scholarly journals Difficultés des apprenants iraniens du FLE dans la gestion des finales verbales en /E/

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Katayoon Katoozian
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
First Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Learning

Étant donné la difficulté de l’homophonie des formes verbales en /E/ qui peuvent s’écrire par au moins dix formes différentes dont l’infinitif (-ER), le participe passé (-É) et l’imparfait (-AI), le choix entre ces formes reste une question délicate dans l’orthographe grammaticale du français. Cette recherche vise à étudier les problèmes des apprenants iraniens du FLE (Français Langue Étrangère) dans la gestion de ce secteur. Basée sur les recherches antérieures menées auprès d’élèves français et québécois, la présente étude cherche précisément à répondre aux questions suivantes : 1- Comment se fait l’évolution de la compétence de gestion des finales verbales en /E/? 2- Parmi les formes en -ER, -É, et -AI laquelle est mieux réussie ? 3- a) Dans les formes en -É, est-ce que les apprenants font l’accord avec le genre et le nombre sujet ? b) Est-ce qu’ils ont des problèmes d’accord en personne dans les formes en -AI ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, nous avons fait passer un test aux 113 apprenants iraniens du français des niveaux A1, A2 et B1 acquis inscrits à quelques instituts de langue de Téhéran. Les résultats de notre étude à l’aide de l’analyse statistique de variance (ANOVA) montrent que : 1- La gestion des finales verbales en /E/ n’est pas maitrisée à travers ces niveaux. Il n’existe pas de différence significative entre les notes globales de ces trois niveaux successifs. 2- La forme en -ER est mieux maitrisée suivie de la forme en -É et celle en -AI ce qui montre la tendance des apprenants pour l’invariabilité. En plus de ces trois formes, nous avons trouvé d’autres types d’erreurs (ex. erreurs phonétiques et erreurs de segmentation) fréquents dans notre corpus qui n’ont pas été rapportés par les recherches antérieures en FLM (Français Langue Maternelle). 3- a) En ce qui concerne les formes en -É, il n’existe pas d’accord avec le sujet et la tendance réside dans l’invariabilité. b) Quant aux formes en -AI, le problème d’accord en personne ne se pose pas. Ces résultats diffèrent de ceux obtenus dans le contexte d’autres recherches en FLM. Comme perspective didactique, nous avons proposé la redéfinition de la place de l’orthographe dans les méthodes actuelles du français tout en soulignant l’efficacité de la démarche réflexive dans l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’orthographe. Abstract Given the difficulty of homophony in verbal endings in /E/ which can be written by at least ten different forms including the infinitive (-ER), the past participle (-É) and the imperfect (-AI), the choice between these forms remains a delicate question in learning French grammatical orthography. The purpose of this research is to study the problems of Iranian learners of French dealing with this issue. Based on previous investigations focusing on French and Quebecois students, the present study aims specifically to answer the following questions: 1- How does the ability to deal verbal endings in /E/ evolve? 2- Among the -ER, -É and -AI forms which is the most successful? 3- a) Among the -É forms, do the learners make agreement between the gender and the number of the subject? b) Do they have any problems with agreement in person among the -AI forms? In order to answer these questions, we have distributed a test to 113 Iranian learners of A1, A2 and B1 levels in French registered in some language institutes in Tehran. Our results based on statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that: 1- The management of verbal endings in /E/ is not mastered at these levels. There is not a significant difference between global scores of these three successive levels. 2- The -ER form is the most successful before the -É and -AI forms respectively, which shows the tendency of learners for invariance. In addition to these three forms, other types of errors (e.g. orthographical errors phonetically-based and errors of segmentation) were frequent in our data yet not reported by previous investigations in French as a First Language (FFL). 3- a) Concerning -É forms, the agreement does not exist and the tendency lies in invariance. b) As for -AI forms, the issue with agreement does not arise. These findings differ from those obtained by other studies in FFL. As a didactic solution, it is suggested to redefine the place of orthography in the actual methods of French language teaching and to emphasize the effectiveness of reflexive way in teaching-learning of French orthography.

scholarly journals Fuel and lubricant consumption in felling the young oak-hornbeam stands

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Vojislav Bajic ◽  
Milorad Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Average Consumption

Based on the elements of statistical analysis on the dependence of fuel and lubricant consumption on tree diameter, it was assessed that with the increase of tree diameter, the fuel and lubricant consumption in the young oak and hornbeam stands decreases significantly, both in clear felling and in thinning and that the function form Y=exp(a+b x X?1) is the best description of the correlation The consumption of fuel compared to lubricant consumption is almost double, which agrees with the results of the previous studies. Average consumption of fuel and lubricant is 17.43 mL x tree?1, on the plots 20.27 mL x tree?1, average consumption of lubricant per tree on skid roads is 9.4 mL x tree?1, on the plots 11 mL x tree?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant on the plots with selective thinning is the consequence of the longer time needed for the conversion per tree, compared to that in clear felling The consumption of fuel per unit area on the skid roads (clear felling) is 22.9 L x ha?1, on the plots (selective thinning) 7.6 L x ha?1. The consumption of lubricant on the skid roads is 13.3 L x ha?1, on the plots 4.29 L x ha?1. The higher consumption of fuel and lubricant per unit area on the skid roads is due to the difference in the number of trees per unit area Based on the results of the analysis of variance, it was found out that between fuel and lubricant consumption in selective thinning and in felling the trees along tractor skid roads there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance of 95%. So, for practical purposes, the unique norms of consumption can be established for the stands similar to those in which the study was performed.

scholarly journals Examination of Burnout Levels of Athletes Studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Erol Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sports Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate burnout levels of athletes studying at the faculty of sports sciences. 250 students (female; 102, male; 148) who study in Ondokuz Mayıs University, at the Faculty of Sport Sciences and actively participate in sports life were included in the study. The 5-point Likert-type sports burnout scale developed by Raedeke and Smith (2001) and adapted to Turkish by Kelecek et al.(2016) was used to determine the burnout levels of the subjects. SPSS 22.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the study. When the results of the study were examined, in gender, team and individual athletes status and in emotional / physical, declining sense of success in section variables, in none of the sensitization sub-dimensions no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05). As a result, it is thought that the absence of significant difference in the levels of athletic burnout in the findings of the current research may be due to the subject groups’ actively continuing sports, studying at the same faculty and and therefore having the same intensity courses. However, in future researches, when examined with variables such as individually separation of branches, training densities, league levels they play and classes, it is thought that it may make a difference.

Comparison of Hiking Stick Use on Lateral Stability While Balancing with and without a Load

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert H. Jacobson ◽  
Bryan Caldwell ◽  
Frank A. Kulling
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject

To compare hiking stick use on lateral stability while balancing with or without a load (15-kg internal frame backpack) under conditions of no stick, 1 stick, and 2 sticks for six trials 15 volunteers ages 19 to 23 years ( M = 21.7 yr.) were tested six separate times on a stability platform. During randomly ordered, 1-min. trials, the length of time (sec.) the subject maintained balance (±10° of horizontal) and the number of deviations beyond 10° were recorded simultaneously. Backpack and hiking sticks were individually adjusted for each subject. A 2 × 3 repeated factor analysis of variance indicated that subjects balanced significantly longer both with and without a load while using 2 hiking sticks than 1 or 0 sticks. Significantly fewer deviations beyond 10° were found when subjects were without a load and using 1 or 2 sticks versus when they used none, and no significant difference in the number of deviations were found between 1 and 2 hiking sticks. When subjects were equipped with a load significantly improved balance was found only between the 2 sucks and no sticks. Balance was significantly enhanced by using hiking sticks, and two sticks were more effective than one while carrying a load. An increase in maintenance of static balance may reduce the possibility of falling and injury while standing on loose alpine terrain.

The Change in Surgical Case Diversity over the past 15 Years and the Influence on the Pursuit of Surgical Fellowship

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher DuCoin ◽  
Alexandra Hahn ◽  
Maria Baimas-George ◽  
Douglas P. Slakey ◽  
James R. Korndorffer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
National Data ◽  
Surgical Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Case Logs

The surgical community has expressed concern that residents do not receive the same caliber training as their predecessors and the increase in fellowships have been described as secondary to perceived lack of preparation. Yet, data show no change in total cases even after implementation of the 80-hour workweek. It is hypothesized that the increasing subspecialization of general surgery may decrease in certain resident case numbers. Data were collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) General Surgery Case Logs National Data Report (1999–2014) of mean number of procedures per resident for 19 surgical categories. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance over three time periods between 1999 and 2014. The number of total cases performed by residents has not changed significantly. There was a statistically significant difference observed in the variety of cases: vascular, esophageal, breast, and trauma cases decreased (P < 0.01), whereas major intestinal, hernia, liver, pancreatic, and biliary cases increased (P < 0.01). There are many reasons to pursue additional training after residency. The demonstrated change in case variability, presumably secondary to increasing fellowships, may play a significant role on training and preparation. Close monitoring of curriculums is essential to ensure a comprehensive general surgical education.

scholarly journals Paris, « un lieu centre de tous les centres ». Est-ce toujours d’actualité ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Le Baillif
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Media ◽  
French Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greenwich Meridian ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
World Centre ◽  
The City

Paris, “The Centre of All Centres”. Is It Still the Case? In La République Mondiale des Lettres published in 1999 and 2008, Ms. Casanova wrote: “Paris is the Greenwich meridian for literature” for the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers and artists have come to the city in the past because it was extremely attractive for creative and economic reasons. But at the beginning of the 21st century, with the rise of the New Media for writing, publishing and diffusing, is it correct to say that Paris is still supreme? Is location more important than the time devoted to writing and reading? The claims on which Ms. Casanova builds her assertions are not supported by the facts of recent history and geography. She refers to “La belle santé économique et la liberté” in Paris but she forgot to mention why artists came from central Europe. It was just because the life was cheaper in Paris than in Berlin, as Walter Benjamin observed in 1926. She notes that Paris was the world centre for high fashion and that writers came together there to be inspired by the place and each other. But these things are no longer true: Paris is one of the most unaffordable cities in the world. Fashion in clothes is determined in many centres, with fashion weeks held in New York, Milan and China; aesthetics no longer depend on a single country. Literary creativity has spread across many continents and the internet and social media provide access to millions of people around the globe. Globalisation has unified the world, note Jean-Philippe Toussaint and Sylvain Tesson, and brought the standardization of cultures. There is also the matter of the dominant language today. The French language has not changed since Ms. Casanova was doing her research, but French writers now dream of being translated into English to reach the largest audience around the world. Publishers also favour English to make the most profit because literature and art are now worldwide commodities. Writers and researchers use the Internet, which connects them with documents, libraries and people all over the world. Newspapers such as Le Monde and Le Figaro in France provide literary reviews from around the world; for example, Histoire de la Traduction Littéraire en Europe Médiane, compiled by Antoine Chalvin, Marie Vrinat-Nikolov, Jean-Léon Muller and Katre Talviste, was written up in Cahiers Littéraires du Monde. What about the readership? If publishing and merchandizing are accelerating and globalizing because of how the Internet changes time and distance, the writer still has to follow the rhythm of the subject.

scholarly journals Researching the local community's satisfaction with the manifestation, International Carnival of Vrnjci

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Nataša Đorđević ◽  
Milena Podovac ◽  
Snežana Milićević
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The International Carnival of Vrnjci is a manifestation that has been organized for 15 years in Vrnjačka Banja. As a manifestation that gathers a large number of tourists and visitors, besides its positive impacts, attention should be paid to the level of satisfaction of the local population in Vrnjačka Banja with this manifestation, which is the aim of this paper. In addition, the paper examines the existence of a statistically significant difference in the level of local population's satisfaction with this manifestation depending on their different socio-demographic characteristics. A survey method was applied to a sample of 300 respondents. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to process the collected responses. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the level of satisfaction with the Carnival of Vrnjci between respondents of different gender, as well as that the level of satisfaction of the respondents influenced by professional status, length of residence in Vrnjacka Banja and the connection between the respondent's job and tourism.

scholarly journals The Effect of Media of Chemondro and Hybrid of Video Conference on Teaching Learning towards Students’ Self-efficacy and Students’ Achievement on the Subject of Solubility and Solubility Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nira Listyawati ◽  
Jaslin Ikhsan ◽  
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto ◽  
Antuni Wiyarsi
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hybrid Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Video Conference ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Learning

This research was conducted to analyze the effect of using the media of chemondro and hybrid video conferences in the teaching-learning toward students’ self-efficacy and students’ achievement on the subject of solubility and solubility product. The instruments of this research are the questionnaire and solubility and solubility product test. Thus, the research was set as quasi-experiment research using post-test only and non-equivalent control group design. By purposive sampling technique, the samples from 6 classes composed of 2 public senior high schools were selected. The classes were divided into 2 of hybrid learning with video conference and chemondro game (A), 2 classes of hybrid learning with video conference (B), and 2 classes of chemondro game (C). The corresponding data were collected on the basis of a self-efficacy learning questionnaire and a multiple-choice posttest of students' achievement in the subject of solubility and solubility product. The data were then tested by Manova. The results show that there was a significant difference in students’ self-efficacy and students’ chemistry cognitive achievement among the three classes, A, B, and C.

Evolution of the prevalence of pre-residency peer-reviewed publications among incoming junior residents

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-139223
Author(s):  
Shearwood McClelland III ◽  
Blair Murphy ◽  
Jerry J Jaboin ◽  
Richard C Zellars
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
Junior Residents

Pre-residency peer-reviewed publications (PRP) have been associated with subsequent resident choice of academic versus private practice career. The evolution of PRP prevalence among radiation oncology resident classes has yet to be examined. A list of radiation oncology residents from the graduating classes of 2016 and 2022 were obtained, and PRP was compiled as the number of publications a resident had listed in PubMed as of the end of the calendar year of residency application. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher’s exact test. Analysis of 163 residents from the 2016 class compared with 195 from the 2022 class revealed that the proportion of residents with zero PRP decreased from 46.6% to 23.6% between the 2016 to 2022 classes (p<0.0001), while that of residents with one PRP increased from 17.8% to 19.0% (p>0.05) and with at least two PRP increased from 35.6% to 57.4% (p<0.0001). Residents with a PhD were more likely to have at least two PRP in each class (p<0.0001). As with the class of 2016, there remained no significant difference in PRP by gender for the class of 2022. Over the past six years, PRP has become more prevalent among incoming radiation oncology residents. Residents in the class of 2016 were 180% less likely than the class of 2022 to have at least one PRP, and 60% less likely to have at least two PRP. These findings are indicative of the increasing pressure on medical students to enter residency with a publication background.

Observation Distance and Recognition of Photographs of Celebrities' Faces

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Greene ◽  
Scott C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Television Show ◽  
Observation Distance ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Portrait Photographs ◽  
Data Summaries

Subjects were tested to assess the distance at which they could recognize the faces of celebrities (more specifically, a set of 44 portrait photographs of movie and television actors). The set of test photographs was shown initially at a distance of 200 ft. and then closer in increments of 20 ft. When the actor in a given photograph was identified, either by name, character role, or by the movie or television show in which the actor had starred, the recognition-distance was recorded and the photograph was removed from the test set. Those which were not recognized (even at the closest distance) were not included in the data summaries or statistical analysis. In calculating recognition-distance for each photograph, the values were adjusted to reflect the distance at which recognition would have occurred if all the faces were of normal size. The upper limit for recognition, as defined by the distance above which only 10% of the faces are identified, was just over 160 ft. for women, and just under 200 ft. for men. There was also a significant difference in mean recognition distance between women and men. The large range of recognition-distance (across photographs and across subjects) argues that the distance is not controlled primarily by the feature detail provided in a given photograph or by the discrimination and recall skills of the observer. More likely it is a function of diverse memory associations, so that the distance at which each photograph is recognized will depend on such factors as frequency and recency of exposure, perceived attractiveness, and how much the subject admires the celebrity.

-Ed Adjectives like ‘verandahed’ and ‘blue-eyed’

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Hirtle
Keyword(s):  
Past Participle ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject

The problem that provides the subject of the present study has, curiously enough, received little more than a passing glance from most grammarians. Many of them mention that adjectives can be formed from substantives by means of a dental suffix, but none seem to be intrigued by the four aspects of the problem to be examined here. The fact that these aspects of the problem have received little or no attention up to now would in itself justify this study. There is, however, a further and even weightier justification. The problem brings into focus four parts of speech-verb (through the past participle), substantive, adjective and adverb–and so provides an excellent opportunity for observing the relations between these categories. Such a chance should not be missed, especially at a time when not merely the system but the very existence of the parts of speech is being called into question.

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