scholarly journals SENSITIVE SKIN SYNDROME AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS - IS THERE A CONNECTION?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Filka Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Exogenous Substance

Background: Sensitive Skin Syndrome (SSS) is predominantly a self-defined condition without an objective pathological finding. The syndrome presents with sudden and easily provoked flushes accompanied by unpleasant sensations like itching, pain, numbness in response to stimuli that usually do not cause such sensations. Endocrine disruption (ED) is an exogenous substance or mixture that induce negative health problems through affecting function(s) of the endocrine system in an intact organism. The Aim of The Study: was to establish the role of ED as a causative agent in SSS. Objective and Methods: The presented study includes 304 female self-diagnosed with SSS. Demographic data were collected from registers of Medico-Aesthetic Center “Medea” Varna from April 2017 till April 2019. The model of the study investigates the causes of SSS. Results: Results show the overall frequency of SSS was 31, 97%. As 174 (57, 23%) diagnosed in aesthetic visitors and 130 (42, 77%) in those with some health problem. The distribution according to the trigger factor show the prevalence of cosmetic products -56, 90%, detergents 21.05% and cosmetic procedures- 40, 88%. Conclusion: SSS is a serious health problem. The data from our study show that trigger factors, which are closely connected with EDC have a significant impact on this syndrome. In addition, adding topical treatment worsen rather than improve SSS. The literature sources reveal that this is first study of the role of ED as a causative agent in SSS in our country. 

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Hashim A. Mahdi ◽  
Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽  
Mohammad Alfelali ◽  
Omar B. Ahmed ◽  
Radi Alsafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Graduate Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of FRMD5 in the Biology of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6726
Author(s):  
Agata M. Gaweł ◽  
Maciej Ratajczak ◽  
Ewa Gajda ◽  
Małgorzata Grzanka ◽  
Agnieszka Paziewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Spheroid Formation

Background: Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine system malignancy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for >80% of all TC cases. Nevertheless, PTC pathogenesis is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of the FRMD5 protein in the regulation of biological pathways associated with the development of PTC. We imply that the presence of certain genetic aberrations (e.g., BRAF V600E mutation) is associated with the activity of FRMD5. Methods: The studies were conducted on TPC1 and BCPAP (BRAF V600E) model PTC-derived cells. Transfection with siRNA was used to deplete the expression of FRMD5. The mRNA expression and protein yield were evaluated using RT-qPCR and Western blot techniques. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, adhesion, spheroid formation, and survival tests were performed. RNA sequencing and phospho-kinase proteome profiling were used to assess signaling pathways associated with the FRMD5 expressional status. Results: The obtained data indicate that the expression of FRMD5 is significantly enhanced in BRAF V600E tumor specimens and cells. It was observed that a drop in intracellular yield of FRMD5 results in significant alternations in the migration, invasiveness, adhesion, and spheroid formation potential of PTC-derived cells. Importantly, significant divergences in the effect of FRMD5 depletion in both BRAF-wt and BRAF-mutated PTC cells were observed. It was also found that knockdown of FRMD5 significantly alters the expression of multidrug resistant genes. Conclusions: This is the first report highlighting the importance of the FRMD5 protein in the biology of PTCs. The results suggest that the FRMD5 protein can play an important role in controlling the metastatic potential and multidrug resistance of thyroid tumor cells.

Role of Macrophages in the Endocrine System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Pál Pacher ◽  
György Haskó
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System

Impact of some environmental chemical carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and possible mechanisms of its realization (literary review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
I.O. Chernychenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Balenko ◽  
O.M. Lytvychenko ◽  
V.F. Babii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Objective: We determined the possible effects of priority chemical environmental carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the mechanisms of their effect on the basis of the analysis of literature data and our own research. Results: The performed analysis demonstrates the scanity of the research devoted to the study of chemical carcinogens which are concerned only with the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BP), atmospheric pollution, emissions from vehicles, the cadmium heavy metal and products of smoking containing these substances. The connection with PAH (BP) and the development of breast, ovarian cancer, cadmium with the development of breast, endometrial, ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men was established. Epidemiological data, combined with experimental ones, suggest a possible contribution of carcinogens into the increase of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors. At the same time, mechanisms of action of PAH and cadmium on the development of hormone-dependent tumors are unclear. The accumulated experimental and epidemiological data allow us to conclude that the oncological danger of these carcinogens lies in the combination of genotoxic and hormone-mimetic properties; the main mechanisms, involved in the realization of the effect of BP and cadmium, are associated with changes and disorders at different levels of the structural and functional organization of the organism, including the endocrine system, which can lead to the development of tumors. The urgency of the problem of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the potential role of the studied chemical carcinogens as pollutants of the environment of human functions indicate the need to take these circumstances into account when developing and implementing preventive measures.

Hypothyrosis syndrome: role of triodthyronine in diagnostics and combination therapy (review of literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
I. A. Tsanava ◽  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
A. V. Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Euthyroid Status ◽  
System Assessment

Hypothyroidism syndrome is one of the most common pathologies of the endocrine system. Assessment of euthyroid status can not always be carried out according to the TSH indicator. In a number of patients with normal TSH levels and a clinical picture of hypothyroidism, the serum T3 concentration is determined at the lower limit of the norm or below it with a high content of free T4 in the blood. In world practice, positive experience has been accumulated in the combined use of preparations of sodium levothyroxine and liothyronine, a synthetic form of exogenous triiodothyronine. A number of studies have noted the advantages of using combination therapy for hypothyroidism over levothyroxine monotherapy in certain groups of patients. Possible reasons for the ineffectiveness of standard treatment for hypothyroidism are described.

The Role of Biotransformation in the Activity of Endocrine Disruptors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Ince Erguc ◽  
Alev Tascioglu-Aliyev ◽  
Bita Entezari ◽  
Hande Gurer-Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Parent Compound ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Natural Hormones

: An “endocrine disruptor” has been broadly defined as an exogenous chemical that interferes with the production, release, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination of endogenous hormones which are responsible for homeostasis, reproduction, development or behaviour. Diverse groups of chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, phytoestrogens, natural hormones, and synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, plasticizers, phthalates, parabens, polychlorinated/polybrominated biphenyls, bisphenols are shown to interfere with the endocrine system and defined as EDs in the last three decades. As for all chemicals, the biotransformation of EDs has a decisive role in their potential toxic effects. Humans are exposed to vast amounts of diverse chemicals throughout their life. Fortunately, most of the chemicals are converted, via biotransformation reactions catalysed by enzymes, into more hydrophilic metabolites, which are readily excreted in urine or bile. Biotransformation reactions resulting in less toxic metabolites are known as detoxification. However, some biotransformation reactions are called bioactivation in which more toxic metabolites are formed. In the case of EDs, metabolites formed via bioactivation usually have a higher affinity for a hormone receptor or induce/inhibit an enzyme involved in the synthesis or catabolism of an endogenous hormone more dramatically compared to their parent compound. In the present review, the role of bioactivation in endocrine modulating effects of chemicals from all groups of Eds is highlighted, namely endogenous estrogens, phytoestrogens, synthetic/industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.

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