scholarly journals An Historical Examination of Alberta's Legal System - The First Seventy-Five Years

1969 ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
W. G. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Examination

This article was written in 1980 to commemorate Alberta's 75th year as a Province of Canada. The legal issues which arose during the past 75 years, both in criminal law and in civil litigation, reflect the social, economic and political development of the Province. The author provides an historical retrospective of those issues, drawing details from personal experience gained throughout his legal career in Alberta and the Northwest Territories.

scholarly journals Społeczna szkodliwość — dziedzictwo komunizmu w polskim prawie karnym?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-179
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Harmfulness ◽  
Second World

The introduction of social harmfulness (social danger) to Polish criminal law after the Second World War was politically motivated. For many, this circumstance was sufficient to formulate postulates about the necessity to remove this premise of criminal liability. Social harmfulness still remains controversial today. Before, criminal law was seen as a tool. Currently, it is to be an ultima ratio. It is clear that determining the essence of the crime and its nature, introducing into the law “what belongs to literature”, was necessary in the legal system of a totalitarian state, imposing its views and morals on society. In a legal system of a democratic state, a state ruled by law, a statutory ideological declaration regarding the essence of a crime seems redundant. However, changing the nomenclature is not enough here — there is a possibility of weakening the guaranteeing criminal law function. The social harmfulness premise contributes to the heterogeneity of jurisprudence, even in cases concerning serious crimes. The author is of the opinion that limiting the number of minor cases from the point of view of the state’s right to punish, which paralyzes the judiciary with their sheer number, should take place in a different way than introducing the social harmfulness of an act as a criterion determining the culpability. The currently adopted solution seems irrational and non-functional from the perspective of the legal certainty principle. A more appropriate move seems to be the assessing the advisability of prosecuting an act, i.e. by introducing and implementing the principle of opportunism in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Who Beats the Dutch Tax Department? Tracing 20 Years of Niche–Regime Interactions on Collective Solar PV Production in The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk-Jan Kooij ◽  
Arnoud Lagendijk ◽  
Marieke Oteman
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Political ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
Institutional Network

In the past years, Dutch citizens have experimented with various kinds of innovations to organize the collective production of renewable energy, including shared wind power and solar PV installations. Most of these attempts failed mainly due to legal issues and tax rules. Yet, one model for solar PV on collective roofs was implemented more widely, namely the postcode rose (PCR, postcoderoos): a form of cooperative solar PV production within a set of adjacent postcode areas. Set within a broader transition perspective, this article studies the emergence and evolution of the PCR as an example of a successful social innovation in the energy transition, through an innovation biography and mapping of the evolution of the social and institutional network around the innovation. The various attempts for collective solar PV, with different degrees of success and uptake into the regime, present a key aspect of niche development, namely associational work (circulation and mobilization) focused on regime change. In conclusion, the innovation path of the PCR emphasizes the importance of the political and associational in the energy transition and in transition thinking.

scholarly journals The National and the Social in Stalin's Political Famines

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
ANDREA GRAZIOSI
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Historical Journal

Ten or more years ago I informally proposed to a friend sitting in the editorial board of a major historical journal to organise a forum on Soviet famines in the light of the new sources and interpretations that were emerging. The answer I received struck me: it was a good idea and the topic was indeed important, but times weren't yet ripe. At first I was reminded of what Mikhail Suslov supposedly told Vasily Grossman: people weren't yet ready for Life and Destiny, whose essential ‘truth’ he did not therefore question. Then, I came to the conclusion that the answer was in itself a sign of the relevance of the topic and of its potential impact upon our reading of the past century. In fact, as I will try to briefly show in my conclusions, within Soviet famines keys can be found that open doors to an array of new, conceptual questions which force us to reconsider many of our basic ideas and representations. This is for historians a fascinating opportunity, but it can also prove a harrowing personal experience, so that in a way my colleague – being unquestionably wrong – was also unquestionably right: big questions have their times, and we can ‘force’ these times only up to a point, and at a risk, as is often the case with ‘forcing’.

The ‘land–family bond’ in East Sussex, c. 1580–1770

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID R. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Demographic Context ◽  
Over Time

This article contributes to debates over the ‘land–family bond’ in Early Modern England, in which social historians have engaged periodically during the past decade. It examines the work of Jane Whittle, Govind Sreenivasen and Alan Macfarlane and adds new archival evidence from my own study of three East Sussex villages, circa 1580–1770. Its focus is on the factors that influenced the land–family bond over time. It argues that a more nuanced understanding of individual tenant behaviour during this period cannot be reached without also charting the social, economic and demographic context in which such behaviour operated.

Migration in India: A Review

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Migration in India has received increased scholarly attention in the past forty years, assisted by additional categories of data collected through the National Census. Considering the volume of both internal and international migration, the Indian population is relatively immobile. Most movements occur locally; 60 percent of internal migration is rural-rural on an intra-district level, consisting primarily of women moving with their husbands after marriage. Next in importance is the rural-urban migration of males seeking economic gain. The few studies done on migrants' characteristics show migration to be highly selective of age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and caste. The specific role of poverty in causing migration is still under debate. Key areas for further research include a greater focus on immobility; the social and demographic consequences of migration on sending and receiving communities; and the social, economic and demographic behavior of the migrants.

scholarly journals The past and perspective development of pasturing and tourism in the mountains: insights from Norway and Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Potthoff ◽  
Aleš Smrekar ◽  
Mateja Šmid Hribar ◽  
Mimi Urbanc
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The paper aims to analyse the characteristics and trends in pastoral farming, tourism and recreation in the Norwegian and Slovenian mountains and resulting landscape changes. These land uses and related driving forces have been scrutinised in the context of economic, social, and political aspects. While pastoral farming has a centuries-old tradition in the higher altitudes of both countries, interest in mountains for tourism and recreational purposes dates back only to the nineteenth century but has been increasing steadily ever since. The findings of the study, based on a literature review and secondary data, suggest that the social, economic, and especially the political situation in Norway and Slovenia have been different, but the development of mountains in both countries in the field of mountain pasturing and tourism and recreation has shared more similarities than differences, although nuances and specificities should not be disregarded. It is evident that mountain pasturing in both countries is sensitive to societal changes. Further on, we can infer the synergy and the right balance between it and tourism and recreation can be an opportunity for a viable mountain economic situation and would preserve the long traditions of cooperation between the two sectors. //   Članek analizira značilnosti in trende pašništva in rekreacije ter posledične spremembe pokrajine v norveških in slovenskih gorah. Spremembe v rabi zemljišč in z njimi povezane gonilne sile smo preučili z ekonomskega, družbenega in političnega vidika. Planinsko pašništvo ima v obeh državah večstoletno tradicijo, zanimanje za gore iz turističnih in rekreativnih vzgibov pa se je začelo šele v 19. stoletju, vendar se od tedaj stalno povečuje. Ugotovitve te študije, ki temeljijo na pregledu obstoječe literature in sekundarnih podatkov, kažejo, da je bil družbeni, gospodarski in še posebej politični položaj na Norveškem in v Sloveniji sicer različen, vendar razvoj gorskih območij v obeh državah izkazuje več podobnosti kot razlik, pri čemur ne smemo zanemariti določenih razhajanj in posebnosti. Jasno je, da na planinsko pašništvo v obeh državah vplivajo družbene spremembe. Prav tako je očitno, da sinergija in ustrezno ravnovesje med planinskim pašništvom in turizmom ter rekreacijo nudita priložnost za vitalno gospodarsko stanje v gorah in obenem omogočata ohranitev dolgoletne tradicije sodelovanja med obema panogama.

scholarly journals Festivalisation: Patterns and Limits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Négrier
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Arts Festivals ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The rapid development of arts festivals in the past quarter century should not make us forget that such festivals are a relatively new phenomenon in Europe and that their current explosion goes hand in hand with a growing differentiation in the events/festivals market (Klaić 2008). Notwithstanding the long history of major events, the social, economic and cultural phenomenon that we associate with the ‘festivalisation of culture’ is much more recent. It is also linked to a plurality of causes, such as the evolution of democratic regimes (notably in Southern Europe), or the decentralisation of power in France (Négrier and Jourda 2007).

scholarly journals Cultura escolar y cultura juvenil: La (re)construcción simbólica del espacio escolar en la mutación cultural

2017 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Walter Molina ◽  
Mario Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
In The Beginning

ResumenEn términos amplios, nuestra reflexión se ubica en el contexto de las transformaciones sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales que viven las sociedades contemporáneas. Estas transformaciones se han perfilado como uno de los principales fenómenos en el inicio del Siglo XXI y han sido conceptualizadas de diversos modos: “sociedad de la información”, “sociedad del riesgo”, “sociedades postindustriales”, “sociedad sitiada”, entre otras nominaciones relevantes acuñadas por diversos autores. Estas expresiones manifiestan, de una u otra forma, que el cambio se ha constituido en una categoría central para el análisis de la experiencia personal y la organización de la sociedad actual.Palabras clave: Cultura escolar, cambio cultural, jóvenes, sociedad.AbstractIn broad terms, our reflection is to be found in the context of the social economic, political and cultural transformations that the contemporary societies live. These transformations have been outlined as one of the main phenomena in the beginning of XXI Century, and has been conceptualized in diverse ways: “society of the information”, “risk society”, “postindustrial societies”, “siege society”, among other outstanding expressions coined by diverse authors. These expressions declare in one way or another that the change has constituted in a central category for the analysis of the personal experience and the organization of the present society.Key words: Scholastic culture, cultural change, young people, society.

La necesidad de reformar la legislación sobre contratación pública para luchar contra la corrupción: las obligaciones que nos llegan desde Europa

2016 ◽  
pp. 77-113
Author(s):  
Teresa MEDINA ARNÁIZ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Sentence ◽  
International Conventions

LABURPENA: Ustelkeria arazo larria da eta eragin txarra du herrialde baten ekonomia, politika eta gizarte garapenean. Estatuetako mugak gainditu dituenez, estatu guztien kezka da. Hori dela eta, estatuen barruko araudiekin batera, azken urteotan nazioarteko hitzarmenak ugaldu dira jarrera ustelei aurrea hartzeko eta horiek jazartzeko. Ildo horretatik ere doaz Europako Batasuna eta estatu kideak, eta fronte desberdinetatik, ustelkeriaren aurkako politika globala ari dira garatzen. Jarduketa eremu bat kontratazio publikoa da, sektore horretan ustelkeria errazago gerta daitekeelako. Artikulu honetan, eskuraketa publikoetan kutunkeria eta ustelkeria gertatzeko arriskua murrizteko hartutako neurri batzuk azaltzen dira. RESUMEN: La corrupción es un grave problema que perjudica el desarrollo económico, político y social de un país. Su generalización más allá de las fronteras nacionales, preocupa a todos los Estados. Es por ello que, junto a las normativas internas, en los últimos años se han multiplicado los convenios internacionales para prevenir y reprimir las conductas corruptas. En esa línea de actuación se encuentra también la Unión Europea y sus Estados miembros que, desde distintos frentes, vienen desarrollando una política global de lucha contra la corrupción. Uno de sus ámbitos de acción es el de la contratación pública al ser éste uno de los sectores más expuestos al riesgo de corrupción. Este artículo presenta alguna de las medidas adoptadas desde la normativa contractual para reducir el riesgo de favoritismo y corrupción en las adquisiciones públicas. ABSTRACT: Corruption is a serious problem that is detrimental to the social, economic and political development of any country. Its extension across national frontiers is a source of concern for all States. Hence, in addition to specific domestic regulations, international conventions have multiplied in recent years to prevent and to curb corrupt practices. The European Union is also moving down this road and has developed a global policy to combat corruption on various fronts. One of its areas of action is public procurement; since 2004, Directives on public procurement have provided for the mandatory exclusion from the tendering process of those tenderers who have been convicted in a final sentence of offences involving corruption. The present article approaches the study of these measures and examines their contribution to the fight against corruption in the context of public procurement.

The Problems of Trans-border Evidence and European Initiatives to Resolve Them

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Physical Presence

When a criminal case with trans-border ramifications is to be prosecuted within a given state, the following three problems typically arise: — bringing the defendant, currently abroad, to that state, to enable the case against him to be tried; — obtaining relevant evidence from other jurisdictions; — persuading the courts of the state where the defendant is to be tried that they can use it. The first of these problems is in principle the most important. Unless a legal system is prepared (as some were in the past) to try defendants in absentia and then punish them in effigy, the defendant’s physical presence within the jurisdiction of the court is usually required in order to bring the mechanism of the criminal law to bear upon him.

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