scholarly journals Potensi Pengembangan Kehutanan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Omo Rusdiana ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno ◽  
Yanto Ardiyanto ◽  
Candraningratri Ekaputri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Northern Border

Mahakam Ulu Regency is a new autonomous region formed separated from Kutai Barat regency of East Kalimantan Province in 2013. The local government of Mahakam Ulu has set to develop their local economy by utilizing and developing local resources. The regency’s geographical position at the northern border of Indonesia, together with its majority land coverage of natural forests, urges Mahakam Ulu to define its potential economic activities that support its people’s welfare and preserve its nature at the same time. This research aims to understand the regional development potential of Mahakam Ulu Regency on the forestry and agriculture sector, as well as to define strategies for development. Competitive commodities analysis, land suitability analysis and land availability analysis for the competitive commodities were conducted to obtain accurate information on the region’s forestry and agriculture potential. Analysis shows that Mahakam Ulu regency has forestry potentials in the form of development of community forest with non-timber forest products (NTFP) as the main commodity, environment service business in the form of ecotourism, utilization of timber forest products and NTFP, as well as development of customary forests. On the other side, potential agricultural commodities in Mahakam Ulu regency covers paddy, rubber, cacao and oil palm.

scholarly journals Are Wildfires a Threat to Fungi in European Pinus Forests? A Case Study of Boreal and Mediterranean Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Franco-Manchón ◽  
Kauko Salo ◽  
Juan Oria-de-Rueda ◽  
José Bonet ◽  
Pablo Martín-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Pinus Species

Natural forests and plantations of Pinus are ecologically and economically important worldwide, producing an array of goods and services, including the provision of non-wood forest products. Pinus species play an important role in Mediterranean and boreal forests. Although Pinus species seem to show an ecological adaptation to recurrent wildfires, a new era of mega fires is predicted, owing to climate changes associated with global warming. As a consequence, fungal communities, which are key players in forest ecosystems, could be strongly affected by these wildfires. The aim of this study was to observe the fungal community dynamics, and particularly the edible fungi, in maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.), austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests growing under wet Mediterranean, dry Mediterranean, and boreal climatic conditions, respectively, by comparing the mushrooms produced in severely burned Pinus forests in each area. Sporocarps were collected during the main sampling campaigns in non-burned plots, and in burned plots one year and five years after fire. A total of 182 taxa, belonging to 81 genera, were collected from the sampled plots, indicating a high level of fungal diversity in these pine forests, independent of the climatic conditions. The composition of the fungal communities was strongly affected by wildfire. Mycorrhizal taxa were impacted more severely by wildfire than the saprotrophic taxa, particularly in boreal forests—no mycorrhizal taxa were observed in the year following fire in boreal forests. Based on our observations, it seems that fungal communities of boreal P. sylvestris forests are not as adapted to high-intensity fires as the Mediterranean fungal communities of P. nigra and P. pinaster forests. This will have an impact on reducing fungal diversity and potential incomes in rural economically depressed areas that depend on income from foraged edible fungi, one of the most important non-wood forest products.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI EKONOMI DI SEKTOR DAN SUBSEKTOR PERTANIAN, KEHUTANAN DAN PERIKANAN KABUPATEN JEMBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rizani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Ratio Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Estate Crop

This study aims to examine the economic potential in the sector and sub-sector of agriculture, forestry and fishery of Jember Regency. In addition, this study also identifies and determines the leading sectors and sub-sectors in Jember Regency to provide an overview of the leading economic activities that can be developed in increasing the economic potential in Jember District. Analyzer used in this research include analysis of Shift-Share, Location Quotient (LQ), and Growth Ratio Model (MRP). From the research result, it can be seen that: (1) shift-share analysis shows Jember Regency economy during 2010-2015 period increased by Rp2,412.3 billion. The improvement of economic performance in Jember Regency can be seen from positive sector of agriculture sector, forestry and fishery; (2) Based on the analysis of Location Quotient (LQ) sector and the leading sub-sector in Jember Regency there is 1 sector and 1 sub-sector having average LQ> 1 or sector and subsector of the (potential) ie agriculture, farming, and plantation sub-sector; (3) Growth Ratio Model (MRP) analysis shows that the dominant sectors of growth and large contribution include estate crop sub-sector, agriculture and hunting services sub sector, forestry and logging sector, and fishery sector; (4) weighted results based on Shift-Share, Location Quotient (LQ) and Growth Ratio (MRP) analysis were obtained by the highest ranking sub-category of the most potential weighted crops sub-sector.

scholarly journals Seasonal effects of wastewater to the water quality of the Caeté river estuary, Brazilian Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luci C.C. Pereira ◽  
Marcela C. Monteiro ◽  
Danielly O. Guimarães ◽  
Jislene B. Matos ◽  
Rauquírio M. da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Biological Resources

Bragança's socioeconomic situation is highly dependent on estuarine and marine biological resources that are influenced by tidal cycles and climatology. Field measurements (hydrological, hydrodynamic and microbiological variables) were taken in the most urbanized zone from Caeté estuary to characterise the quality of the local environment. During the dry period, the estuary was more eutrophic and presented the highest temperature (30.5 °C in Oct./06), salinity (17 psu in Feb./07), pH (8.24 in Feb./07) and fecal coliform (> 1000 MPN/100 ml in Dec./06 and Feb./07) values. The phytoplankton Cyclotella meneghiniana, Coscinodiscus centralis and other r-strategist species were observed. The lack of basic hydric canalization was responsible for the local contamination, especially during the dry period when more concentrated wastewater from the city was emitted into the estuary, showing the human influence on the reduction of local estuarine water quality. In Bragança, the fishery is considered one of the main economic activities so, this contamination is worrisome because a large part of the local economy depends on biological resources and, thus, the contamination could negatively affect the environmental health of this Amazon ecosystem.

Estimating carbon losses from disturbances in tropical moist forests (deforestation and forest degradation) since 2011

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Achard ◽  
Christelle Vancutsem ◽  
Valerio Avitabile ◽  
Andreas Langner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Carbon Losses

<p>The need for accurate information to characterize the evolution of forest cover at the tropical scale is widely recognized, particularly to assess carbon losses from processes of disturbances such as deforestation and forest degradation<sup>1</sup>. In fact, the contribution of degradation is a key element for REDD+ activities and is presently mostly ignored in national reporting due to the lack of reliable information at such scale.<br>Recently Vancutsem et al.<sup>2</sup> produced a dataset at 30m resolution which delineates the tropical moist forest (TMF) cover changes from 1990 to 2019. The use of the Landsat historical time-series at high temporal and spatial resolution allows accurate monitoring of deforestation and degradation, from which the carbon losses from disturbances in TMFs can be estimated. A degradation event is defined here as temporary absence of tree cover (visible within a Landsat pixel during a maximum of three years duration) and includes impacts of fires and logging activities.<br>We quantify the annual losses in above-ground carbon stock associated to degradation and deforestation in TMF over the period 2011-2019 by combining the annual disturbances in forest cover derived from the Landsat archive the pan-tropical map of aboveground live woody biomass density (AGB) from Santoro et al.<sup>3</sup> at 100 m. To reduce the local variability within the estimation of AGB values, we apply a moving average filter under the TMF cover for the year 2010. <br>The carbon loss due to degradation is accounted as full carbon loss within a pixel (like a deforestation). The reason is that logging activities usually remove large trees with higher biomass densities than the average value of the disturbed pixel indicated by the pan-tropical maps. To avoid double counting of carbon removal, deforestation happening after degradation is not accounted as carbon loss.<br>Our results are compared with estimates of previous studies that cover different periods and forest domains: (i) Tyukavina et al.<sup>4</sup> provide estimates of carbon loss from deforestation for the period 2000-2012 for all forests (evergreen and deciduous) discriminating natural forests from managed forests, and (ii) Baccini et al.<sup>5 </sup>provide estimates of carbon loss from deforestation and degradation for the period 2003-2014 for both evergreen and deciduous forests.</p><p>In a further step, we will analyze the sensitivity of the results to the input AGB values by applying the same approach to other AGB maps (e.g. Baccini et al. 2012<sup>6</sup>).<br>Finally we intend to use Sentinel-2 data (10 m) for monitoring the location and extent of logging activities and burnt areas and further improve the estimates of carbon losses from forest degradation. </p><p>1. Achard F, House JI 2015 doi 10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/101002<br>2. Vancutsem C. et al. 2019 Submitted to Nat. Geoscience<br>3. Santoro M et al. 2018 doi 10.1594/PANGAEA.894711<br>4. Tuykavina A et al 2018 http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/10/7/074002<br>5. Baccini A et al. 2017 doi 10.1126/science.aam5962<br>6. Baccini A et al. 2012 doi 10.1038/nclimate1354</p>

Forest ecology on Java: human impact and vegetation of montane forest

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred C Smiet
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Tree Cutting ◽  
Landscape Units

ABSTRACTNatural forests on Java have been generally cleared and remnants are now confined to mountain areas Although legally protected, these forests are used by local people for products like firewood, timber and fodder Locally, such exploitation is carried out daily by hundreds of people, whose livelihood depends on forest products Using a landscape-guided approach, a 15,500 ha area of montane forest in East Java has been sampled and analysed at the sylvatic mosaic level Vegetation types, sociologic species groups and vegetation structure are described for landscape units The most accessible landscape units have the most degraded forest with basal area values < 15 m2 ha−1 and a canopy closure of < 20% The least accessible units have relatively undisturbed forest with basal area values of > 45 m2 ha−1 and a canopy closure of > 60% Human activities such as tree cutting have altered species composition and modified forest structure to such an extent that large stretches of forest have been replaced by woodland or shrubland Forest degradation is described as a human induced process in which basal area and canopy closure are ultimately reduced, in spite of regrowth Comparison with other forest areas on Java shows that degradation as a result of tree cutting is a widespread phenomenon

DIVERSIFICATION OF TREE CROPS: DOMESTICATION OF COMPANION CROPS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. B. Leakey ◽  
Z. Tchoundjeu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Candidate Species

New initiatives in agroforestry are seeking to integrate indigenous trees, whose products have traditionally been gathered from natural forests, into tropical farming systems such as cacao farms. This is being done to provide from farms, marketable timber and non-timber forest products that will enhance rural livelihoods by generating cash for resource-poor rural and peri-urban households. There are many potential candidate species for domestication that have commercial potential in local, regional or even international markets. Little or no formal research has been carried out on many of these hitherto wild species to assess potential for genetic improvement, reproductive biology or suitability for cultivation. With the participation of subsistence farmers a number of projects to bring candidate species into cultivation are in progress, however. This paper describes some tree domestication activities being carried out in southern Cameroon, especially with Irvingia gabonensis (bush mango; dika nut) and Dacryodes edulis (African plum; safoutier). As part of this, fruits and kernels from 300 D. edulis and 150 I. gabonensis trees in six villages of Cameroon and Nigeria have been quantitatively characterized for 11 traits to determine combinations defining multi-trait ideotypes for a genetic selection programme. I. gabonensis fruits are rich in vitamin A (67 mg 100 ml−1), while the kernels are rich in fat (51.3%) and contain a polysaccharide that is a food thickener. The fruits of D. edulis are also rich in oil (31.9%) and protein (25.9%). This poverty-reducing agroforestry strategy is at the same time linked to one in which perennial, biologically diverse and complex mature-stage agroecosystems are developed as sustainable alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture. To meet the objective of poverty reduction, however, it is crucial that market expansion and creation are possible. Hence, for example, it is important to determine which marketable traits are amenable to genetic improvement. While some traits (such as fruit and kernel mass) that benefit the farmer are relatively easy to identify, there are undoubtedly others that are important to the food, pharmaceutical or other industries which require more sophisticated chemical evaluation. There is a need, therefore, for better linkages between agroforesters and the private sector. The domestication activities described are relevant to the enrichment of smallholder cacao farms and agroforests. This diversification is seen as being important for the support of the cacao industry.

scholarly journals CLÚSTERES Y SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS LOCALES EN LA FRONTERA NORTE DE MÉXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sárah Eva Martínez Pellégrini
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Productive System ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
High Level

Este artículo retoma el caso del estado de Baja California para discutir sus bases de desarrollo, ganador en términos de integración a América del Norte, y que hasta la fecha no parece haber logrado una reestructuración de su base económica que permita hablar de la existencia de un sistema productivo local, con cierto grado de integración. El problema fundamental de esta situación es que la economía bajacaliforniana ha mantenido un patrón de crecimiento sin tanto desarrollo hacia una competitividad basada en factores otros que su ubicación geográfica y el precio de la mano de obra. La política de desarrollo empresarial basada en clústeres, implementada en el estado a partir de 2002, podría lograr introducir algunos cambios en el sistema regional hacia la articulación de un sistema territorial con una nueva visión de competitividad, si se analiza desde el marco de las propuestas de desarrollo endógeno.   ABSTRACT This article discusses whether Baja California, a northern border Mexican state, has an endogenous local development dynamic, or its achievements in economic growth rest on a weak economic base with a high level of exogenous dependency. Being one of the TLALCAN-winners does not seem to have endowed this region with inner articulation as to find a Local Productive System on which Baja California could ground an endogenous development model. The recent (2002) change in the regional development policy targeting «clusterization» of economic activities could contribute start a new way to talk competitivity in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Pabitra Gotame ◽  
Yam Bahadur K.C. ◽  
Nripesh Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Negative Effect

Scientific forest management (SciFM) ensures improved productivity and healthy forests that are crucial for the economic development and prosperity of forest-dependent country like Nepal. This study analyzes the effects of the silvicultural intervention on the regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta), plant species diversity, and income through the flow of forest products in the Patela Community Forest in Kailali District of Nepal, where Sal (S. robusta) forest has been managed under an Irregular Shelterwood System with 80 years of the rotation period since fiscal year 2017/18. The vegetation sampling was done by the quadrat method based on the principle of stratified random sampling from the managed and unmanaged parts of the forest. The climate based site productivity was analyzed. The profitability of scientific forest management was analyzed by income and cost incurred in managing the forest. The study revealed the promising regeneration of S. robusta in the managed areas compared to the unmanaged area. The silvicultural intervention had a significant negative effect on plant diversity showing an increase in the concentration of dominance of S. robusta. An implementation of SciFM plan generated a total net benefit of 187,000 US$ in the last 2017/18, and 2018/19 fiscal years. This study recommends existing natural forests to be managed based on sound silvicultural principles to improve the degrading nature of the productive forest that can generate revenue for the country and opportunity for community development.

scholarly journals The politics of local government environmental evaluations: Assessing bureaucracy in post-Reformasi Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Laila Alfirdaus ◽  
S. Rouli Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Sensitive Issues

This article argues that bureaucracy plays politics in Indonesia, not only during the electoral periods, but also in public service. Using the case of environmental evaluation in local government, where natural resources comprise most of the local economy, this article discusses the politics of bureaucracy in undergoing daily governing processes. The environment and natural resource businesses are two opposing fields. Environmental evaluation becomes a contentious area and is usually highly political. This article identifies the bureaucracy’s politicisation in environmental evaluation as occuring in at least in two forms—in measurement and in project implementation. In terms of measurement, bureaucracy tends to use minimum standards, while in project implementation, there are some occasions where bureaucracy tends to sub-contract the work to the third party, usually NGOs, especially in relations to sensitive issues, so that it is politically safer for them, once the result is not as pleasing as expected. This article uses some cases in Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Java, and Bangka Belitung, and applied case study as research approach.

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