scholarly journals Lessons Learnt from Interregional and Interagency Collaboration in Polio Outbreak Response in the Horn of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Samuel Okiror ◽  
Brigitte Toure ◽  
Bob Davis ◽  
Rustum Hydarov ◽  
Bal Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Interagency Collaboration ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Resources Sharing

Following the outbreak of poliovirus in the countries in the Horn of Africa, Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia, in two WHO regions, an outbreak response involving the WHO Africa and WHO East and Mediterranean Regions and partner agencies like the UNICEF in East and Southern African was developed. This paper documents response to polio virus outbreak in the Horn of Africa and the lessons learnt for the interregional and inter-agency collaboration on the response. This collaboration led to speedy interruption of the outbreak and within a period of one year the total virus load of 217 in 2013 was brought down to mere six. This resulted from collaborative planning and implementation of activities to boost the hitherto low immunity in the countries andimprove surveillance among others. A number of lesson were generated from the process. Some of the lessons is critical role such collaboration plays in ensuring simultaneous immunity boosting, information and resources sharing, among other. Some challenges were equally encountered, chiefly in the appropriation of authorities. In conclusion, however, one is safe to note that the collaboration was very fruitful given the timely interruption of transmission.

scholarly journals Critical Role of p53 and K-ras in the Diagnosis of Early Colorectal Cancer: a One-year, Single-center Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Lu ◽  
Ri-Tian Lin ◽  
Guang-Xi Zhou ◽  
Tian-Ming Yu ◽  
Zhan-Ju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Single Center ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals How Do Nascent Social Entrepreneurs Respond to Rewards? A Field Experiment on Motivations in a Grant Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Ganguli ◽  
Marieke Huysentruyt ◽  
Chloé Le Coq
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

We conducted a field experiment to identify the causal effect of extrinsic reward cues on the sorting and performance of nascent social entrepreneurs. The experiment, carried out with one of the United Kingdom’s largest support agencies for social entrepreneurs, encouraged 431 nascent social entrepreneurs to submit a full application for a grant competition that provides cash and in-kind mentoring through a one-time mailing sent by the agency. The applicants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one group received a standard mailing that emphasized the intrinsic incentives of the program, or the opportunity to do good (Social treatment), and the other two groups received a mailing that instead emphasized the extrinsic incentives—either the financial reward (Cash treatment) or the in-kind reward (Support treatment). Our results show that an emphasis on extrinsic incentives has a causal impact on sorting into the applicant pool: the extrinsic reward cues led fewer candidates to apply and “crowded out” the more prosocial candidates while “crowding in” the more money-oriented ones. The extrinsic reward cues also increased application effort, which led these candidates to be more successful in receiving the grant. Yet the selection resulting from the extrinsic incentive cues led to worse performance at the end of the one-year grant period. Our results highlight the critical role of intrinsic motives in the selection and performance of social enterprises and suggest that using extrinsic incentives to promote the development of successful social enterprises may backfire in the longer run. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.

scholarly journals The effect of job stress and job motivation on employees’ performance through job satisfaction (A study at PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk. Surabaya - Gempol branch)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noermijati Noermijati ◽  
Diana Primasari
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Married Female

Job stress and motivation has a critical role to enhance female employee performance. The research attempts to analyze the direct effect of job stress and motivation on employee performance, and indirect effect of job stress and motivation on employee performance through job satisfaction. This research involves 108 married female employees, with minimal one year working period, as the population and respondents (census sampling). Using Path analysis, it was found that job stress have significant negative effect on employee performance. Motivation has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Job stress does not have an effect on job satisfaction. Motivation significantly positive influences job satisfaction. Job satisfaction significantly influences employee performance. Job stress does not have indirect effect on employee performance through job satisfaction. Motivation has an indirect effect on employee performance through job satisfaction. Motivation has the most important role to enhance employee performance. As an implication, company must give more attention and enhance employee motivation, especially on fulfilling self actualization need.

scholarly journals Evaluating Implementation of the Behavioral Recovery Outreach (BRO) Team: One Year of Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Jenefer Jedele ◽  
Cameron Griffin ◽  
Kathleen Matthews ◽  
Latrice Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavioral Recovery ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Community Facility ◽  
Implementation And Dissemination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We present evaluation results after one year of implementation by nine BRO Teams. Monthly checklists documented consistent composition across teams: a psychologist, social worker and nurse. Social workers were recognized as having a critical role in implementation, serving as a referral source and liaison between the CLC, Veteran/family, and community facility. Early implementation focused on team and program development with barriers including unprotected time for Team members. In the first year, the nine teams enrolled 70 Veterans, discharging 86% to community facilities. Characteristics of the Veterans suggest Teams are reaching the complex Veteran targeted by the model. Barriers to successful discharge include community facility inexperience/training and confidence to manage complex residents. COVID emerged as the leading barrier to outreach to internal and external partners and providing transitional support to the Veteran after discharge. We discuss the impact of these preliminary findings on future implementation and dissemination of the model.

scholarly journals Optimizing one-dose and two-dose cholera vaccine allocation in outbreak settings: A modeling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Leung ◽  
Julia Eaton ◽  
Laura Matrajt
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: A global stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was established in 2013 for use in outbreak response and are licensed as two-dose regimens. Vaccine availability, however, remains limited. Previous studies have found that a single dose of OCV may provide substantial protection against cholera. Methods: Using a mathematical model with two age groups paired with optimization algorithms, we determine the optimal vaccination strategy with one and two doses of vaccine to minimize cumulative overall infections, symptomatic infections, and deaths. We explore counterfactual vaccination scenarios in three distinct settings: Maela, the largest refugee camp in Thailand, with high in- and out-migration; N'Djamena, Chad, a densely populated region; and Haiti, where departments are connected by rivers and roads. Results: Over the short term under limited vaccine supply, the optimal strategies for all objectives prioritize one dose to the older age group (over five years old), irrespective of setting and level of vaccination coverage. As more vaccine becomes available, it is optimal to administer a second dose for long-term protection. With enough vaccine to cover the whole population with one dose, the optimal strategies can avert up to 30% to 90% of deaths and 36% to 92% of symptomatic infections across the three settings over one year. The one-dose optimal strategies can avert 1.2 to 1.8 times as many cases and deaths as a two-dose pro-rata strategy. Conclusions: In an outbreak setting, speedy vaccination campaigns with a single dose of OCV may avert more cases and deaths than a two-dose pro-rata campaign under a limited vaccine supply.

scholarly journals Associations of Arginine with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Follow-Up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7811
Author(s):  
Izabela Burzynska-Pedziwiatr ◽  
Adrian Jankowski ◽  
Konrad Kowalski ◽  
Przemyslaw Sendys ◽  
Andrzej Zieleniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
One Year

In the reported study we applied the targeted metabolomic profiling employing high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) to understand the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), early identification of women who are at risk of developing GDM, and the differences in recovery postpartum between these women and normoglycemic women. We profiled the peripheral blood from patients during the second trimester of pregnancy and three months, and one year postpartum. In the GDM group Arg, Gln, His, Met, Phe and Ser were downregulated with statistical significance in comparison to normoglycemic (NGT) women. From the analysis of the association of all amino acid profiles of GDM and NGT women, several statistical models predicting diabetic status were formulated and compared with the literature, with the arginine-based model as the most promising of the screened ones (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.749). Our research results have shed light on the critical role of arginine in the development of GDM and may help in precisely distinguishing between GDM and NGT and earlier detection of GDM but also in predicting women with the increased type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk.

Leveraging Polio GIS platforms in the African Region for mitigating Covid-19 contact tracing challenges (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Ubong Akpan ◽  
Isah Mohammed Bello ◽  
Kebba Touray ◽  
Reuben Ngofa ◽  
Daniel Oyaole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
African Region ◽  
Health Crisis

BACKGROUND The growth of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Africa is an urgent public health crisis. Estimated models project over 150,000 deaths and 4,600,000 hospitalizations in the first year of disease in the absence of adequate interventions. Electronic contact tracing, therefore, offers a critical role in decreasing COVID-19 transmission; yet if not conducted properly can rapidly become a bottleneck for synchronized data collection, case detection, and case management. While the continent is currently reporting relatively low COVID-19 cases, digitized contact tracing mechanisms are necessary for standardizing real-time reporting of new chains of infection to quickly reverse growing trends and halt the pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is describing an effective contact tracing smartphone app developed with expertise and experience gained from the numerous digital apps that the Polio programme has used to successfully support disease surveillance and immunization assessment in the African Region. A secondary objective is to describe how we leveraged Polio GIS resources to enhance existing contact tracing solutions to be more efficient through the connection to real-time data visualization platforms. METHODS We propose the use of a hybrid Open Data Kit (ODK) electronic COVID-19 contact registra- tion form that automates contacts and follow-ups. A proof-of-concept form on ODK has been developed that integrates collected contact tracing information from multiple platforms to generate an interactive regional dashboard to monitor the COVID-19 response. Analytics outputs extrapolate key outbreak response indi- cators such as timeliness, completeness and outcomes of contact tracing including new positive cases. This system allows multiple outbreak outputs to be monitored including sources of new infection for immediate response with minimal disruption to existing contact tracing tools. RESULTS Standardized electronic registration of COVID-19 contacts and follow-up using ODK has en- hanced monitoring of contact tracing. Countries and communities have increased their capacity to track COVID-19 cases and contacts in the general population quickly based on the onset of signs or symptoms. Registered contacts for contact tracing are matched to their respective cases more efficiently and for con- tacts that can engage in self-reporting, the anonymity of self-reporting. The country-specific results suggest that higher adoption rates of the tools may result in better quality data on the pandemic and elicited better decisions for a response. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed contact tracing solution which uses ODK based tools on smartphones and visualization bridge systems presents a scalable and easy to implement solution, that collects and aggregates good quality contact data with geographic information that can help make spatial based decisions and preserves privacy while demonstrating the potential to help make better decisions in response to an epidemic or pandemic outbreak. This application has been applied to the current COVID-19 pandemic and can also be used for other epidemics or pandemics in the future, to achieve quality data collection for better decision making.

Tutoring Journal Club as an Imperative Scholastic Maneuver : A Local Probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoja Shafti
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chief Resident ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Journal Clubs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: while journal clubs are a time-honored method of reviewing and discussing the scientific literature in medicine, hitherto there is no universally accepted definition of that. Purpose of the present study involved a comparison between instructive values of meetings that are directed by an authentic faculty member in comparison with conferences that are usually coached by chief residents. Methods: Forty-two psychiatric residents (from two psychiatric training centers) have been quizzed about the intentions, principles or importance of journal club. Both of said colleges had comparable settings, conferences and alike standard psychiatric journals. In one of them the papers were chosen usually by chief resident, who was as well coordinator of the conferences, while in the other one, articles were chosen habitually by a faculty member, as director and coordinator of sessions. After at least one year of attending in associated sessions, all the participants were asked to answer incognito to a Survey Questionnaire, including 23 questions, involved multiple answers, with different Coding Categories. Analysis of data was performed by way of ‘Comparison of Proportions’. Quantities in each group, as well, were analyzed in line with percentage of responds to different Coding Categories. Significance was defined as P≤0.05. Results: While all participants replied questionnaires, significant difference was evident between two groups regarding their response to at least twelve questions. Judgment of residents were generally and remarkably different with regard to : ‘goals’ , ‘format’ ,’necessity of attendance’ ,’quality of participation of faculty’ , ‘educational value of core curriculum of journal club’, ‘its critical role with regard to research and appraisal of topics ‘, and in conclusion ‘as a resource for continuous education’. Conclusion: While journal club formats are educationally diverse and appear to be more effective if they have a leader, disciplined organization of journal club by a skilled faculty member may enhance scientific insight and instructive gratifications of apprentices.

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