scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF HOME-GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME: A CASE OF WESTERN PROVINCE, ZAMBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Constance Sitali
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Western Province ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
The Government

Home-grown school feeding (HGSF) is an innovative approach to school meals that encourages school to source nutritious food from local smallholder farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the opportunities and challenges of Home-grown school feeding in Western Province of Zambia. The study was guided by the theory of change by Weiss. Being a qualitative study, descriptive approach was used as a design. A total of 81 informants were targeted; 10 headteachers and 30 teachers from 10 public primary schools, 40 selected smallholder farmers from communities around schools and WFP Provincial Officer. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the informants as they were directly involved in the school feeding while simple random sampling was used to select 10 public primary schools in 5 districts. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured questionnaires and face to face interview guide. Qualitative data obtained were transcribed, analysed thematically and presented descriptively with verbatim quotes. The study revealed that HGSF has several opportunities, namely; equitable access to education, foster local economic, stimulating agriculture growth, food security and nutritious foods, diversification of local production, job creation, access to additional market and capacity building among others. Further, despite multiple opportunities, the study was characterized by some challenges such as climate change resulting in an unpredictable weather pattern, inconsistency in supply of food to schools, frequent rise of food prices affecting household food access, low level of agriculture technology and high dependency on rainfall for farming activities, the use of centralised approach to procurement of food,  price volatility and unpredictable markets, lack of infrastructure and water scarcity.  The study recommended that the Government should put in place a set of mechanisms that assist smallholder farmers in applying good agricultural practices and enhance their adaptability to climate change.

scholarly journals Effect of School Feeding Programme on Pastoralists’ Pupils’ Participation in Regular and Mobile Primary Schools in Turkana County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Paul Ekeno Ejore ◽  
Daniel Komo Gakunga ◽  
Musembi Nungu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
The Government ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Kenya’s Turkana County, being an arid area, is faced with numerous challenges that hinder education programs especially among school going pupils. Therefore, the study sought to establish the effectiveness of the government interventions measures on pastoralists’ pupils’ participation in regular and mobile primary schools in Turkana County. Based on the study, this paper explores the effectiveness of the school feeding programme in promoting access to education among pupils from pastoralist communities in the County. The study utilized both descriptive survey as well as mixed methods. It utilised a sample of 75 head teachers, 225 teachers, 375 pupils, 85 parents, 3 education officers (1 from each sub-county), 1 County Director of Education and 1 County Commissioner. For data collection, the study employed questionnaires, interview schedules and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was coded and keyed into the computer using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). In order to test the effectiveness of the government intervention, regression test an (inferential statistics) was applied. The analysed data was presented using tables. The qualitative data from interview schedules and focused group discussion was organized into major themes as per the research objectives. The results were presented thematically using extensive description and direct quotations. Hypotheses were analysed using regression analysis. The findings of the study showed that the feeding programme influenced many pastoralists’ pupils’ participation in both regular and mobile primary schools. The study recommends that the government should make efforts to ensure that food is supplied to schools in in time. There is also need to enrich the nutritional quality of the food supplied to schools. This paper highlights the major contribution of school feeding interventions in increasing access to quality education among marginalised communities. It will inform future policies aimed at such interventions by governments and education stakeholders.

Climate change perception and choice of adaptation strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Seifu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and its adverse effects, identify major adaptation strategies used by farmers and analyze the factors that influence the choice of adaptation strategy by smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach – The study was based on a cross-sectional survey of 296 sample households selected from three districts in east Ethiopia. Data were collected with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire and review of literature, documents and databases. Findings – The study provides empirical evidence that majority of farmers in the study area are aware of climate change patterns and their adverse effect on income, food security, diversity, forest resources, food prices and crop and livestock diseases. In response to these adverse effects, major adaptation strategies used by farmers include cultivating different crops, planting different crop varieties, changing planting dates, use of soil and water conservation techniques, conservation agriculture practices and engaging in non-farm income activities. Choice of adaptation strategies are influenced by gender of household head, household size, farm size, distance from market and number of farm plots. Practical implications – The study suggests that developing more effective climate change adaptation strategies need support from the government. Such an effort needs provision of the necessary resources such as credit, information and extension services on climate change adaptation strategies and technologies, and investing in climate smart and resilient projects. Originality/value – The study adopts multivariate probit model that models farmers’ simultaneous adaptation choice behavior which has been rarely addressed by previous researches.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Pupils’ Completion Rate Before And During 2006/2007 School Feeding Programme In Selected Public Primary Schools In Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Anero
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact

The study titled ‘Comparison of pupils’ completion rate before and during 2006/2007 school feeding programme in selected public primary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria was carried out to determine the impact of the feeding programme on the pupils’ completion rate. The study compared the completion rate of pupils before and during the feeding programme and also investigated the completion rate on the bases of boys and girls as well as urban and rural pupils. Out of 868 schools in Rivers State, 44 schools were randomly selected for the study.  The Head teachers of the selected schools were requested to supply relevant records of the pupils’ enrolment, dropout, return and completion rates using the admission and attendance registers as well as the result schedules.  The figures generated from the records were analyzed using simple percentages. Based on the analysis, the study established that completion rate during the feeding programme was higher than when there was no feeding among pupils in Rivers State. The study further established that there was no significant difference between the completion rates of the urban and rural pupils during or before the feeding programme and also established that more males completed primary education than females during the feeding programme in Rivers State. It therefore recommended that the government should re-introduce the feeding progamme and also carry out enlightenment campaign among the rural dwellers to enable them fully utilize the opportunity as well as seek for participation of philanthropists in funding the programme in all the nooks and crannies of the state so that all and sundry shall benefit.

scholarly journals Pemilahan Volatilitas Harga Daging Sapi Menggunakan Metode Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Fitria Hasanah ◽  
Hari Wijayanto ◽  
I Made Sumertajaya
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Import Quota ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Beef Prices

<strong>English</strong><br />Staple food prices include the major determinants of households food security and general inflation. Beef is a basic food which its price is controlled by the Government of Indonesia. This study aims to identify the determinants beef price volatility using the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method. The data was a weekly series of Januari 2006–Desember 2018 obtained from the Ministry of Trade. EEMD extracts data into a number of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) that are independent which are then used to forecast beef prices with the ARIMA model. EEMD produced 6 IMFs and one residual. The residual contributed 99.85% to beef price volatility. This means that the long-term trend of beef prices is determined by the residual trends. The EEMD results indicate that the high beef price volatility in certain periods is mainly due to high demand during the Ramadhan month and Idul Fitri, import quota policy, and changes in exchange rates and petroleum prices. The IMF and residual based ARIMA forecasting model obtained MAPE value of 0.42% but with contradicting directions. The Government may use the import quota as a policy instrument for stabilizing the beef price.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Harga pangan pokok termasuk faktor penentu utama ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan inflasi umum. Daging sapi adalah salah satu bahan pangan pokok yang harganya dikendalikan Pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor penentu volatilitas harga daging sapi dengan metode <em>Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition</em> (EEMD). EEMD menguraikan data menjadi sejumlah <em>Intrinsic Mode Function</em> (IMF) yang saling bebas yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk melakukan peramalan harga daging sapi dengan model ARIMA. Data yang digunakan adalah harga daging sapi mingguan Januari 2006–Desember 2018 yang diperoleh dari Kementerian Perdagangan. EEMD menghasilkan 6 IMF dan satu sisaan. Sisaan IMF memberikan kontribusi sebesar 99,85% terhadap pergerakan harga daging sapi. Artinya bahwa tren jangka panjang harga daging sapi ditentukan oleh tren sisaan. Berdasarkan hasil EEMD, volatilitas harga daging sapi yang tinggi pada periode-periode tertentu dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor terutama tingginya permintaan selama bulan Ramadhan dan Idul Fitri dan kebijakan kuota impor, serta perubahan nilai tukar rupiah dan harga BBM. Model peramalan ARIMA yang diduga berdasarkan IMF dan sisaan IMF menghasilkan nilai MAPE sebesar 0,42%, namun arah perubahannya tidak bersesuaian. Disarankan agar pemerintah menggunakan kuota impor sebagai salah satu instrumen kebijakan stabilisasi harga daging sapi.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF KNOWLEDGE AND AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL LEVEL OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA IN THE MIDDLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH EDUCATION IN KUPANG VOCATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hadi Trigutomo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs

Nowadays, the availability of national food cannot accommodate all the food needs of nation’s people, especially in each region. This current issue is caused by the absence of an effective arrangement, the absence of synchronization among state institutions, especially among the agricultural, trade and housing agencies, and the presence of an extreme climate change currently. In addition, the issues of the regeneration of farmers that have not shown any continuity that had been cut off among the younger generations led to the changes in the pattern of community life in the region. Therefore, based on the aforesaid issues, this paper aims at finding out on how the strategy and policy of food development in the local food availability in the midst of climate change today can be overcome by changing the mindset of consumptive to productive young generation through agricultural education, utilization of empty land which is available for planting food crops, empowerment of farmer groups, socialization of the local food potentials in East Nusa Tenggara. As a result, the food security can be realized and the region cannot be dependent its food needs on the other regions. Therefore, the writer attempts to formulate the strategy of food security developments from education aspects through the Dick & Carey development strategy. Food is an important and strategic commodity for the region because food is the basic human need that must be provided collectively by the government and society as mandated by the Acts No. 7 of 1996 on food. With respect to the Acts No. 7 of 1996 on food, it is stated that the Government organizes the regulation, guidance, control and supervision of the community, and organizes the process of production and supply, trade, distribution and in the same time, the Government also serves as a consumer that is entitled to adequate food, in terms of quantity and quality, safety, nutrition, variety, equity, and affordability by all society. The availability of national food can be fully fulfilled if it is commenced from the food sufficiency in the levels of family. In regard to the local area, it is marked by the existence of food consumption which can fulfill the sufficiency of every individual, in terms of balanced nutrition. In fact, it then has an impact on sufficiency of food and the nutrition status of Indonesian society can be fulfilled locally, especially in East Nusa Tenggara. The availability of food in terms of adequate quantities and types for the whole community locally in East Nusa Tenggara, smooth food distribution, cheap food prices and affordability by the all levels of society locally in East Nusa Tenggara, evenly distributed to all families in the region.

scholarly journals Perception of Pupils, on Home Grown School Feeding Programme in Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ogbonna Igboji ◽  
Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke ◽  
MaryJoy Umoke ◽  
Augustine Alugbala Nwazunku ◽  
Chioma Adaora Nwalieji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Class Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Significance

The purpose of the study was to determine the perception of pupils on the Home Grown School Feeding Programme in Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria. The research utilized a cross-sectional survey research design on a population of 66591 pupils in the selected public primary schools. A sample of 540 pupils was used for the study. The instrument for data collection is a 30-item &ldquo;Questionnaire on Perception of Pupils on Home Grown School Feeding Programme (QPPHGSFP).&rdquo; Four hundred and eighty-six (486) copies of each questionnaire were administered and 483 (99.4%) were retrieved. Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Chi-square statistic was used to test the null hypothesis at a p&lt;0.05 level of significance. Result showed that HGSFP makes the pupils to enroll, attend, remain in school. Pupils like the quality and the size of the food served, and it was locally produced. Age, sex, and class level was not significant (p&gt;0.05) while the location was significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusively pupils&rsquo; perception was good on HGSFP. We recommend that the government and other stakeholders in charge of the programme should remain committed to providing the needed resources for the smooth running of the programme to improve the educational infrastructure of rural communities.

scholarly journals Determinants of food price volatility in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Olaleke Fasanya ◽  
Feyikunayo Olawepo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Multivariate Garch ◽  
Conditional Volatility ◽  
Lending Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Data Frequency

Abstract In this paper we examined the determinants of food price volatility in Nigeria using monthly data from January, 1997 to April, 2017. We employed the multivariate GARCH approach to evaluate the level of interdependence and the dynamics of volatility across these markets. In particular, the Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner (BEKK) model and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) model were used for estimation. The findings showed that information shocks originating in Consumer Price Indices (CPI), lending rate, exchange rate and oil market have a direct effect on the current conditional volatility in food market while the information shocks originating in food have a direct effect on the current conditional volatility in all the markets considered except for oil. These results were insensitive to changes in data frequency and different oil price specification. Hence, the government should encourage the use of alternative sources of energy to reduce the effect of high oil prices on food prices and provide soft agricultural credit scheme to farmers with a low lending rate through specialized banks.

scholarly journals Smallholder farmer’s perceived effects of climate change on crop production and household livelihoods in rural Limpopo province, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomcebo R. Ubisi ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya ◽  
Unathi Kolanisi ◽  
Obert Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Household Livelihoods ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis study investigated the perceived effects of climate change on crop production and household livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Mopani and Vhembe district, South Africa. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 150 smallholder farmers. The questionnaires were complemented by 8 focus group discussions and secondary data. Multinomial logit regression model was used to analyse the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of climate change adaptation strategies. The study findings revealed that subsistence farmers perceived prolonged droughts (56.4%) as the main shock stressing crop production. Droughts often lead to low crop yield and high crop failure (73.3%). In response to the prevailing climatic conditions different gender adopted different strategies, 41% of female farmers adapted by changing planting dates, while male farmers employed crop variety and diversification (35%) and mixed cropping (15%). The smallholder farmers were vulnerable with limited adaptive capacity to withstand climate change due to compromised social, human, physical, natural and financial assets. The results showed that smallholder farmers tend to adapt better when they have access to extension officers (P<0.01). Therefore, it is important for the government to strengthen the relationship between smallholder farmers and extension officers for better climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals Better Safe than Sorry: Local Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Activities in North-East Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Alua ◽  
Kenneth Peprah ◽  
Godwin Thomas Wedam Achana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
North East ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Impacts

 Water is precious and vulnerable simultaneously in the face of climate change impacts. Farmers respond differently to climate change impacts depending on available resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of access to water on smallholder farmers’ coping strategies to climate change impacts in the semi-arid zone (Aw climate). Using a mixed method approach, 6 focus group discussions, 10 key informant interviews and 148 questionnaires were administered to farmers. Quantitative data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics whilst qualitative data were transcribed and discussed alongside. The study found that in coping with local climate change, farmers’ incomes are dependent on availability of water to supplement rainfall. Therefore, communities closer to the waters of the Tono irrigation dam have greater advantage over other communities that rely on waters from dugouts and wells. Also, income gained from farming is complemented with supplementary incomes from activities such as petty trading, carpentry and sale of farmers’ labour on other farms. Availability of water, particularly, during the dry season is a determinant factor of success in terms of good farm produce, income and better coping with local climate change impacts. To help these water-stressed farmers, the provision of sustainable sources of water is inevitable.  The government and smallholders need to work together to solve the problem.

scholarly journals Influence of smallholder farmers’ perceptions on adaptation strategies to climate change and policy implications in Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obert Jiri ◽  
Linda Mtali-Chafadza ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Agricultural Adaptation ◽  
The Government

AbstractSmallholder agricultural production is largely affected by climate change and variability. Despite the negative effects brought by climate variability, smallholder farmers are still able to derive livelihoods. An understanding of factors that influence farmers’ responses and adaptation to climate variability can improve decision making for governments and development partners. This study investigated farmers’ perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change and how these influence adaptation policies at local level. A survey was conducted with 100 households randomly selected from Chiredzi district. Data collected was used to derive farmer perceptions to climate change as well as the influence of their perceptions and subsequent adaptation methods to ensuing local agricultural adaptation measures and policies. The results indicated that smallholder farmers perceived general reduction in long-term annual rainfall and rising local average temperatures. Adverse trends in rainfall and average temperature perceived by farmers were consistent with empirical data. These perceptions and other socio-economic factors helped to shape smallholder farmer agricultural adaptation strategies. Policy implications are that the government and development partners should seek ways to assist autonomous adaptations by farmers through investments in planned adaptation initiatives.

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