In vitro Anticoccidial, Antioxidant Activities and Biochemical Screening of Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Selected Plants

Avian coccidiosis, a protozoan parasitic disease caused by genus Eimeria. Due to emergence of drug resistant Eimeria species, this study was aimed to evaluate anticoccidial potentials of Ficus racemosa, Cassia fistula and Syzygium cumini leaves extracts. In vitro anticoccidial efficacy of extracts was evaluated by oocysts sporulation inhibition and sporozoites viability inhibition assays of mixed Eimeria species oocysts. The set up was examined after 48hrs of incubation. DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity were used for the evaluation of antioxidant potential of extracts. Among tested extracts maximum oocysts sporulation inhibition 86.81±2.35% and sporozoites viability inhibition was 86.73±1.67% at concentration 30 mg/ml of C. fistula methanolic leaves extract against E. mitis and E. tenella respectively. Highest radical scavenging capacity 67.82±0.00 and reducing power 2.17±0.01 was shown by F. racemosa and C. fistula methanolic leaves extract respectively. Maximum total antioxidant power was observed in C. fistula 30.95±0.35 and F. racemosa 21.93±1.41µg/mg methanolic leaves extracts. Antioxidant compounds including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates etc. were detected through biochemical screening of selected plants extracts. The maximum amount of phenols 32.50±0.00µg/ml and flavonoids 40.00±1.00µg/ml were recorded in C. fistula methanolic extracts. It is concluded that selected plants methanolic extracts possess best anticoccidial and antioxidant activities due to presence of medicinally important phytochemicals. Further research is needed for identification and isolation of anticoccidial active compounds from these plants that can be used in the formulation of drugs against coccidiosis

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Evaluation of antioxidant activities of saffron stigma and spath as by-product of Crocus sativus L

MOJ Biology and Medicine ◽

10.15406/mojbm.2018.03.00091 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Lahmass I ◽

Ouahhoud S ◽

Elyoubi M ◽

Benabbas R ◽

Sabouni A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Crocus Sativus L

The present study aimed to estimate and compare, using in vitro assays, the antioxidant activities of alcoholic extracts of saffron stigma and spath as by-products of the saffron crop. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using in vitro assays such as total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical, Scavenging of H2O2, FRAP and β-carotene bleaching assay. The results allowed us to evidence the presence of products with antioxidant and bioactive capacities in spaths and stigmas of Crocus sativus. The response of each extract depends on the type of the test. Extract from spaths protect β-carotene from bleaching more than the extract of stigmas and extract from stigmas revealed a significant reducing power activity than that of spaths. As a result, we can consider these extracts especially that of spaths like a new source of antioxidant compounds.

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Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of Herniaria hirsuta from Morocco

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2018/7470384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenza Ammor ◽

Dalila Bousta ◽

Sanae Jennan ◽

Bahia Bennani ◽

Abdellah Chaqroune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. Flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins content were performed for both extracts. It shows higher content in the hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant activity for the three methods studies to the aqueous extract, but nonsignificant results compared to the reference (BHT). However, both extracts have negative effect on the strains studies for the antibacterial activity.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii Harms., Vernonia lasiopus O. Hoffm., and Acacia hockii De Wild

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/3586268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Beatrice Muthoni Guchu ◽

Alex King’ori Machocho ◽

Stephen Kiruthi Mwihia ◽

Mathew Piero Ngugi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Oxidative stress is the result of the disparity between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in an organism, and it is important in the pathogenesis of several degenerative disorders, such as arthritis, Alzheimer’s, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Free radicals can damage biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates, and the DNA leading to mutations. The use of antioxidants is effective in delaying the oxidation of biomolecules. Antioxidants are complexes found in the food that can retard or deter oxidation by preventing the initiation and propagation of oxidizing chain reactions. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries by man to manage diseases and have a host of antioxidant complexes. Traditionally, Caesalpinia volkensii, Vernonia lasiopus, and Acacia hockii have folkloric remedies against associated oxidative stress-mediated complications. However, the upsurge in its use has not been accompanied by scientific validations to support these claims. In this study, in vitro antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia volkensii, Vernonia lasiopus, and Acacia hockii collected from Embu County (Kenya) were determined by radical scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical in addition to ferric reducing antioxidant power analyzed against that of L-ascorbic acid as the standard. The obtained results revealed remarkable antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts as evidenced by the low IC50 and EC50 values. These antioxidant activities could be due to the presence of antioxidants phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and saponins among others. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of this plant could be due to their antioxidant properties. This study recommends bioassay of the extracts against oxidative stress-related disorders for development of phytomedicine with antioxidant properties.

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Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Sarcocarp of Cotoneaster multiflorus

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/4619768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiangping Liu ◽

Jia Jia ◽

Xuemin Jing ◽

Guoliang Li

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Water Fraction

The ethanol-water (7 : 3, v/v) extract of Cotoneaster multiflorus sarcocarp was sequentially fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using n-hexane, diethyl ether, methylene dichloride, and ethyl acetate. The contents of total polyphenols, total flavones, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins in the five parts (including the ethanol-water extract) were determined. In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation decolorization, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays were conducted to test the antioxidant activities of Sample 1 (the ethanol-water fraction) and Sample 2 (the ethyl acetate fraction) in vitro. In the above five assays, Sample 2 showed greater antioxidant capacities than Sample 1. Furthermore, Sample 2 was better able to protect low-density lipoproteins from oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The test results show that C. multiflorus sarcocarp, especially the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

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In vitro Antioxidant Activities and Effect of Hydroethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae) on Salmonella

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i130185 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Louis-Claire Ndel Famen ◽

Benjamin Tangue Talom ◽

Richard Simo Tagne ◽

Gabriel Tchuente Kamsu ◽

Norbert Kodjio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Good Ability

Today, Typhoid fever remains a public health problem in developing countries due to the poor quality of lifestyle associated with abusive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Aims: Considering the ethnopharmacological relevance of Terminalia avicennioides (T. avicennioides) (Combretaceae), this study was designed to investigate the in vitro antisalmonella and antioxidant activities of various extracts of this plant. Methodology: The microdilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of T. avicennioides extract. These extracts were also subjected to in vitro antioxidant tests such as diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) radical scavenging test, ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical (OH) nitric oxide (NO) and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacity. Results: In vitro antisalmonella activity reveals that T. avicennioides stem bark extracts presented MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg / mL on tested microorganisms. This extract exhibited a good ability to trap DPPH with an IC50 of 8.30 μg / mL. The iron reducing power obtained with this extract had ODs ranging from 0.96 to 1.63. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols anthocyanin and anthraquinone in all the extracts. Conclusion: The results suggest that stem extract of T. avicennioides contains antisalmonella and antioxidant substances, which could be used for the treatment of typhoid fever and another salmonellosis.

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Antioxidant Activities of Stilbenoids fromRheum emodiWall

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/603678 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yuan-yuan Chai ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Yan-li Li ◽

Ke Liu ◽

Hui Xu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Antioxidant Power

Rheum emodiWall has been reported to possess protective effect in many inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related injuries. This study aims to investigate antioxidant power of stilbenoids fromR. emodiand then explore the material basis for its antioxidant potential. The most abundant stilbenoid piceatannol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PICG) and its aglycon piceatannol (PICE) were isolated fromR. emodirhizome. Using well-accepted antioxidant chemicals as reference, antioxidant activity of these stilbenoids was examined by measuring DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidationin vitro. Both PICG and PICE displayed promising antioxidant activity in all the four assays. Comparisons among the tested compounds indicated that PICE has the most potent antioxidant activity and the presence of 3′-hydroxyl group may enhance antioxidant activity of stilbenoids. The antioxidative effect of PICE at the cellular level was further demonstrated on the model of hydrogen-peroxide-induced H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts injury. Taking into account the rapidin vivometabolic transformation of PICG into PICE it can be inferred that the most abundant stilbenoid PICG may be an important constituent responsible for the antioxidant potential ofR. emodiand promising to be developed as an antioxidant agent for supplementary or therapeutic use.

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Bio-Prospecting of a Few Brown Seaweeds for Their Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/neq024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rashmi C. Vinayak ◽

A. S. Sabu ◽

Anil Chatterji

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Methanolic extracts (MEs) of seven brown seaweeds occurring in the Indian coastal waters were screened for their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties following various assays. The methanolic extracts of seaweeds in the order ofDictyopteris australis > Spatoglossum variabile > Stoechospermum marginatum > Spatoglossum aspermumshowed significant cytotoxic activity. A very high DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanolic extracts prepared fromSt. marginatum, Padina tetrastromatica, Dictyopteris delicatulaandS. aspermum. The total phenolic content of the MEs varied from 13.19 ± 0.32 to 25.29 ± 0.445 gallic acid equivalents (mg g−1of methanolic extract). The reducing power assay indicated a dose dependency, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL−1of MEs and decreased in the following order:Butylated hydroxy toluene > P. tetrastromatica > D. delicatula > S. aspermum > S. variabile > S. marginatum > D. australis > S. marginatum. Furthermore,D. australis,S. aspermum, S. variabileandS. marginatumdemonstrated good metal ion chelating properties. All the above evidences suggest that, the antioxidant compounds found in brown seaweeds scavenge free radicals through effective intervention. This decisively promotes them as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

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Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Reducing Power of Careya arborea Roxb.

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.86 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 886 ◽

pp. 86-91

Author(s):

Wanvisa Ninlaor ◽

Thaksaorn Thongom ◽

Chawapon Phoomphong ◽

Warachate Khobjai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Active Substances

Antioxidant plays an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection for human against infection and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the solvent on the extraction of the antioxidant compounds from Careya arborea (CA) Roxb. The leaves of CA were extracted by using water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their antioxidant activity was measured using 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The antioxidant activities of the extracts for DPPH and FRAP were in the order: water > methanol > ethanol > chloroform extract. According to the results, water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of active substances with antioxidant activities.

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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽

Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽

Soran K. Najmaldin ◽

Zaw Min Thu ◽

Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Total Antioxidant

A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.

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Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of an Epiphyte, Viscum album L. (White Berry Mistletoe), Derived from Different Host Trees

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1191

Author(s):

Mahak Majeed ◽

Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah ◽

Manzoor Ahmad Mir ◽

Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽

Hesham F. Alharby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Viscum Album ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant profile of a medicinal epiphyte Viscum album L. harvested from three tree species, namely, Populus ciliata L, Ulmus villosa L., and Juglans regia L. The crude extracts were obtained with ethanol, methanol, and water and were evaluated for the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging (SOR), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (•OH) assays. Our results showed that crude leaf extracts of plants harvested from the host Juglans regia L. exhibited higher yields of phytochemical constituents and noticeable antioxidative properties. The ethanolic leaf samples reported the highest phenols (13.46 ± 0.87 mg/g), flavonoids (2.38 ± 0.04 mg/g), FRAP (500.63 ± 12.58 μM Fe II/g DW), and DPPH (87.26% ± 0.30 mg/mL). Moreover, the highest values for TRP (4.24 ± 0.26 μg/mL), SOR (89.79% ± 0.73 mg/mL), and OH (67.16% ± 1.15 mg/mL) were obtained from aqueous leaf extracts. Further, Pearson correlation was used for quantifying the relationship between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, SOR, OH) activities in Viscum album L. compared to their hosts. It was revealed that the epiphyte showed variation with the type of host plant and extracting solvent.

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