scholarly journals Identifikasi Karakterstik Molekuler Gen 16S rRNA Parsial pada Paus Sperma (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mukhlis Kamal ◽  
Nurlisa A Butet ◽  
Endah Sri Rahayu ◽  
Agus Alim Hakim
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaena Mysticetus ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus

Paus sperma (Physeter macrocephalus) merupakan salah satu mamalia laut yang dikategorikan dalam status vulnerable pada IUCN dan status Appendix I pada CITES. Identitas asli dari paus sperma secara molekuler dapat ditelusuri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik molekuler paus sperma (P. macrocephalus) berdasarkan gen 16s rRNA parsial. Tiga contoh jaringan paus sperma yang dianalisis berasal dari perairan Laut Sawu, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen basa nukleotida gen parsial 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa ketiga contoh memiliki kemiripan dengan Physeter catodon sebesar 99%, dimana P. catodon merupakan sinonim dari P. macrocephalus. Pensejajaran sekuen nukleotida dengan outgroup (Balaenoptera physalus dan Balaena mysticetus) didapatkan nilai jarak genetik ketiga contoh dengan outgroup berkisar antara 0,0093–0,0726. Selain itu, didapatkan 25 nukleotida spesifik P. macrocephalus yang mampu membedakan dari spesies outgroup.  Penelitian ini mampu memvalidasi spesies P. macrocephalus berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan dapat dijadikan sebagai marka molekuler yang kuat untuk identifikasi P. macrocephalus.

Biological threats and environmental pollutants, a lethal mixture for mediterranean cetaceans?

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Lauriano ◽  
Giovanni Di Guardo ◽  
Letizia Marsili ◽  
Silvia Maltese ◽  
Maria Cristina Fossi
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Lipid Weight ◽  
Free Ranging

The possible existence of any cause–effect relationships between the concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) and the presence of Morbillivirus and Toxoplasma gondii infections was investigated in both free-living and stranded specimens of Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Globicephala melas, Balaenoptera physalus and Physeter macrocephalus from the Mediterranean Sea. High blubber concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were recorded in free-ranging G. melas. Tissue concentrations of PCBs and DDT in stranded T. truncatus (367 lipid weight (l.w.) and 143.7 mg/kg l.w., respectively) and S. coeruleoalba (139.9 l.w.; 92.9 mg/kg l.w.) were beyond the PCB threshold value for the appearance of adverse effects in marine mammals. Evidence of T. gondii infection was molecularly detected in three S. coeruleoalba and six T. truncatus.

scholarly journals Inventaire systématique et paléoécologie des mammifères marins de la Mer de Champlain (fin du Wisconsinien) et de ses voies d’accès

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harington ◽  
Serge Occhietti
Keyword(s):  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Balaena Mysticetus ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus

RÉSUMÉ À la fin du Wisconsinien supérieur, entre environ 12 400 et 9300 BP, la Mer de Champlain a inondé une vaste région allant de Québec au lac Ontario. Dans ces eaux progressivement dessalées, riches en plancton et poissons, plusieurs espèces de baleines adaptées aux eaux froides intérieures ont vécu jusque sur les marges occidentales. Environ 80 % des spécimens découverts dans les dépôts marins appartiennent à l'espèce béluga ou « baleine blanche » (Delphinapterus leucas). Des spécimens uniques de marsouin commun (Phocoena phocoena) et des trois espèces de grandes baleines, le rorqual à bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae), la baleine boréale (Balaena mysticetus) et le rorqual commun (Balaenoptera physalus) ont également été découverts. Deux spécimens de narval (Monodon monoceras) ont été extraits de dépôts marins situés sur les voies d'accès à l'est de la Mer de Champlain. La prédilection de cette espèce pour les eaux profondes l'a sans doute empêchée de pénétrer dans le bassin intérieur. La faune de la Mer de Champlain comptait aussi des phoques, en particulier les espèces adaptées à la reproduction sur les banquises, comme le phoque du Groenland (Phoca groenlandica) et le phoque barbu (Erignathus barbatus), ou à la reproduction sur les glaces de rive, comme le phoque annelé (Phoca hispida). Les restes d'un phoque commun (Phoca vitulina), adapté aux eaux littorales libres de glace, ont été trouvés sur la marge sud de la mer. Bien que des spécimens de morse (Odobenus rosmarus) aient été découverts en 14 endroits sur les voies d'accès à la Mer de Champlain, aucun spécimen de cette espèce n'a été trouvé jusqu'à présent dans les dépôts laissés par cette mer.

scholarly journals Estimates of the abundance of cetaceans in the central North Atlantic based on the NASS Icelandic and Faroese shipboard surveys conducted in 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pike ◽  
Thorvaldur Gunnlaugsson ◽  
Bjarni Mikkelsen ◽  
Sverrir D. Halldórsson ◽  
Gísli Víkingsson
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
June July

The North Atlantic Sightings Survey (NASS), the sixth in a series of surveys conducted between 1987 and 2015, was conducted in June/July 2015 and covered a large area of the northern North Atlantic. The Icelandic and Faroese ship survey component of the NASS covered the area between the Faroe Islands and East Greenland from latitude 52° to 72° N. The survey used 3 vessels and an independent double-platform configuration with each platform staffed by a minimum of 2 observers. Here we present both uncorrected abundance estimates derived using Multiple Covariates Distance Sampling, and corrected abundance estimates derived using Mark-Recapture Distance Sampling, for the following species: fin (Balaenoptera physalus), common minke (B. acutorstrata), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (B. musculus), sei (B. borealis), sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), long-finned pilot (Globicephala melas) and northern bottlenose (Hyperoodon ampullatus) whales as well as white-beaked (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and white-sided (L. acutus) dolphins. We then compare these estimates to those from previous NASS and put them into context with estimates from adjoining areas of the North Atlantic.

Size and growth of heart, liver, and kidneys in North Atlantic fin (Balaenoptera physalus), sei (B. borealis), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Heart Size

Size and growth of heart, liver, and kidneys in fin (Balaenoptera physalus), sei (B. borealis), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales taken commercially off Iceland during the 1980 season are compared and examined relative to organ weights for terrestrial mammals. In agreement with the work of previous investigators, the sperm whale is shown to have a relatively smaller heart. However, contrary to previous analysis, fin and sei whales are shown to have relative heart sizes not radically different from those of terrestrial mammals. It is suggested that the differences in relative heart size between the baleen and toothed whales are a reflection of the greater swimming speeds that the baleen whales are capable of attaining. This analysis confirms that marine cetaceans have relatively much larger livers than terrestrial mammals and that they also appear to have relatively larger kidneys. The results presented here, however, show fin, sei, and sperm whales to have relative kidney sizes less than half as great as those given in previous analyses. Growth gradients in the three organs show a distinct pattern of divergence between sperm (Odontocete) and fin and sei (Mysticete) whales.

scholarly journals Cetacean records from Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Best ◽  
James P. Glass ◽  
Peter G. Ryan ◽  
Merel L. Dalebout
Keyword(s):  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Globicephala Melas ◽  
Lagenorhynchus Obscurus ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Eubalaena Australis ◽  
Southern Right Whales

The cetacean fauna at the Tristan da Cunha archipelago has been assessed from ship-based, aerial and land-based observations from 1983–2000, from strandings on Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island between 1983 and 1995, and from whaling catch data from 1934–1967. Five species (Eubalaena australis, Megaptera novaeangliae, Tasmacetus shepherdi, Globicephala melas and Orcinus orca) have been sighted within the territorial waters of the archipelago, eight species (Balaenoptera physalus, B. borealis, B. acutorostrata/bonaerensis, Physeter macrocephalus, Mesoplodon mirus, M. bowdoini, Delphinus sp. and Lissodelphis peronii) have been seen or taken within 200 nautical miles (360 km) of the group or have been found stranded on its shores, while another two species (Caperea marginata and Lagenorhynchus obscurus) have been recorded close enough to be considered likely to occur within 200 nautical miles. The records of Mesoplodon mirus and M. bowdoini represent significant extensions to their known distribution. Apart from its possible importance as a mid-oceanic nursery area for southern right whales, the waters of the Tristan Archipelago seem to be a concentration area for T. shepherdi, one of the least-known of the world's cetaceans.

scholarly journals Bones as biofuel: a review of whale bone composition with implications for deep-sea biology and palaeoanthropology

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1702) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Higgs ◽  
Crispin T. S. Little ◽  
Adrian G. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaenoptera Physalus ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Striped Dolphin ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Different Parts

Whales are unique among vertebrates because of the enormous oil reserves held in their soft tissue and bone. These ‘biofuel’ stores have been used by humans from prehistoric times to more recent industrial-scale whaling. Deep-sea biologists have now discovered that the oily bones of dead whales on the seabed are also used by specialist and generalist scavenging communities, including many unique organisms recently described as new to science. In the context of both cetacean and deep-sea invertebrate biology, we review scientific knowledge on the oil content of bone from several of the great whale species: Balaenoptera musculus, Balaenoptera physalus , Balaenoptera borealis , Megaptera novaeangliae, Eschrichtius robustus , Physeter macrocephalus and the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba . We show that data collected by scientists over 50 years ago during the heyday of industrial whaling explain several interesting phenomena with regard to the decay of whale remains. Variations in the lipid content of bones from different parts of a whale correspond closely with recently observed differences in the taphonomy of deep-sea whale carcasses and observed biases in the frequency of whale bones at archaeological sites.

Protein-induced conformational changes in 16S rRNA during assembly of the Escherichia Coli 30S ribosomal subunit: A STEM study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 910-911
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
V. Mandiyan ◽  
J.F. Hainfeld ◽  
J.S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
30S Subunit

The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism of 16S rRNA folding into the compact structure of the small 30S subunit of E. coli ribosome. The assembly of the 30S E. coli ribosomal subunit is a sequence of specific interactions of 16S rRNA with 21 ribosomal proteins (S1-S21). Using dedicated high resolution STEM we have monitored structural changes induced in 16S rRNA by the proteins S4, S8, S15 and S20 which are involved in the initial steps of 30S subunit assembly. S4 is the first protein to bind directly and stoichiometrically to 16S rRNA. Direct binding also occurs individually between 16S RNA and S8 and S15. However, binding of S20 requires the presence of S4 and S8. The RNA-protein complexes are prepared by the standard reconstitution procedure, dialyzed against 60 mM KCl, 2 mM Mg(OAc)2, 10 mM-Hepes-KOH pH 7.5 (Buffer A), freeze-dried and observed unstained in dark field at -160°.

Imaging of ribosomal RNA-protein interactions by dark-field STEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
V. Mandiyan ◽  
S. Tumminia ◽  
J.F. Hainfeld ◽  
J.S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Central Domain ◽  
The Core ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
30S Subunit ◽  
Core Particles

Success in protein-free deposition of native nucleic acid molecules from solutions of selected ionic conditions prompted attempts for high resolution imaging of nucleic acid interactions with proteins, not attainable by conventional EM. Since the nucleic acid molecules can be visualized in the dark-field STEM mode without contrasting by heavy atoms, the established linearity between scattering cross-section and molecular weight can be applied to the determination of their molecular mass (M) linear density (M/L), mass distribution and radius of gyration (RG). Determination of these parameters promotes electron microscopic imaging of biological macromolecules by STEM to a quantitative analytical level. This technique is applied to study the mechanism of 16S rRNA folding during the assembly process of the 30S ribosomal subunit of E. coli. The sequential addition of protein S4 which binds to the 5'end of the 16S rRNA and S8 and S15 which bind to the central domain of the molecule leads to a corresponding increase of mass and increased coiling of the 16S rRNA in the core particles. This increased compactness is evident from the decrease in RG values from 114Å to 91Å (in “ribosomal” buffer consisting of 10 mM Hepes pH 7.6, 60 mM KCl, 2 m Mg(OAc)2, 1 mM DTT). The binding of S20, S17 and S7 which interact with the 5'domain, the central domain and the 3'domain, respectively, continues the trend of mass increase. However, the RG values of the core particles exhibit a reverse trend, an increase to 108Å. In addition, the binding of S7 leads to the formation of a globular mass cluster with a diameter of about 115Å and a mass of ∽300 kDa. The rest of the mass, about 330 kDa, remains loosely coiled giving the particle a “medusa-like” appearance. These results provide direct evidence that 16S RNA undergoes significant structural reorganization during the 30S subunit assembly and show that its interactions with the six primary binding proteins are not sufficient for 16S rRNA coiling into particles resembling the native 30S subunit, contrary to what has been reported in the literature.

Differentiation Of Clarias Batrachus, C. Gariepinus And Heteropneustes Fossilis By Pcr-Sequencing Of Mitochondrial 16s Rrna Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam ◽  
Hawa Jahan ◽  
Rowshan Ara Begum ◽  
Reza M Shahjahan
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Larva ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Alternative Means

Heteropneustesfossilis, Clariasbatrachus and C. gariepinus are three major catfishes ofecological and economic importance. Identification of these fish species becomes aproblem when the usual external morphological features of the fish are lost or removed,such as in canned fish. Also, newly hatched fish larva is often difficult to identify. PCRsequencingprovides accurate alternative means of identification of individuals at specieslevel. So, 16S rRNA genes of three locally collected catfishes were sequenced after PCRamplification and compared with the same gene sequences available from othergeographical regions. Multiple sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA gene fragments ofthe catfish species has revealed polymorphic sites which can be used to differentiate thesethree species from one another and will provide valuable insight in choosing appropriaterestriction enzymes for PCR-RFLP based identification in future. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 51-58, June 2015

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