scholarly journals EFFECT OF NaCl ON HYEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS PRODUCTIVITY AND CONTENT IN ITS CELLS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS, ACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AND ASTAXANTINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Averina ◽  
N. V. Kozel ◽  
R. A. Sherbakov ◽  
M. S. Radyuk ◽  
E. E. Manankina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Β Carotene

The effect of NaCl (25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM) on the productivity of the Haematococcus pluvialis strain IBCE H-17 on such parameters as dry biomass, content of protein, photosynthetic pigments, as well as astaxanthin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied. It was found that NaCl at low and medium concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mM) in the culture medium stimulated the accumulation of dry biomass during the first 7 days of cultivation on average 1,3 times as compared to the control (Rudik’s standard medium). After 12 days of incubation, stimulation averaged 33 % using 25 and 50 mM salt. The protein content on a dry weight basis fell, averaging 70 % of the control on the 7th day of incubation with 50–300 mM salt and 55 % on the 12th day for a salt concentration of 100–300 mM. When the algae was grown for 7 days on solutions containing NaCl, the total content of photosynthetic pigments – chlorophylls (Chl) a and b as well as the carotenoids neoxanthine, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene decreased. Chl b was more resistant to salinity than Chl a. Of all the pigments, NaCl exerts the greatest negative effect on β-carotene. Stress conditions created by NaCl led to the generation of ROS, in particular, after 7 days of cultivation the total ROS content in the “NaCl-100” variant was 1.7 times higher than that in the control culture and 3.0 times higher than the control in the 12-day culture. A significant positive effect of salinity on the content of astaxanthin was noted. The maximum effect was observed with 100 mM NaCl. After 7 days of incubation, the content of astaxanthin exceeded the control indices by 2.8 times, and after 12 days – by 20.5 times. The number of algae cells after 7 days of incubation in the “NaCl-100” variant decreased on average by 33 %, while the cell diameter increased by 29 %. 

scholarly journals Influence of ethanol on the productivity of Haematococcus pluvialis, content of photosynthetic pigments, reactive oxygen species and astaxantin

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Averina ◽  
N. V. Kozel ◽  
R. A. Shcherbakov ◽  
M. S. Radyuk ◽  
E. E. Manankina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Cells

The effect of ethanol (0.1, 0.3, and 1.6 %) on the content of photosynthetic pigments, astaxanthin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis, strain IBCE H-17), as well as on algae productivity, was studied in terms of dry biomass. Ethanol was found to stimulate in the studied concentrations the accumulation of dry biomass for 3, 7, and 12 days of cultivation on average 2 times. At all used ethanol concentrations, the number of cells increased. So, when using 0.3 % ethanol, the number of cells increased by 2.1; 2.5 and 3.3 times compared with the control culture on days 3, 7 and 15 of haematococcus cell growth. At the same time, a tendency toward a decrease in their size was noted. Ethanol also stimulated the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments. So, after 3 days of incubation in a solution containing 0.1 and 0.3 % ethanol, the content of chlorophyll (Chl) a was 142 and 130 % of that in the control, respectively, Chl b – 126 and 115 %, lutein – 151 and 132 %. The maximum effect was noted for β-carotene – 177 and 157 % compared with the control. The stress conditions created by ethanol led to the generation of ROS, in particular, after 7 days of incubation using 0.1; 0.3 and 1.6 % ethanol, the amount of ROS was 114, 141 and 179 % of that in the control, and after 12 days of incubation, 130, 165 and 183 %, respectively. A significant positive effect of ethanol on the content of astaxanthin was noted. So, after 7 days of incubation, the content of astaxanthin in options of 0.1; 0.3 and 1.6 % increased by 3.6; 4.9 and 4.6 times, respectively, and after 12 days – 8.6; 6.6 and 7.7 times compared with the control. The results indicate the enormous potential of using ethanol as an effective inducer of astaxanthin accumulation in haematococcus cells, as well as an active stimulator of algal productivity.

scholarly journals Biomass and Astaxanthin Productivities of Haematococcus pluvialis in an Angled Twin-Layer Porous Substrate Photobioreactor: Effect of Inoculum Density and Storage Time

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tri Do ◽  
Binh-Nguyen Ong ◽  
Minh-Ly Nguyen Tran ◽  
Doan Nguyen ◽  
Michael Melkonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Astaxanthin Production ◽  
Astaxanthin Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is mainly cultivated in suspended systems for astaxanthin production. Immobilized cultivation on a Twin-Layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) has recently shown promise as an alternative approach. In Vietnam, a TL-PSBR was constructed as a low-angle (15 °) horizontal system to study the cultivation of H. pluvialis for astaxanthin production. In this study, the biomass and astaxanthin productivities and astaxanthin content in the dry biomass were determined using different initial biomass (inoculum) densities (from 2.5 to 10 g dry weight m−2), different storage times of the initial biomass at 4 °C (24, 72, 120 and 168 h) and different light intensities (300–1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1). The optimal initial biomass density at light intensities between 400–600 µmol photons−2 s−1 was 5–7.5 g m−2. Algae stored for 24 h after harvest from suspension for immobilization on the TL-PSBR yielded the highest biomass and astaxanthin productivities, 8.7 g m−2 d−1 and 170 mg m−2 d−1, respectively; longer storage periods decreased productivity. Biomass and astaxanthin productivities were largely independent of light intensity between 300–1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1 but the efficiency of light use per mole photons was highest between 300–500 µmol photons m−2 s−1. The astaxanthin content in the dry biomass varied between 2–3% (w/w). Efficient supply of CO2 to the culture medium remains a task for future improvements of angled TL-PSBRs.

scholarly journals Investigations on carotenoids in Embryophyta. IV. The presence of apocarotenals in peatmosses

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czeczuga
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Β Carotene

By means of column and thin-layer chromatography, the author investigated tit presence of various carotenoids in stems of 3 species of the Sphagnum genus. Apocarotenals (β-apo-2', β-apo-10' -carotenal and apo-12' -violaxanthal) and the following carotenoids were found: α-, β-, ;-carotene, β-cryptoxantin, lutein, lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, adonixanthin, antheroxanthin, rhodoxanthin, rubixanthin, neoxanthin, vio-laxanthin and mutatoxanthin. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 11.954 to 41.579 mg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight.

Accumulation of Neutral Lipids and β-Carotene by the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast on a Medium with Sucrose as a Carbon Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Kosikhina ◽  
E.B. Vinogradova ◽  
D.A. Dementev ◽  
V.S. Korobov ◽  
V.A. Zolottsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rich Medium ◽  
Kurchatov Institute ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Β Carotene

Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast has been used as a host strain for the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScSUC2 gene and Y. lipolytica YlHXK1 gene encoding invertase and hexakinase, respectively. The expression was carried out on the background of the enhanced pathway of the synthesis of neutral lipids. This allowed the yeast to efficiently utilize glucose as a single carbon source. The engineered strain accumulated neutral lipids in amount of 50.7% of biomass dry weight, when cultured in tubes in minimal medium with nitrogen limitation and high sucrose content. The next metabolic engineering step was the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 editing system to introduce a heterologous β-carotene synthesis pathway by the expression of the Mucor circinelloides genes CarRP and CarB, encoding the bifunctional enzyme phytoene synthase/licopene-β-cyclase (carRP) and phytoene dehydrogenase (carB), as well as an increase in the expression level of the Y. lipolytica YlGGS1 gene, encoding geranyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. The β-carotene production on a sucrose-containing medium was shown for the first time; it amounted for 24.0 mg/g dry biomass, or 406.9 mg/L, on the 5th day of cultivation in tubes in a rich medium with a sucrose portioned supply (50 g/L). The corresponding values for a rich medium with a higher sucrose concentration (90 g/L) were 21.9 mg/g dry biomass and 625.8 mg/L. Yarrowia lipolytica, β-carotene, sucrose, CRISPR-Cas9 The plasmids pdKu70Yl-URA3, pLTet-SP-CAT, pARS-Cre-reverse, pMW-att-Cm and pGPD1Yl were kindly provided by Ph.D. I.A. Laptev ("Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA NRC). The work was carried out using the equipment of the Multipurpose Scientific Facility of the "Russian State Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GOSNIIGENETIKA. The work was supported by state assignment no. 14 of 25.07.2012 AAAA-A20-120093090016-9. The quantitative analysis of lipids and β-carotene was carried out by V.A. Zolottsev within the framework of the "Long-Term Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation (2021-2030)".

scholarly journals Investigations on carotenoids in lichens. XII. Some species from the Pyrenean Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czeczuga ◽  
Blanca Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Β Carotene

By means of column and thin-layer chromatography, the authors investigated the presence of various carotenoids in thalli of 12 species of lichens from the Pyrenean Peninsula. The following carotenoids were found: lycophyll, lycoxanthin, β-carotene, α-, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, canthaxanthin, phoenicoxanthin, adonixanthin, α-doradexanthin, astaxanthin, diatoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, mutatochrome, mutatoxanthin and rhodoxanthin. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 2.299 (<em>Cetraria cucullata</em>) to 39.402 mg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight (<em>Pseudoevernia furfuraceae</em>).

scholarly journals The influence of Rose Bengal photosensitizer on the productivity and pigment composition of Haematococcus pluvialis

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Elizaveta I. Pechenkina ◽  
Tatyana V. Samovich ◽  
Nikolay V. Kozel
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
High Intensity Light ◽  
Primary Agent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The stimulation of astaxanthin synthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis cells under high-intensity light in the combined action of Rose Bengal photosensitizer has been established. It was revealed that when Rose Bengal was used as an additional inducer of carotenogenesis in high-intensity light, the dry weight of the Haematococcus and the diameter of the cells in suspension increase compared to the action of only high-intensity light on algae cells. The observed increases in dry weight are significant and reach 40 % excess over control. We suggest that the increase in dry weight, Haematococcus cell diameter and astaxanthin yield when H. pluvialis photosensitizer is added to the incubation medium against the background of high-intensity light is not associated with increased stress (since the used concentrations of Rose Bengal are too small to induce photo-oxidative stress), but the signaling properties of the generated Rose Bengal singlet oxygen, which may be the primary agent in the transduction of a signal that triggers increased synthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis cells.

Partial quantification of pigments extracted from the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis at varying irradiances

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalesi ◽  
Packo Lamers
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Sinularia Flexibilis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractChlorophyll-a (chl-a) and carotenoid pigments of the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography following exposure to three light intensities for over 30 days. From the coral fragments located at different light intensities, a total carotenoid of >41 μg g−1 dry weight, including peridinin, xanthophylls (likely diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin), and chl-a as the most abundant pigments, with minor contents of astaxantin and β-carotene were detected. The whole content of chl-a weighed 5 μg g−1 dry weight in all coral colonies. Chl-a and carotenoids contributed 11.2% and 88.2%, respectively, to all pigments detected, and together accounted for 99.4% of the total pigments present. The highest contents of carotenoids and chl-a was observed in the coral grafts placed in an irradiance of 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1; they showed lower ratios of total carotenoids: chl-a compared to those exposed to 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 after >30 days of incubation. The ratios of peridinin and xanthophylls with respect to chl-a from the colonies at 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 were approximately double those observed at irradiances of 100 and 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. Partial quantification of pigments in this study showed that the carotenoids of S. flexibilis showed a decrease at irradiances above 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1, with the exception of an increase in β-carotene at 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1.

Der Einfluß von Cycloheximid und Chloramphenicol auf die Biosynthese der Photosynthese-Pigmente in Cyanophora paradoxa Korsch. II. carotinoide / The influence of cycloheximide and chloram phenicol on the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic pigments in cyanophora paradoxa. II. carotenoids

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 984-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Neu-Müller ◽  
Hainfried E. A. Schenk ◽  
Harald Stransky
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Prokaryotic Genome ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cyanophora Paradoxa ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Β Carotene

To prove the extent to which the endocyanelle of C. paradoxa is autonomous with respect to the biosynthesis of its photosynthetic pigments, the degree, to which the translation inhibitors cycloheximide (CHI) and chloramphenicol (CA) influence the biosynthesis of carotenoids, was investigated by two methods (in vivo VIS-spectroscopy and photosynthetic l4C-incorporation into the pigments). During the first 6 h (in vivo VIS-spectra) the probes treated with the inhibitors show a similar increase of the total carotenoid content as the control, thereafter the inhibition by CHI is increased significantly at approx. 50% (18 h), by CA somewhat lower. The [14C]carbon- dioxide incorporation into β-carotene do not show any notable differences between the control culture and the cultures treated with inhibitors. Quite different to this observation is the behaviour of zeaxanthin. CHI shows an inhibition of 60% after 8 h, whereas CA accelerates the biosynthesis of zeaxanthin at +60% (to the control). Zeaxanthin has the same absolute concen­tration, but it was marked only ten times lower than β-carotene. The greater effect of CHI (in vivo VIS-spectra) should not be taken as a higher participation of the eukaryotic genome. In contrast that is only to ascribe to the inhibition of the photosynthetic activity, which is in the same order of magnitude. Additionally the behaviour of zeaxanthin seems to be more a sign for higher participation of the prokaryotic genome

scholarly journals Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Fabian Sandgruber ◽  
Annekathrin Gielsdorf ◽  
Anja C. Baur ◽  
Benjamin Schenz ◽  
Sandra Marie Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii

The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.

scholarly journals Physiologically Active Compounds in Four Species of Phellinus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Anna Maślanka ◽  
Agnieszka Szewczyk ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Indole Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The content of two groups of compounds with biological activity (non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and free phenolic acids) were analyzed in extracts of fruiting bodies of four species of Phellinus: P. igniarius, P. pini, P. pomaceus and P. robustus. The presence of indole compounds in methanolic extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with densitometric detection. Three metabolites (serotonin, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan) were identified. The contents of individual indole compounds ranged from 1.70 (tryptamine in P. robustus) to 8.32 mg x 100 g1 dry weight (L-tryptophan in P. robustus). Four free phenolic acids were detected in methanolic extracts by the HPLC method. The total content ranged from 9.9 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. igniarius) to 32.5 mg x 100 g1 DW (P. robustus).

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