scholarly journals In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmi Irmayanti Azzahra ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah ◽  
Diny Dinarti ◽  
Krisantini Krisantini
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production.  In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined following intermittent (split dose) Gamma irradiation with a two-hour gap between each gamma ray shot. Red genotype E. elatior explants were irradiated with dose of 3 + 3 Gy (LD20); 4 + 4 Gy (LD35) and 5 + 5 Gy (LD50); white genotype were irradiated with a dose of 2 + 2 Gy (LD20); 2.8 + 2.8 Gy (LD35) and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy (LD50). Non-irradiated explants were set as control.  The results of this study indicated that the increase in dose of gamma ray irradiation changed shoot length and number of leaves in the red genotype per explant as compared to control. Morphological changes occurred in leaf shape at 5 + 5 Gy and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy and formation of variegated leaves at 2.8 + 2.8 Gy and 5 + 5 Gy. Keywords: mutation breeding, ornamental plant, split irradiation dose, torch ginger, Zingiberaceae

scholarly journals Potential of Mutation Breeding to Sustain Food Security

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arain Saima Mir ◽  
Meer Maria ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Sial Mahboob Ali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Heritable Change

Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic material of living organism. Spontaneous mutation, the natural process that develops new allele copies of a gene was the only source of genetic diversity until the 20th century. Besides, mutations can also be induced artificially using physical or chemical mutagens. Chemical mutations received popularity due to its efficiency in creating gene mutations contrary to chromosomal changes. Mutation has played a vital role in the improvement of crop productivity and quality, resultantly > 3,000 varieties of 175 plant species have been developed either through direct or indirect induced mutation breeding approaches worldwide. The advances in plant breeding also achieved through molecular marker technology. The in vitro mutagenesis, heavy-ion beam, and space mutation breeding are being efficiently used to create genetic variability to improve various complicated traits in crop plants. In mutation breeding, TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes), a more advanced molecular technique is being used to identify specific sequential genomic changes in mutant plants. Therefore, the mutation breeding in combination with molecular techniques could be an efficient tool in plant breeding programs. This chapter will discuss and review the mutation breeding application for the improvement of crop productivity and environmental stresses.

scholarly journals The high frequency of variegated forms after in vitro mutagenesis in Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gaj ◽  
Małgorzata D. Gaj
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Saintpaulia Ionantha ◽  
Treated Culture ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Different Doses

The leaf-explants of <em>Saintpaulia ionantha</em> Wendl. var.'miniature' were treated by different doses of MNH and cultured on shoot regeneration medium. A strong toxic effect of some MNH doses on explant survival during the first two subcultures was noticed. The explants surviving treatment regenerated shoots with the efficiency comparable to the control. The high number of shoots regenerated from mutagenised leaves showed chlorophyll chimerism (so-called variegated forms). The use of 5 mM MNH for 1.5 or 2 h was found very effective, as 100% of survived explants regenerated variegated shoots. Besides hundreds of variegated forms also leaf-shape and flower-colour variants were observed in MNH-treated culture. Somaclonal variation was not observed in the control culture. The results indicate the great efficiency of <em>in vitro</em> applied MNH for in-duction of morphological variants of Saintpaulia, and especially variegated forms.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Mutasi Fisik Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Keragaman Genetik dan Penampilan Coleus blumei

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Eny Rolenti Togatorop ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah ◽  
M. Rizal M. Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Fractionated Irradiation ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Putative Mutant ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Mutation breeding such as gamma ray irradiation is one of strategy to increase genetic variability. The aim of this research was to indentify genetic variability, performance changes and to obtain putative mutant of Coleus blumei purple/green through gamma ray irradiation. The experiment design used was Randomized Complete Block with single factor and three replications. The gamma ray irradiation was given to shoot cuttings of C. blumei by fractionated irradiation dose: 0 Gy (control), 20+20 Gy, 22.5+22.5 Gy, 25+25 Gy and 27.5+27.5 Gy. The irradiated shoot cuttings were planted in field until MV3 generation. The result of this research showed that gamma ray irradiation on C.blumei purple/green produced the high genetic variability on number of leaves and number of branches i.e. 58.48% and 74.02% by 25+25 Gy dose and number of branches by 20+20 Gy and 22.5+22.5 Gy dose i.e. 53.47% and 68.97% respectively. Physically induced mutation by gamma ray irradiation produced 5 putative mutants respectively on colour and pattern of leaf changes in the following plants: 20+20.5, 20+20.7, 22.5+22.5.8, 25+25.5 and 25+25.8.<br />Keywords: fractionated irradiation, mutagen, ornamental plant, putative mutan, shoot cutting</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Pemuliaan mutasi dengan iradiasi sinar gamma merupakan salah satu cara dalam meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik, perubahan penampilan dan mendapatkan mutan putatif pada tanaman Coleus blumei ungu/hijau melalui iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan 3 ulangan. Iradiasi sinar gamma diberikan terhadap stek pucuk C. blumei ungu/hijau dengan dosis terbagi yaitu: 0 Gy (kontrol), 20+20 Gy, 22.5+22.5 Gy, 25+25 Gy dan 27.5+27.5 Gy. Semua tanaman hasil iradiasi ditanam di lapangan sampai generasi MV3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian iradiasi sinar gamma pada C. blumei ungu/hijau menghasilkan keragaman genetik yang cukup tinggi pada karakter jumlah daun dan jumlah cabang dengan nilai KKG masing-masing 58.48% dan 74.02% pada dosis 25+25 Gy serta karakter jumlah cabang dengan nilai KKG 53.47% dan 68.97% masing-masing pada dosis 20+20 gy dan 22.5+22.5 Gy. Mutasi induksi fisik dengan iradiasi sinar gamma pada C. blumei ungu/hijau<br />menghasilkan 5 mutan putatif berdasarkan perubahan warna dan corak daun yaitu pada tanaman: 20+20.5, 20+20.7, 22.5+22.5.8, 25+25.5 dan 25+25.8.<br />Kata kunci: iradiasi terbagi, mutagen, mutan putatif, stek pucuk, tanaman hias</p>

scholarly journals In vitro mutagenesis in anthurium induced by colchicine

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel López-Martínez ◽  
◽  
Alejandrina Robledo-Paz ◽  
Luis Antonio Flores-Hernández ◽  
Tarsicio Corona-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

Developing new varieties of anthurium by hybridization can take 8-10 years; therefore, induced mutagenesis can be an alternative strategy to hybridization. The objective of this work was to induce mutations in A. andreanum by exposing explants obtained from vitroplants to colchicine. Explants of leaves, nodes and roots obtained from vitroplants were exposed to 0.1 % colchicine for 0, 2, 3 and 4 h. The mean lethal dose (LD50), survival, number of explants that generated callus, number of explants that formed shoots and the number of shoots per explant were evaluated. The karyotype of the presumed mutated regenerated plants was determined by the root apex squash technique. The leaves showed the highest sensitivity to cochicine. The survival of the root explants treated with colchicine was 100 %; 4 % of roots exposed for 2 and 3 h formed adventitious shoots (120 shoots). For nodes, the LD50 was found at 3.98 h; 76 and 56 % of the nodes cultivated for 2 and 3 h with colchicine formed adventitious shoots (4.4 and 3.6 shoots). The plants regenerated from the explants exposed to colchicine showed morphological changes. The chromosomal number of the regenerated vitroplants from the explants exposed for 2 and 3 h to colchicine was 2n = 29, while that of those obtained from the explants that remained on the colchicine for 4 h was 2n = 31. The sensitivity to colchicine was a function of the type of explant and the dose used. Colchicine caused the loss (monosomy) or gain of chromosomes (trisomy).

scholarly journals In vitro mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior (Jack) and early detection of mutation using RAPD markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fahmi YUNUS ◽  
Maheran Abd AZIZ ◽  
Mihdzar Abdul KADIR ◽  
Siti Khalijah DAUD ◽  
Azmi Abdul RASHID
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

scholarly journals Frequency, Spectrum, and Stability of Leaf Mutants Induced by Diverse γ-Ray Treatments in Two Cymbidium Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
Se Won Kim ◽  
Joon-Woo Ahn ◽  
Jaihyunk Ryu ◽  
Soon-Jae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
The Stability

Ionizing radiation combined with in vitro tissue culture has been used for development of new cultivars in diverse crops. The effects of ionizing radiation on mutation induction have been analyzed on several orchid species, including Cymbidium. Limited information is available on the comparison of mutation frequency and spectrum based on phenotypes in Cymbidium species. In addition, the stability of induced chimera mutants in Cymbidium is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the radiation sensitivity, mutation frequency, and spectrum of mutants induced by diverse γ-ray treatments, and analyzed the stability of induced chimera mutants in the Cymbidium hybrid cultivars RB003 and RB012. The optimal γ-irradiation conditions of each cultivar differed as follows: RB003, mutation frequency of 4.06% (under 35 Gy/4 h); RB012, 1.51% (20 Gy/1 h). Re-irradiation of γ-rays broadened the mutation spectrum observed in RB012. The stability of leaf-color chimera mutants was higher than that of leaf-shape chimeras, and stability was dependent on the chimera type and location of a mutation in the cell layers of the shoot apical meristem. These results indicated that short-term γ-irradiation was more effective to induce mutations in Cymbidium. Information on the stability of chimera mutants will be useful for mutation breeding of diverse ornamental plants.

scholarly journals PERAKITAN VARIETAS JERUK TANPA BIJI MELALUI PEMULIAAN KONVENSONAL DAN NONKONVENSIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Kosmiatin ◽  
Ali Husni
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Endosperm Culture ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Citrus Spp

<p>Existence of seeds in the citrus fruit, becomes a major problem that it cannot be received by consumer, even though the fruits has a good taste. Citrus breeders have long been conducting research to improvement of seedless cultivars with the diverse approach. Breeding’s strategies to gain seedless character covering conventional and non-conventional techniques. Conventional technique develop through controlled sexual or interploidi crossing. Seedless character transfer by sexual crossing technique have to do trough manipulate of crossing technique to gain seedless progeny. Crossing technique manipulate through environment manipulation, application of plant growth regulators, parent’s selections and embryo rescue. Non-conventional technique to seedless improvement cover to embryo rescue, endosperm culture, in vitro mutagenesis, inter species and inter ploidi somatic hybridization, cybrid production, and develop of GMO. Current breeding to improve seedless citrus done by ploidy manipulation approach with the target is triploid plant which produce seedless. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development- IAARD have succeeded registering varieties of seedless citrus, Pamindo Agrihorti (2016) and SoE86 Agrihorti (2017), which resulted from mutation breeding. Furthermore there are also various line of triploid citrus and citrus obtained through protoplast fusion and being adaptation tested at lowland and highland.</p><p>Keywords: Citrus spp., seedless, plant improvement, conventional, biotechnology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Jeruk dengan biji yang banyak kurang disukai konsumen meskipun rasanya manis. Para pemulia sudah sejak lama melakukan pemuliaan tanaman jeruk untuk mendapatkan kultivar dengan buah tanpa biji (seedless). Strategi pemuliaan yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan buah jeruk seedless meliputi penerapan teknik konvensional dan nonkonvensional. Teknik konvensional dikembangkan melalui persilangan seksual terkontrol atau persilangan interploidi. Pemindahan karakter seedless dengan teknik persilangan seksual harus dilakukan dengan memanipulasi teknik persilangan untuk mendapatkan progeni yang berkarakter seedless. Manipulasi teknik persilangan dilakukan dengan modifikasi lingkungan, aplikasi ZPT, pemilihan tetua yang tepat dan penyelamatan embrio. Teknik nonkonvensional yang telah dilakukan dalam pemuliaan jeruk seedless meliputi penyelamatan embrio, kultur endosperma, mutagenesis in vitro, hibridisasi somatik interspesifik dan interploidi, produksi sibrid, serta perakitan tanaman transgenik. Saat ini pemuliaan untuk mendapatkan tanaman jeruk dengan karakter seedless banyak dilakukan melalui pendekatan manipulasi ploidi dengan target diperolehnya tanaman triploid yang akan menghasilkan buah seedless. Balitbangtan sudah berhasil mendaftarkan varietas jeruk tanpa biji, Pamindo Agrihorti (2016) dan SoE86 Agrihorti (2017), yang dihasilkan melalui pemuliaan mutasi. Selain itu juga telah diperoleh beberapa galur jeruk triploid dan jeruk hasil fusiprotoplas yang sedang diujiadaptasikan di dataran rendah dan tinggi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Citrus spp, tanpa biji, perakitan tanaman, konvensional, bioteknologi</p>

scholarly journals Optimization of gamma ray irradiation dose on strawberry plantlets

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
D Saptadi ◽  
H Arisah ◽  
D Agisimanto
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

Abstract As a commodity that is cultivated vegetatively, strawberries have a relatively low genetic diversity. One effort to increase the diversity of strawberries and genetic quality improvement can be made by using gamma-ray radiation. In vitro explant of strawberry cv Early Bright were radiated with Gamma-ray P3TIR BATAN facility. Starting with a radiosensitivity test to find out Lethal Dose (LD) 50 with dosage level; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 Gy. LD50 observations were carried out to get the optimal dose. The treatment of several doses of gamma-ray radiation showed varied results, with the percentage of explants living decrease by increasing the dose of irradiation. Irradiation dose until 10 Gy did not affect the survival rate of explant—the treatment dose of 80 Gy and above causes 100% mortality on the final observation. The dose of 60 Gy had a significant effect on shoot growth, as indicated by curly leaves' growth. The next optimal dose recommended for radiation is set at 20 and 30 Gy to anticipate genetic changes that are not morphologically expressed and to avoid the negative effects of morphological changes.

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