scholarly journals PENIPISAN PIPA KETEL AKIBAT ELEMEN KOROSIF AIR

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Setia Nusa ◽  
Hernadi .
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Normal Standard

Inspection and testing is done to determine the metallurgical phenomena that occur on the boiler pipes that have been operating several years continuously at a temperature of 560 ° C. The study is also intended to determine the operational feasibility of the pipeline and to avoid undetected damage.Investigation of these pipes is also carried out in the laboratory with micro-structure analysis method, inspection crust, tensile test, bending test, hardness and thickness test.From the analysis of the microstructure, boiler pipes are in condition ferrite pearlite spheroidization with a crust that is thick and contains graphite. In addition, The pipes are attacked by uniform and pitting corrosion. The results of tensile and bending tests are still normal (standard). The hardness test results show significant values compared to the standard, as well as the thickness of the pipe thinning as a result of the corrosion process.AbstrakInspeksi dan pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui fenomena metalurgis yang terjadi terhadap pipa ketel uap yang sudah beroperasi beberapa tahun secara terus menerus pada suhu 560°C. Penelitian juga dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan operasional pipa tersebut dan untuk menghindari terjadinya kerusakan yang tidak terdeteksiInvestigasi pipa-pipa tersebut juga dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode analisa struktur mikro, pemeriksaan kerak, uji tarik, uji bending, uji kekerasan dan ketebalan.Dari analisa struktur mikro, pipa ketel berada pada kondisi ferrit spheroidisasi perlit dengan lapisan kerak yang cukup tebal serta mengandung grafit. Selain itu juga terjadi serangan korosi merata dan korosi sumuran. Hasil uji tarik dan hasil uji bengkok masih normal (memenuhi standar). Hasil uji kekerasan terjadi penurunan nilai yang signifikan dibanding standar, demikian juga pada ketebalan pipa terjadi penipisan akibat dari adanya proses korosi.Keywords: Boiler pipe, spheroidization, corrosion, thinning.

scholarly journals Penipisan Pipa Ketel Akibat Elemen Korosif Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
M. N. Setia Nusa ◽  
Hernadi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Normal Standard ◽  
Damage Investigation

Abstract Inspection and testing is done to determine the metallurgical phenomena that occur on the boiler pipes that have been operating several years continuously at a temperature of 560 ° C. The study is also intended to determine the operational feasibility of the pipeline and to avoid undetected damage. Investigation of these pipes is also carried out in the laboratory with micro-structure analysis method, inspection crust, tensile test, bending test, hardness and thickness test. From the analysis of the microstructure, boiler pipes are in condition ferrite pearlite spheroidization with a crust that is thick and contains graphite. In addition, The pipes are attacked by uniform and pitting corrosion. The results of tensile and bending tests are still normal (standard). The hardness test results show significant values compared to the standard, as well as the thickness of the pipe thinning as a result of the corrosion process. Inspeksi dan pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui fenomena metalurgis yang terjadi terhadap pipa ketel uap yang sudah beroperasi beberapa tahun secara terus menerus pada suhu 560°C. Penelitian juga dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan operasional pipa tersebut dan untuk menghindari terjadinya kerusakan yang tidak terdeteksi. Investigasi pipa-pipa tersebut juga dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode analisa struktur mikro, pemeriksaan kerak, uji tarik, uji bending, uji kekerasan dan ketebalan. Dari analisa struktur mikro, pipa ketel berada pada kondisi ferrit spheroidisasi perlit dengan lapisan kerak yang cukup tebal serta mengandung grafit. Selain itu juga terjadi serangan korosi merata dan korosi sumuran. Hasil uji tarik dan hasil uji bengkok masih normal (memenuhi standar). Hasil uji kekerasan terjadi penurunan nilai yang signifikan dibanding standar, demikian juga pada ketebalan pipa terjadi penipisan akibat dari adanya proses korosi. Keywords: Boiler pipe, spheroidization, corrosion, thinning. 

Aspects of Testing and Material Properties of Fiber Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldrich Sucharda ◽  
Vlastimil Bilek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Fibre Concrete ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mixer

Concrete is typical composite material and its properties can be very variable. Material properties are also influenced with the technology of processing, manufacturing and treatment after concreting. Reinforcement in form of fibers is often added for improving tensile strength. This paper deals with specific testing of fibre concrete. Test results of series of specimens are presented for selected transport concrete composition, which is reinforced with amount of fibers 25, 50, 75 kg / m3. Fibers were added directly into the into the concrete mixer in the factory. Each series includes more than 25 test samples. The tests include the compressive strength of a cube and cylindrical, testing of modulus of elasticity, and the split tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the filling. Within the research project also a few types of bending tests were performed. Four variants of bending test that vary in span of 500 or 600 mm, samples with and without a notch, and in a three- / four-point configuration. As a summary, broader evaluation and functional dependencies are derived.

scholarly journals A Hot Cracking on Dissimilar Metal Weld between A106Gr.B and A312 TP316L with Buttering ERNiCr-3

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Dissimilar Weld ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Dissimilar Metal Weld ◽  
Metal Weld

When designing piping systems for various industrial facilities, carbon steel and stainless steel are widely being used. In order to satisfy design requirements in the piping systems, the two different materials are often welded in various cases. Therefore, for quality assurance, it is necessary to understand mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar metal welds thoroughly. In this study, dissimilar metal welds of stainless and carbon steels were produced through the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. In the middle of the dissimilar weld, buttering welding and butt welding were manufactured using filler wires of ERNiCr-3 and ER316L. The chemical composition of the dissimilar metal weld was analyzed. Tensile test, bending test, and hardness test were additionally performed. The microstructures of the dissimilar metal weld were investigated to analyze the cracks found during the tensile test and the bending test. The metallographic behavior was analyzed in the vicinity of the cracks. The mechanism and cause of the cracks in the dissimilar metal weld were identified. As a result, the precipitates of complex carbide types were observed in segregation bands.

scholarly journals Laser-Beam Welding Impact on the Deformation Properties of Stainless Steels When Used for Automotive Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Evin ◽  
Miroslav Tomáš ◽  
Marek Výrostek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Deformation Work ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Low Alloyed Steel ◽  
Aisi 430

Abstract Materials other than standard and advanced high strength steels are remarkable for the thin-walled structures of the car-body in recent years in order to safety enhancement, weight and emission reduction, corrosion resistance improvement. Thus, there are presented in the paper the deformation properties of laser welded austenitic AISI 304 and ferritic AISI 430 stainless steels compared to these one measured for the high strength low alloyed steel H220PD. The properties were researched by tensile test and 3-point bending test with fixed ends on specimens made of basic material and laser welded one. The specimens were welded by solid state fiber laser YLS-5000 in longitudinal direction (the load direction). The deformation properties such as strength, stiffness and deformation work were evaluated and compared. The strength and stiffness were calculated from tensile test results and the deformation work was calculated from both, tensile test and 3-point bending test results. There has been found only minor effect of laser welding to the deformation properties for high strength low alloyed steel H220PD and austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. Otherwise, the laser welding strongly influenced the deformation work of the ferritic stainless steel AISI 430 as well as the elongation at tensile test.

scholarly journals Cyclic fatigue behaviour of hydrothermally aged 3Y-TZP ceramics in 4-point bending tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Renato Souza ◽  
Roberto Duarte ◽  
Manuel Alves ◽  
Juliana Daguano ◽  
Santos dos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transformation Toughening ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
M Phase

Fatigue is one of the most important properties to be considered in ceramic dental implants due to cyclic mechanical stresses arising from the chewing process. In this work, the fatigue behaviour of hydrothermally degraded ZrO2-based ceramics stabilized with 3mol% Y2O3 (3Y-TZP) was studied in 4-point bending tests. Samples of 3Y-TZP were compacted (100MPa), sintered at 1475 ?C for 2 h, polished and hydrothermally degraded in an autoclave as described in the ISO-13356 standard. The samples were characterized by their relative density, crystalline phase composition, microstructure and surface roughness. The highly dense (>99.6%TD) sintered 3Y-TZP ceramics has only tetragonal t-ZrO2 phase, even after hydrothermal ageing. Furthermore, the ceramic materials presented a Vickers hardness of 12.7?0.2GPa, a fracture toughness of 7.1?0.3MPa?m1/2 and a 4-point bending strength of 940.1?67MPa. Based on the bending test results 5 different stress levels for the fatigue tests were selected and conducted by cyclic 4-point bending obtaining the S-N curve. Weibull statistics was used for the statistical analysis. The fatigue tests indicate that the limit of fatigue resistance of this 3Y-TZP ceramics is around 550MPa, i.e. higher than the limits established in the ISO-13356 standard for the use of Y-TZP ceramics for the manufacture of implants. The fatigue behaviour of the investigated 3Y-TZP ceramics was related to the toughening mechanisms acting in Y-TZP ceramics, such as transformation toughening related to t?m phase transformation and microcracking.

Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Backhoe’s Bucket Repairment with Cladding Methode

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz ◽  
Risky Suparyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Carbon

Buckets are the most important component in backhoe construction, the bucket functions as a digger and carrier component in an excavator. Due to the heavy working media of the excavator so that this component is the most easily damaged part, damage that often occurs is wear caused by friction arising so that the thickness of the bucket is reduced which can eventually cause cracks in the bucket and in continuous use can cause the bucket to crack and broken. Cladding method is done to shorten the time or simplify the repair process is to directly patch the damaged part with a welding layer and then do the grading using a grinding. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the material from the cladding process when compared with the raw material, the variations used are raw material, cladding with filler welding, and cladding with plates. The welding process is carried out with GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) and low carbon steel. Welding results will be tested tensile strength, bending strength , impact test, hardness test, chemical composition, and corrosion rate. From the hardness test results showed that the weld metal from plate variation has the highest hardness value of 443 VHN. From the results of tensile testing the basic material has the highest value with 359.08 MPa. From the bending test results the highest value obtained from filler verification with 494.01 Mpa and the highest impact price obtained from the plate variation cladding method with a value of 1.49 J / mm2

scholarly journals Interlayer Effect on Connection of Mild Steel ST37 and Stainless Steel 201 on Rotary Friction Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Yohanes Yohanes ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Heriansyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding

Friction welding is a type of solid state welding where the welding process is carried out in a solid phase to combine various types of ferrous and non-ferrous metals that cannot be welded by the fusion welding method but for welding different metals the welding results are less than optimal due to cracks on the surface of the welding results and differences in mechanical properties that cause the welding result to be brittle, therefore an interlayer is used. In this study, observations were made on the process and results of the joint friction welding using dissimilar metal material between mild steel ST37 and stainless steel 201 with copper interlayer. The results of the test will be a tensile test to see the maximum tensile strength and a hardness test to see the hardness value of the interlayer variation of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm and without an interlayer. The conclusions obtained are: (1) The effect of the addition of an interlayer on the rotary friction welding process includes the friction phase, the forging phase and the results of welding parameters in the form of motor power, motor angular speed, the change in specimen length is greater without using an interlayer compared to using an interlayer while the duration of welding time is greater using an interlayer than without using an interlayer. (2) The maximum tensile test results were obtained at the 1 mm interlayer at 482.43 MPa and the maximum hardness test results obtained at the 1 mm interlayer were 321.34 VHN.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Arus dan Sudut Kampuh dengan Metode Pengelasan GTAW terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Baja ST 41

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Ridhwan Haliq ◽  
Himawan Tri Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Elimination Method ◽  
Steel Material

The objective of research is to determine the effect of welding current on the hardness, tensile strength, and microstructure from GTAW welding with ER70S2. This research used ST 41 low alloy steel material containing C = 0,16 %, Si = 0,23 %, Mn = 0,69 %, S = 0,031 %, P=0,019 %, yield point 40 kg/mm2, tensile strength 52 kg/mm2, dan elongation 32 %. ST 41 steel welding is carried out with current variations of 90 A, 110 A and 130 A with GTAW welding methode. Types of variation of the notch use are ][, V and X. The specimens was subjected to hardness, tensile strength, and metallography. Based on the result of hardness test with the factor elimination method in obtaining the angle ][ notch with current 90 A, V notch with current 90 A, and X notch with current 110 A. Tensile test results of the three materials, the highest tensile strength at the X notch with current 110 A is 416,8 N/mm2. The lowest tensile strength is obtained at welds with ][ notch is 360.73 N/mm2. From result of metallograph that we get if X notch with current 110 A is more stable, than ][ notch with current 90 A and V notch with current 90 A.

Cement Composite Reinforced with Synthetic Fibers: Comparison of Three-Point and Four-Point Bending Test Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Topič ◽  
Jan Bartoš ◽  
Lubomír Kopecký ◽  
Karel Šeps ◽  
Zdeněk Prošek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Pet Fibers ◽  
Four Point Bending Test

Presented article deals with the influence of PET fiber production on the bending strength of cement-based composite when incorporated into the fresh mortar, and comparison of results of 3-point and 4-point bending test. Cement paste samples were reinforced with 2 wt. % of primary or recycled PET fibers. The bending test was performed on prismatic samples with dimension of 40 × 40 × 160 mm. It was found that samples with recycled PET fibers, compared to primary ones, exhibit a decrease in bending strength. In the case of 4-point bending tests, the samples with recycled PET fibers exhibited higher bending strength than reference samples without any fibers. However, in the case of 3-point bending tests, the samples with recycled PET fibers had lower bending strength than the reference ones. The results suggest that recycled PET fibers could be used as an alternative to reinforce cement-based composites.

Local Buckling Behavior of 48″, X80 High-Strain Line Pipes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhisa Suzuki ◽  
Hisakazu Tajika ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Mitsuru Okatsu ◽  
Joe Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strain ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Post Buckling

Two bending tests of X80-grade, 48″ high-strain line pipes pressurized to 60% SMYS were conducted to investigate local buckling behavior. The thickness and D/t ratio of the line pipes were 22.0 mm and 55.4, respectively. The mean Y/T ratio of the high-strain pipes was 0.82. A full-scale bending test apparatus was constructed to conduct the bending tests. The bending test results clarified that the pipes have the 2D average critical compressive strain of 1.51 and 1.67%, which satisfy the strain demand of 1.35%. Validation of FEA is conducted taking into account geometric properties of the pipes in terms of outside diameter and thickness and longitudinal flatness. The FEA results coincide with the test results with respect to peak load, critical displacement, critical rotation and critical compressive strain. The FEA results about the load and displacement relationship also show good agreement with the test results during post-buckling deformation. One developed wrinkle and some small wrinkles were observed on the pipe surface during post-buckling deformation, whose cross sections were fairly captured considering the geometric properties.

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