scholarly journals PERAKITAN VARIETAS JERUK TANPA BIJI MELALUI PEMULIAAN KONVENSONAL DAN NONKONVENSIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Kosmiatin ◽  
Ali Husni
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Endosperm Culture ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Citrus Spp

<p>Existence of seeds in the citrus fruit, becomes a major problem that it cannot be received by consumer, even though the fruits has a good taste. Citrus breeders have long been conducting research to improvement of seedless cultivars with the diverse approach. Breeding’s strategies to gain seedless character covering conventional and non-conventional techniques. Conventional technique develop through controlled sexual or interploidi crossing. Seedless character transfer by sexual crossing technique have to do trough manipulate of crossing technique to gain seedless progeny. Crossing technique manipulate through environment manipulation, application of plant growth regulators, parent’s selections and embryo rescue. Non-conventional technique to seedless improvement cover to embryo rescue, endosperm culture, in vitro mutagenesis, inter species and inter ploidi somatic hybridization, cybrid production, and develop of GMO. Current breeding to improve seedless citrus done by ploidy manipulation approach with the target is triploid plant which produce seedless. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development- IAARD have succeeded registering varieties of seedless citrus, Pamindo Agrihorti (2016) and SoE86 Agrihorti (2017), which resulted from mutation breeding. Furthermore there are also various line of triploid citrus and citrus obtained through protoplast fusion and being adaptation tested at lowland and highland.</p><p>Keywords: Citrus spp., seedless, plant improvement, conventional, biotechnology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Jeruk dengan biji yang banyak kurang disukai konsumen meskipun rasanya manis. Para pemulia sudah sejak lama melakukan pemuliaan tanaman jeruk untuk mendapatkan kultivar dengan buah tanpa biji (seedless). Strategi pemuliaan yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan buah jeruk seedless meliputi penerapan teknik konvensional dan nonkonvensional. Teknik konvensional dikembangkan melalui persilangan seksual terkontrol atau persilangan interploidi. Pemindahan karakter seedless dengan teknik persilangan seksual harus dilakukan dengan memanipulasi teknik persilangan untuk mendapatkan progeni yang berkarakter seedless. Manipulasi teknik persilangan dilakukan dengan modifikasi lingkungan, aplikasi ZPT, pemilihan tetua yang tepat dan penyelamatan embrio. Teknik nonkonvensional yang telah dilakukan dalam pemuliaan jeruk seedless meliputi penyelamatan embrio, kultur endosperma, mutagenesis in vitro, hibridisasi somatik interspesifik dan interploidi, produksi sibrid, serta perakitan tanaman transgenik. Saat ini pemuliaan untuk mendapatkan tanaman jeruk dengan karakter seedless banyak dilakukan melalui pendekatan manipulasi ploidi dengan target diperolehnya tanaman triploid yang akan menghasilkan buah seedless. Balitbangtan sudah berhasil mendaftarkan varietas jeruk tanpa biji, Pamindo Agrihorti (2016) dan SoE86 Agrihorti (2017), yang dihasilkan melalui pemuliaan mutasi. Selain itu juga telah diperoleh beberapa galur jeruk triploid dan jeruk hasil fusiprotoplas yang sedang diujiadaptasikan di dataran rendah dan tinggi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Citrus spp, tanpa biji, perakitan tanaman, konvensional, bioteknologi</p>

scholarly journals In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmi Irmayanti Azzahra ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah ◽  
Diny Dinarti ◽  
Krisantini Krisantini
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production.  In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined following intermittent (split dose) Gamma irradiation with a two-hour gap between each gamma ray shot. Red genotype E. elatior explants were irradiated with dose of 3 + 3 Gy (LD20); 4 + 4 Gy (LD35) and 5 + 5 Gy (LD50); white genotype were irradiated with a dose of 2 + 2 Gy (LD20); 2.8 + 2.8 Gy (LD35) and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy (LD50). Non-irradiated explants were set as control.  The results of this study indicated that the increase in dose of gamma ray irradiation changed shoot length and number of leaves in the red genotype per explant as compared to control. Morphological changes occurred in leaf shape at 5 + 5 Gy and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy and formation of variegated leaves at 2.8 + 2.8 Gy and 5 + 5 Gy. Keywords: mutation breeding, ornamental plant, split irradiation dose, torch ginger, Zingiberaceae

scholarly journals Potential of Mutation Breeding to Sustain Food Security

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arain Saima Mir ◽  
Meer Maria ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Sial Mahboob Ali
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Heritable Change

Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic material of living organism. Spontaneous mutation, the natural process that develops new allele copies of a gene was the only source of genetic diversity until the 20th century. Besides, mutations can also be induced artificially using physical or chemical mutagens. Chemical mutations received popularity due to its efficiency in creating gene mutations contrary to chromosomal changes. Mutation has played a vital role in the improvement of crop productivity and quality, resultantly > 3,000 varieties of 175 plant species have been developed either through direct or indirect induced mutation breeding approaches worldwide. The advances in plant breeding also achieved through molecular marker technology. The in vitro mutagenesis, heavy-ion beam, and space mutation breeding are being efficiently used to create genetic variability to improve various complicated traits in crop plants. In mutation breeding, TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes), a more advanced molecular technique is being used to identify specific sequential genomic changes in mutant plants. Therefore, the mutation breeding in combination with molecular techniques could be an efficient tool in plant breeding programs. This chapter will discuss and review the mutation breeding application for the improvement of crop productivity and environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Embryo Rescue Techniques to Generate Variation in Citrus Crops

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 695e-696
Author(s):  
Fred G. Gmitter ◽  
Jude W. Grosser
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Citrus Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Improvement ◽  
Unfertilized Ovules ◽  
Important Objective

Although no longer as glamorous as it was a few decades past, the routine application of embryo rescue techniques, leading to plant recovery, is a valuable tool for citrus cultivar improvement. Embryo rescue approaches can be used to generate useful variation or to capture various kinds of spontaneous genetic variation. Embryo rescue, by in vitro culture of undeveloped, and presumably unfertilized, ovules in colchicine-supplemented media is a practical method of producing tetraploid clones, which are used then in crosses with diploids to produce seedless triploid hybrids. This same approach, i.e., in vitro culture of undeveloped ovules, is also used to recover plants from chimeric sectored fruit exhibiting economically important mutations for fruit characteristics, and for producing potentially variant somaclones. Seedlessness is an important objective for fresh citrus fruit cultivar improvement, and triploidy following 2x × 4x hybridizations is one approach being exploited for this objective. When monoembryonic diploid seed parents are crossed with tetraploid pollen parents, however, normal seed development is not usually possible. Embryos must be excised from abortive seeds fairly early in development and cultured appropriately to ensure the recovery of sufficient numbers of 3x offspring from these crosses, to increase the likelihood of identifying superior seedless hybrids. These applications will be described in some detail, and progress toward breeding objectives are highlighted.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Ovaries of Chrysanthemum Irradiated with High-Energy Photons and High-Energy Electrons Can Regenerate Plants with Novel Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Natalia Miler ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Seweryn Jakubowski ◽  
Janusz Winiecki
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
High Energy Electrons

Classical mutation breeding using physical factors is a common breeding method for ornamental crops. The aim of our study was to examine the utility of ovaries excised from irradiated inflorescences of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) as explants for breeding purposes. We studied the in vitro regeneration capacity of the ovaries of two chrysanthemum cultivars: ‘Profesor Jerzy’ and ‘Karolina’ preceded by irradiation with high-energy photons (total dose 5, 10 and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (total dose 10 Gy). Growth and inflorescence parameters of greenhouse acclimatized regenerants were recorded, and ploidy level was estimated with flow cytometry. The strong impact of genotype on regeneration efficiency was recorded—cultivar ‘Karolina’ produced only 7 viable shoots, while ‘Profesor Jerzy’ produced totally 428 shoots. With an increase of irradiation dose, the regeneration decreased, the least responsive were explants irradiated with 15 Gy high-energy photons and 10 Gy high-energy electrons. Regenerants of ‘Profesor Jerzy’ obtained from these explants possessed shorter stem and flowered later. The highest number of stable, color and shape inflorescence variations were obtained from explants treated with 10 Gy high-energy photons. Variations of inflorescences were predominantly changes of shape—from full to semi-full. New color phenotypes were dark yellow, light yellow and pinkish, among them only the dark yellow phenotype remained stable during second year cultivation. None of the regenerants were haploid. The application of ovaries irradiated within the whole inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be successfully applied in the breeding programs, provided the mother cultivar regenerate in vitro efficiently.

scholarly journals Suppressor Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gene REC104 Reveals a Genetic Interaction With REC102

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Salem ◽  
Natalie Walter ◽  
Robert Malone
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Conditional Mutations ◽  
Suppressor Analysis

Abstract REC104 is a gene required for the initiation of meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To better understand the role of REC104 in meiosis, we used an in vitro mutagenesis technique to create a set of temperature-conditional mutations in REC104 and used one ts allele (rec104-8) in a screen for highcopy suppressors. An increased dosage of the early exchange gene REC102 was found to suppress the conditional recombinational reduction in rec104-8 as well as in several other conditional rec104 alleles. However, no suppression was observed for a null allele of REC104, indicating that the suppression by REC102 is not “bypass” suppression. Overexpression of the early meiotic genes REC114, RAD50, HOP1, and RED1 fails to suppress any of the rec104 conditional alleles, indicating that the suppression might be specific to REC102.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Naringenin: A Citrus Fruit Polyphenol

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and is associated with personal health and global economic burdens. Current strategies/approaches of insulin resistance and T2DM prevention and treatment are lacking in efficacy resulting in the need for new preventative and targeted therapies. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in vegetables and fruits are associated with health benefits including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of naringenin.

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