1995, taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydrochemical data. The results show that 47% none degree of restriction on use and 52% Slightly to moderate degree of restriction on use, According TDS hazarded. 55 % belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and45 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching, According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC,TDS and SAR) hazarded. while according to RSC (residual sodium carbonate100% Low RSC hazard (safe water for irrigation. 89% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems and11% good to permissible for irrigation semi - tolerant and tolerant crops and slightly to moderate likelihood of soil problems according Boron content, in compared to recommended limits in (FAO, 1995, 2010) guideline for irrigation water. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the ground wells, irrigation canals and River Nile; avoiding the construction of open septic tanks, especially near the pumping wells; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical character's of the available irrigation water and soil properties.

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Analyzing the major ions and trace elements of groundwater wells in Kuala Langat, Selangor

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.2168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 56-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hazimah Haspi Harun ◽

Mohamad Roslan M. K. ◽

S. Nurhidayu ◽

Zulfa Hanan Asha’ari ◽

Faradiella Mohd Kusin

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Major Ions ◽

Principal Component ◽

Water Source ◽

High Concentration ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Alternative Water ◽

Iron Manganese ◽

Groundwater Wells

The analysis of trace elements and major ions on groundwater wells in Kuala Langat become the aim of this paper for the purposes to investigate the quality of the groundwater to be considered as a suitable alternative water source for domestic purposes. The groundwater sampling was conducted in thirteen stations of groundwater wells. The groundwater samples were taken from the groundwater wells which scatter in agricultural areas in Kuala Langat, Selangor. The major ions parameters have analyzed in the groundwater samples were calcium, magnesium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, HCO3 -, Cl-, SO4 2-). Meanwhile, the trace element parameters were aluminum, iron, manganese, strontium, zinc, and copper (Al, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zn, and Cu). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to determine the influence of major ions and trace elements concentration in groundwater. Chloride, potassium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, and bicarbonate (Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, and HCO3 -) were principal parameters in the first component of PCA analysis. The concentration of trace elements shows iron is the high concentration in groundwater samples. Hence, the concentration of iron in current sampling shows exceed the recommended level for raw water of the Ministry of Health. The influences from seawater intrusion and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) in groundwater also have been discussed.

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Chlorine oxidation of VOCs at a semi-rural site in Beijing: Significant chlorine liberation from ClNO<sub>2</sub> and subsequent gas and particle phase Cl-VOC production

10.5194/acp-2018-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Le Breton ◽

Åsa M. Hallquist ◽

Ravi Kant Pathak ◽

David Simpson ◽

Yujue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorine Atom ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Rural Site ◽

Anthropogenic Source ◽

High Time Resolution ◽

Particle Phase ◽

Night Time ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract. Nitryl Chloride (ClNO2) accumulation at night-time acts as a significant reservoir for active chlorine and impacts the following day's photochemistry when the chlorine atom is liberated at sunrise. Here, we report simultaneous measurements of N2O5, a suite of inorganic halogens including ClNO2 and Cl-VOCs in the gas and particle phase utilizing the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS during an intensive measurement campaign 40 km Northwest of Beijing in May and June 2016. A maximum concentration of 2900 ppt of ClNO2 was observed with a mean campaign night-time concentration of 487 ppt, appearing to have an anthropogenic source supported by correlation with SO2, CO and benzene, which often persisted at high levels after sunrise until midday. This was attributed to such high concentrations persisting after numerous e-folding times of the photolytic lifetime enabling the chlorine atom production to reach 2.3 × 105 molecules cm−3 from ClNO2 alone, peaking at 9:30 am and up to 8.4 × 105 molecules cm−3 when including the supporting inorganic halogen measurements. Cl-VOCs were measured in the particle and gas phase for the first time at high time resolution and illustrate how the iodide ToF-CIMS can detect unique markers of chlorine atom chemistry in ambient air from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Their presence and abundance can be explained via time series of their measured and steady state calculated precursors, enabling the assessment of competing OH and chlorine atom oxidation via measurements of products from both of these mechanisms and their relative contribution to SOA formation.

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